The effect of feeding level during a 12-day progesterone-priming period on the viability of embryos collected from superovulated ewes.

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
T.G. McEvoy ◽  
J.J. Robinson ◽  
R.P. Aitken ◽  
C.E. Kyle ◽  
I.S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Priming Phase ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Several studies have shown that the level of peri- and post-ovulatory progesterone in ewes can critically influence embryo survival (Ashworth, Sales & Wilmut, 1989; Parr, 1992). However, the effect of altering pre-ovulatory progesterone concentrations in superovulated sheep has not been fully investigated. In view of the inverse relationship between the plasma concentration of progesterone and food intake (McKelvey & Robinson, 1986; Parr, 1992), the present study was carried out to determine the effect of altering feed intake on progesterone concentrations during the pre-ovulatory priming phase and on the subsequent viability of ova collected from superovulated ewes.

THE INFLUENCE OF FEEDING LEVEL DURING LACTATION ON THE OCCURRENCE AND ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE POSTWEANING ESTRUS IN SOWS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
S. K. BAIDOO ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
A. P. SATHER
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Sow Lactation ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Two experiments were performed with 78 second parity Lacombe sows to determine the influence of nutrition on reproductive performance. During a lactation of 35 d sows were fed daily either 3 (L) or 6 kg (H) of a diet having 16% crude protein and 12.5 MJ DE kg−1. For exp. 1, six L- and six H-fed sows were given an intravenous injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) at 21 d of lactation and blood was sampled at −30, −10, 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 90 and 120 min from the time of injection. Prestimulation luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were lower for L-fed than for the H-fed sows (1.34 ± 0.1 vs. 1.93 ± 0.2 ng mL−1' P < 0.02). Peak LH levels achieved after UnKH injection, however, did not differ significantly (5.0 ± 0.6 and 5.8 ± 0.5 ng mL−1 for L and H sows, respectively). In exp. 2, 38 sows were fed the H and 40 fed the L level of feed throughout a 5-wk lactation. As expected, low-level feeding in lactation resulted in a greater body weight and backfat loss (17.4 ± 1.6 vs 41.2 ± 2.3 kg and 3.2 ± 0.4 vs. 6.3 ± 0.1 mm; P < 0.001 for both). Low-level feeding also resulted in an increased incidence of anestrus (15.0 vs. 0.0%) and an extended remating interval (140.7 ± 11.7 vs. 103.4 ± 2.1 h; P < 0.05). At the postweaning estrus, sows were inseminated with either fresh (F) or thawed (T) semen. Treatment groups were thus HF, LF and LT. Pregnancy rate was influenced by both feed level and semen type (90, 72, 69 and 39% for groups HF, HT, LF and LT, respectively). Ovulation rate was unaffected by feed intake (18.7 ± 0.9 vs. 18.2 ± 0.5 for L and H sows, respectively) but embryo survival was influenced by both feed intake and semen type (82.7 ± 2.5, 46.4 ± 9.7, 68.3 ± 9.6 and 53.7 ± 9.8% for groups HF, HT, LF and LT respectively). Eight H and twelve L-fed sows were blood-sampled via indwelling vena caval cannulae at 6-h intervals from weaning until the end of estrus. No treatment effect was noted for plasma levels of LH, growth hormone, estradiol-17β or testosterone during this period. It was concluded that low-plane feeding in lactation and the consequent increased weight and backfat loss reduce reproductive performance of sows. However, the mechanism(s) controlling this effect remain to be fully elucidated. Key words: Sow, lactation, nutrition, estrus

Effect of feeding level during rearing and mating strategy on performance of Swedish Yorkshire sows. 2. Reproductive performance, food intake, backfat changes and culling rate during the first two parities

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Le Cozier ◽  
E. Ringmar-Cederberg ◽  
L. Rydhmer ◽  
N. Lundeheim ◽  
J. Y. Dourmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Mating Strategy ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

AbstractA 2 x 2 factorial experiment was designed in order to study the effects of feeding level during rearing and of mating policy on the reproductive performance and food intake of first- and second-litter sows. Gilts were offered food during rearing eitherad libitum(AL) or at 0·8 of the AL level (R) and served either at first (E1) or third (E3) detected oestrus. A total of 160 out of the 243 animals that started the experiment were culled by the end of the second lactation, with significantly more R than AL animals (71 and 60%, respectively). During the first pregnancy, the R sows gained more live weight (LW) and backfat thickness (BF) than their AL contemporaries (+5 kg and +1.2 mm, respectively) and lost less BF during the first lactation (1.2 mm less). At weaning, no difference remained in LW or BF between AL and R sows (174 kg LW on average). The E3 females gained less LW during both pregnancies compared with those on the E1 treatment, but they remained heavier until the second weaning (208 kg, on average). During the first lactation, R consumed more food during the weeks 2 and 3 (by 0·5 kg/day, on average) than those reared previously on the AL regime, and no difference was observed between E3 and E1 females. No difference in food consumption was noted during parity two. However, when measured over the first two parities, lean animals consumed more food than fat animals. The size and the weight of the litter at birth or at weaning were not influenced by the treatment prior to service. The weaning-to-oestrus interval was longer during parity one than during parity two (5·7 and 5·0 days, respectively;P< 0·01) but it was not affected by feeding or mating treatment.

The influence of feeding level on the protein requirement of pigs between 20 and 45 kg live weight

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
M. R. Taverner ◽  
D. M. Curic
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Entire Male

ABSTRACTOne hundred entire male pigs growing between 20 and 45 kg live weight were used to investigate the effects on growth performance and carcass composition of eight concentrations of dietary crude protein (CP), ranging from 93 to 238 g/kg and three levels of food intake (giving mean daily digestible energy 15·6, 18·7 and 22·4 MJ).Growth rate improved with each increase in food intake and with increase in dietary CP up to 175 g/kg (10·5 g lysine per kg) at all food intakes. Food:gain ratio (g food per g growth) improved with increase in dietary CP up to 175 g/kg and with the first increase in food intake.The rate of protein deposition in the carcass (excluding viscera) increased with each increase in level of feeding, and with increases in dietary CP up to 175 g/kg. The results showed that for pigs given diets deficient in protein, the rate of protein deposition was linearly related to protein intake and independent of energy intake. For pigs given diets adequate in protein, the rate of protein deposition was related to energy intake, and independent of protein intake.The carcass fat of pigs killed at 45 kg live weight decreased on all feeding treatments with increase in dietary CP up to 175 g/kg, and was higher in pigs given the two higher levels of feeding than in those fed at the lowest level. The effect of feeding level on carcass fat content declined as the protein adequacy of the diet was reduced.

Effect of feeding level on luteal function and progesterone concentration in the vena cava during early pregnancy in gilts

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Z. Athorn ◽  
P. Stott ◽  
E. G. Bouwman ◽  
T. Y. Chen ◽  
D. J. Kennaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

This study assessed the effect of feeding level on progesterone concentration in the caudal vena cava during early pregnancy in gilts. Twenty-four Landrace gilts were allocated to either a high (2.8±0.02) or a low (1.5±0.01kg day–1) feeding level at Day 0 of pregnancy. Serial blood samples were collected every 15min for 3h before and 3h after feeding on Days 6 and 9 of pregnancy. Embryo survival and development as well as in vitro luteal progesterone production were assessed at Day 10 of pregnancy. Progesterone concentration in the vena cava was pulsatile with gilts on the high feeding level having more pulses compared with Low gilts on Day 9 of pregnancy (P&lt;0.05). On Day 6 the number of pulses did not differ significantly between treatments; however, the average progesterone concentration in the vena cava tended to be higher in the gilts on the high feeding level (P&lt;0.10). Embryo survival at Day 10 was 92±3% for High gilts compared with 77±3% for Low gilts (P&lt;0.05). No difference in embryo development between the treatments was seen. There was no difference between treatments in in vitro secretion of progesterone by luteal tissue. In conclusion, a high plane of nutrition positively affects progesterone secretion by the ovaries in early pregnancy.

The effect of semen collection frequency and food intake on semen production in breeding boars

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kemp ◽  
G. C. M. Barker ◽  
L. A. den Hartog ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding level and semen collection frequency on semen quantity and quality of 62 Yorkshire boars at two artificial insemination centres during 10 successive periods of 2 weeks. The experiment had a 2 × 2 factorial design with two feeding levels (2·75 and 3·5 kg/day) and two semen collection frequencies (three and five times in 2 weeks).In the first 2-week period boars on the high frequency semen collection scheme produced 94 × 109 sperm cells more than boars on the low scheme. In periods 2 to 10 the mean difference was only 18 × 109 sperm cells. Boars on the high feeding level produced 32 × 109 sperm cells more per 2-week period than the boars on the low feeding level (P < 0·05). Boars at the high collection frequency and the high feeding level tended to produce a higher number of sperm cells during periods 2 to 10 than the boars on the high semen collection frequency and the low feeding level (P > 0·05). No effects of food intake or semen collection frequency on semen quality were found.

Feeding level and dietary energy source have no effect on embryo survival in gilts, despite changes in systemic progesterone levels

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Z. Athorn ◽  
P. Stott ◽  
E. G. Bouwman ◽  
A. C. Edwards ◽  
M. A. Blackberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Starch Diet

This study was designed to assess the effect of feeding level and dietary energy source on luteal function, systemic progesterone concentration and embryo survival in gilts during early gestation. At Day 0 of pregnancy, 104 gilts were allocated to one of four experimental diets (LStarch: 1.2 × maintenance requirement (M) Starch diet (43.3% starch), n = 31; HStarch: 2.4 × M Starch diet (43.3% starch), n = 21; HFat: 2.4 × M Fat diet (13.5% fat), n = 23; and HFibre: 2.4 × M Fibre diet (7.2% fibre), n = 23). On Day 5 of gestation, no significant difference in circulating concentration of systemic progesterone was seen among the treatments. However, on Day 15 of pregnancy, gilts on the HStarch diet had a significantly lower concentration of systemic progesterone than did gilts on both the LStarch and HFat diets (P < 0.05; 24.8 ± 2.4 v. 32.7 ± 2.4 and 36.1 ± 2.1 ng/mL, respectively). At Day 35 of gestation, there was also a tendency for gilts on the HStarch and HFat diets to have a higher total luteal weight than for gilts on the LStarch diets (7.2 ± 0.2 and 7.1 ± 0.2 v. 6.7 ± 0.2 g (P < 0.05)). No difference in embryo survival was seen among the treatments. From the present study, we can conclude that altering feeding level and dietary energy source did not affect embryo survival, despite the fact that systemic progesterone concentrations were affected on Day 15 of gestation. Also, luteal weight was greater for those gilts on the high feeding level than for those on the low feeding level when fed the same energy source.

scholarly journals 27 Defining a robust sow: swine nutrition perspective on reproduction and lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Embryo Survival

Abstract Improvements in modern sow prolificacy have markedly increased the number of pigs weaned, thus the ability of sows to provide nutrients to support fetal growth and milk production has been enhanced. The goals of the gestation nutrition program consist of meeting the nutrient requirements for maintenance and growth and for adequate conceptus development, while managing body condition. Early gestation represents the best opportunity for replenishing body reserves, whereas in late gestation, both estimated protein deposition and energy requirement are exponentially increased and directed towards fetal growth and mammary development. Increased feed intake after breeding has been presumed to be detrimental to embryo survival; however, data with modern line sows demonstrates to feed thin sows to recover body condition as quickly as possible while avoiding feed deprivation immediately after breeding. Importance of body condition scoring remains unchanged: feed thin sows to bring back to adequate body condition and prevent over-conditioned sows at farrowing. A recent meta-analysis showed increasing late gestation feed intake seems to modestly improve piglet birth weight by 28 g per piglet in gilts and sows. Also, recent findings in gestating sows suggest modern genotypes have improved feed efficiency and propensity for growth. Therefore, increasing energy intake during late gestation has a modest effect on piglet birth weight and a negative effect on stillborn rate. Historically, lactation catabolism impacted subsequent reproductive performance of sows, particularly in first-parity. However, contemporary sows appear to be increasingly resistant to the negative effects of lactational catabolism. Even so, continued emphasis on maximizing lactation feed intake is critical to support milk production and prevent excessive lean tissue mobilization. Research data suggests that ad libitum feeding and offering lactation diets during the wean-to-estrus interval is not needed. Modern genetic sow lines appear to be more robust from a nutritional perspective than in the past.

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