The Ability of Polyethylene Glycol to Enhance the Digestion of Tropical Forage Legumes of Varying Tannin Content

Condensed tannins have been implicated in reducing the nutritive value of potentially important feedstuffs, largely through reducing protein and fibre digestion. Tannins can mediate their effects directly by binding to the protein or fibre fraction rendering them resistant to digestion, or indirectly by binding with digestive enzymes, preventing their catalytic action. These adverse effects of tannins, however, can be mitigated by the use of agents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) which form complexes with condensed tannins rendering them less effective as protein and fibre-binding agents. In this study, the effects of polyethylene glycol on (a) the in vitro fermentability and (b) the digestibility of the fibre fraction (= non-starch polysaccharide; NSP) of leaves of six tropical forage legumes varying in condensed tannin content was investigated.The species used, chosen for their varying tannin contents, were Sesbania goetzei (SG), S. seban (SS), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Dioclea guianensis (DG) Calliandra sp. (C) and Tadehagi sp. (T23).

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In Vitro Fermentation of the Non-Starch Polysaccahride Fraction of Tropical Forage Legumes

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600026805 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1994 ◽

pp. 135-135

Author(s):

A.C. Longland ◽

R.D. Pilgrim ◽

J. Thorpe ◽

S.J. Lister ◽

P. Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Monosaccharide Composition ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Tannin Content ◽

Forage Legumes ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Acacia Cyanophylla ◽

Tropical Forage

The fibre fraction (= non-starch polysaccharides; NSP) of tropical forage legumes is a potentially important source of dietary energy. Such legumes, however often contain tannins which can reduce the fermentability of the NSP fraction. In this study, the monosaccharide composition and in vitro digestibility of the NSP fraction of eleven tropical forage legumes varying in condensed tannin content, were investigated.Milled, lyophilised leaves of 5 species of forage legume from Ethiopia, Sesbania goetzei (SG), Sesbania sesban (SS) Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Acacia cyanophylla (AC), Chamaecytisus palmensis (CP)) and six from Colombia, Calliandra sp. 29400 (C), Dioclea guianensis (DG), Flemingia macrophylla 77409 (FM) Tadehagi sp. 23227 (T23), 13269 (T69) and 13275 (T75)) were used. One gram samples were fermented at 39°C for 7 d under anaerobic conditions in modified Van Soest medium inoculated with bovine rumen fluid (5 replicates per species). At the end of the fermentation period, residues were filtered, washed with distilled water and lyophilised. The NSP content and composition of the original samples and their residues were determined by the method of Englyst and Cummings (1984). The bound, soluble and total condensed tannin contents of the original samples were determined by the method of Terrill et al. (1992).

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Relationship Between Polyphenolics and the in Vitro Fermentability of Tropical Forage Legumes

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600026854 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1994 ◽

pp. 140-140

Author(s):

A.C. Longland ◽

M.K. Theodorou ◽

C Powell ◽

M. Gill

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Forage Legumes ◽

Tropical Forage ◽

The Tropics ◽

Gas Tight ◽

The Relationship ◽

Eleven Species

Forage legumes are a potentially important source of dietary energy and protein for ruminants in the tropics. However, the nutritive value of such legumes can be depressed by their polyphenolic content. The effects of these compounds include inhibition of fermentation in the rumen and complexing with enzymes, dietary protein and fibre.The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the total polyphenolic (TP), total condensed tannin (TCT), bound condensed tannin (BCT) and soluble condensed tannin (SCT) contents of forage legumes and their fermentability in vitro.Leaf samples from eleven species of tropical forage legume were collected from Colombia (six species) and Ethiopia (five species). Lyophilised, milled samples of each of the eleven species (1 g x 5 replicates) were placed in gas-tight culture bottles containing an anaerobic medium inoculated with bovine rumen fluid. The cultures were incubated under anaerobic conditions for a total of 7 d h at 39°C.

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The utilisation of a commercial polyethylene glycol preparation to ameliorate the influence of tannins on rumen environment

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200593272 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 131-131

Author(s):

M.B. Salawu ◽

T. Acamovic ◽

C.S. Stewart ◽

F.D. DeB. Hovell

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Microbial Activities ◽

Commercial Preparation ◽

Commercial Farms

Quebracho (Loxopterygium loetzil) tannins (QT) are condensed tannins that reduce the digestibilities of nutrients in ruminants (Robbins, et al, 1991), probably by forming complexes with the dietary protein and carbohydrates and reducing microbial activities (Makkar, et al, 1988). Browse Plus (BP), a commercial preparation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) has recently been used to improve the nutritive value of tannin-containing browses. Trials on commercial farms in Zimbabwe have demonstrated that BP improved the nutritional performance of cattle fed high tannin diets (Anon., 1995). Some in vitro work tend to support these findings (Acamovic, et al, 1995). An experiment to study the effectiveness of BP in ameliorating the effects of QT on the rumen environment was conducted.

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Characterization and biological activity of condensed tannins from tropical forage legumes

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000900011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 1070-1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tatiana Pires Pereira ◽

Elisa Cristina Modesto ◽

Delci de Deus Nepomuceno ◽

Osniel Faria de Oliveira ◽

Rafaela Scalise Xavier de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Species Differences ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Degree Of Polymerization ◽

Polymerization Degree ◽

Forage Legumes ◽

Tropical Forage ◽

Ruminant Diets

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize condensed tannins (CT) from six tropical forage legumes and to determine their biological activity. The monomers propelargonidin, prodelphinidin and procyanidin were analyzed, as well as extractable condensed tannin (ECT), protein-bound CT (PBCT) and fiber-bound CT (FBCT), molecular weight, degree of polymerization, polydispersity index, and biological activity by protein precipitate by phenols (PPP) of leaves of the legumes Cajanus cajan, Gliricidia sepium, Stylosanthes capitata x Stylosanthes macrocephala (stylo), Flemingia macrophylla, Cratylia argentea, and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, and of the bark of this latter species. Differences were observed in the concentrations of ECT, PBCT, PPP, and total condensed tannin among species, but not in that of FBCT. The highest value of PBCT occurred in F. macrophylla. Total CT varied from nondetected concentration in C. argentea to the highest concentration in M. caesalpiniifolia leaves that contain the greatest levels of PPP. No differences were observed for polymerization degree in stylo, F. macrophylla, and M. caesalpiniifolia. Leaves of stylo, C. cajan, and G. sepium, all containing between 20 and 50 g kg-1 total CT, should be beneficial CT sources, if offered as sole feeds in ruminant diets. The ratio of prodelphinidin:procyanidin varies from 10:80 (stylo) to 65:35 (F. machrophylla), and propelargonidin is only determined in C. argentea.

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In vitro degradability of mature and immature leaves of tropical forage legumes differing in condensed tannin and non-starch polysaccharide content and composition

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.1002/jsfa.1534 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (12) ◽

pp. 1256-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Rolando Barahona ◽

Carlos E Lascano ◽

Nelmy Narvaez ◽

Emir Owen ◽

Phillip Morris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Condensed Tannin ◽

Forage Legumes ◽

Polysaccharide Content ◽

Tropical Forage

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The utilisation of a commercial polyethylene glycol preparation to ameliorate the influence of tannins on rumen environment

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600030981 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 131-131

Author(s):

M.B. Salawu ◽

T. Acamovic ◽

C.S. Stewart ◽

F.D. DeB. Hovell

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Microbial Activities ◽

Commercial Preparation ◽

Commercial Farms

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Feed Evaluation Based on in Vitro Gas Production of Tropical Forages with Addition of Different Polyethylene Glycol (Peg) Level

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v45i1.58433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Widya Kenshiana Putri ◽

Cuk Tri Noviandi ◽

Kustantinah Adiwimarta

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Gas Production ◽

Tannin Content ◽

Significance Level ◽

Bamboo Leaves ◽

Randomized Design ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Significant Difference

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition and gas production based on fermentation in the rumen of nine types of forage tropical feed commonly used in Indonesia. The forages used in this study were: mahogany leaves (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.), tayuman leaves (Bauhinia purpurea), bamboo leaves (Bambusa arundinaceae), canary leaves (Canarium indicum L.), tea leaves (Camellia sinensis), ketapang leaves (Terminalia catapa L.), lamtoro leaves (Leucaena leucocephala), tehtehan leaves (Duranta repens), and turi leaves (Sesbania grandiflora). Measurements of in vitro gas production were carried out at 10 observation points (2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 hour). Tannin activity was measured for each sample at observation points using measurements of gas production divided into three groups with modified levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG), ie samples without PEG (P1); sample + PEG in the amount of 200 mgDM (P2); and PEG + samples of tannins contained in each forage based on literature studies (P3). Data were analyzed for a variance by following the factorial completely randomized design (CRD) pattern. Statistical analyzes were performed on all data by following the general linear procedure in PROC GLM from SAS. The data obtained were analyzed for variance at the 5% significance level. The results of gas production calculations showed that crude protein (CP) from each forage ranges from 5.75 - 22.37% where the highest CP was owned by turi leaves (S. grandiflora). The content of crude fiber (CF) ranged from 5.30 - 20.93%. The most optimal measurement of gas production was in the sample given PEG in the amount of 200mg/kg with a significant difference (P<0.05). The higher of the tannin content contained in the forage, the lower of gas produced. Measurement of tannin content showed that condensed tannin content varied from turi leaves by 0.20% to the highest in mahogany leaves by 8.60%. The addition of 200 mg/100mgDM of PEG optimizes the rate of forage gas production, especially for grass plants (gramineae).

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Temporal Variations in Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility, and Metabolizable Energy of Plant Species Browsed by Goats in Southern Mediterranean Forest Rangeland

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051441 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1441

Author(s):

Youssef Chebli ◽

Samira El Otmani ◽

Mouad Chentouf ◽

Jean-Luc Hornick ◽

Jean-François Cabaraux

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Species ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Mediterranean Forest ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Large Variability ◽

Southern Mediterranean

Forest rangelands contribute largely to goat diets in the Mediterranean area. Information about browsed plant quality is essential for adequate feeding management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal changes in chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the main plant species selected by goats in the Southern Mediterranean forest rangeland during two consecutive years; these were very contrasted (dry and wet). The browsed species were composed of herbaceous, eleven shrubs, and four tree species. Overall, large variability in chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) was observed among species, grazing season (spring, summer, and autumn), and years within each species. Crude protein (CP) content varied from 60 to 240 g/kg dry matter (DM). The fiber fractions, except for Quercus suber, increased significantly by advancing maturity. Due to the water stress, the lignin level presented a higher value during the spring of the dry year. Condensed tannin (CT) content varied from 2 to 184 g/kg DM. CP, IVOMD, and ME showed a negative correlation with lignin and CT. Based on the results presented herein, it is concluded that the nutritive value of the browsed plant species was highest in the spring and lowest during the summer and autumn of both studied years. With a good grazing management strategy, the selected plant species by goats could guarantee high-quality feeding resources throughout the year.

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Determination of the In Vitro Gas Production and Potential Feed Value of Olive, Mulberry and Sour Orange Tree Leaves

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2018-0033 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 269-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mustafa Olfaz ◽

Unal Kilic ◽

Mustafa Boga ◽

Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Gas Production ◽

Net Energy ◽

Sour Orange ◽

Tree Leaves ◽

Randomized Design ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the potential nutritive value andin vitrogas production (IVGP) parameters ofOlea europaea L. (Olive = OL),Morus alba L. (Mulberry = ML) andCitrus aurantium L. (Sour orange = SOL) tree leaves. Hohenheim gas test was used to determine thein vitrogas productions of the leaves. The gas production of samples over time was recorded for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after incubation. Completely Randomized Design was used to compare gas production, and gas production kinetics of samples. The findings of the present study suggested that there were differences among the tree leaves in terms of crude protein, NDF,in vitrogas productions, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolisable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL) and relative feed values (RFV) (P<0.01). ML had the highest condensed tannin contents (P<0.05),in vitrogas production (IVGP), OMD and energy values (P<0.01). SOL had highest RFV values. OL showed the lowest IVGP when compared to SOL and ML. Low NDF and ADF contents of SOL would probably increase the voluntary intake, digestibility and relative feed values of these leaves by ruminants. In conclusion, it was determined that OL, ML and SOL used in the study have lowin vitrogas production and can be utilized as alternative roughage feed in ruminants. However, it is recommended that the results obtained from this research should be tested inin vivostudies.

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