In vitro degradability of mature and immature leaves of tropical forage legumes differing in condensed tannin and non-starch polysaccharide content and composition

The fibre fraction (= non-starch polysaccharides; NSP) of tropical forage legumes is a potentially important source of dietary energy. Such legumes, however often contain tannins which can reduce the fermentability of the NSP fraction. In this study, the monosaccharide composition and in vitro digestibility of the NSP fraction of eleven tropical forage legumes varying in condensed tannin content, were investigated.Milled, lyophilised leaves of 5 species of forage legume from Ethiopia, Sesbania goetzei (SG), Sesbania sesban (SS) Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Acacia cyanophylla (AC), Chamaecytisus palmensis (CP)) and six from Colombia, Calliandra sp. 29400 (C), Dioclea guianensis (DG), Flemingia macrophylla 77409 (FM) Tadehagi sp. 23227 (T23), 13269 (T69) and 13275 (T75)) were used. One gram samples were fermented at 39°C for 7 d under anaerobic conditions in modified Van Soest medium inoculated with bovine rumen fluid (5 replicates per species). At the end of the fermentation period, residues were filtered, washed with distilled water and lyophilised. The NSP content and composition of the original samples and their residues were determined by the method of Englyst and Cummings (1984). The bound, soluble and total condensed tannin contents of the original samples were determined by the method of Terrill et al. (1992).

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The Ability of Polyethylene Glycol to Enhance the Digestion of Tropical Forage Legumes of Varying Tannin Content

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600026234 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1994 ◽

pp. 76-76

Author(s):

A.C. Longland ◽

M.K. Theodorou ◽

S.J. Listerl ◽

P. Morris ◽

M. Gill

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Tannin Content ◽

Forage Legumes ◽

Tropical Forage ◽

Binding Agents ◽

Fibre Fraction

Condensed tannins have been implicated in reducing the nutritive value of potentially important feedstuffs, largely through reducing protein and fibre digestion. Tannins can mediate their effects directly by binding to the protein or fibre fraction rendering them resistant to digestion, or indirectly by binding with digestive enzymes, preventing their catalytic action. These adverse effects of tannins, however, can be mitigated by the use of agents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) which form complexes with condensed tannins rendering them less effective as protein and fibre-binding agents. In this study, the effects of polyethylene glycol on (a) the in vitro fermentability and (b) the digestibility of the fibre fraction (= non-starch polysaccharide; NSP) of leaves of six tropical forage legumes varying in condensed tannin content was investigated.The species used, chosen for their varying tannin contents, were Sesbania goetzei (SG), S. seban (SS), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Dioclea guianensis (DG) Calliandra sp. (C) and Tadehagi sp. (T23).

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Relationship Between Polyphenolics and the in Vitro Fermentability of Tropical Forage Legumes

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600026854 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1994 ◽

pp. 140-140

Author(s):

A.C. Longland ◽

M.K. Theodorou ◽

C Powell ◽

M. Gill

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Forage Legumes ◽

Tropical Forage ◽

The Tropics ◽

Gas Tight ◽

The Relationship ◽

Eleven Species

Forage legumes are a potentially important source of dietary energy and protein for ruminants in the tropics. However, the nutritive value of such legumes can be depressed by their polyphenolic content. The effects of these compounds include inhibition of fermentation in the rumen and complexing with enzymes, dietary protein and fibre.The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the total polyphenolic (TP), total condensed tannin (TCT), bound condensed tannin (BCT) and soluble condensed tannin (SCT) contents of forage legumes and their fermentability in vitro.Leaf samples from eleven species of tropical forage legume were collected from Colombia (six species) and Ethiopia (five species). Lyophilised, milled samples of each of the eleven species (1 g x 5 replicates) were placed in gas-tight culture bottles containing an anaerobic medium inoculated with bovine rumen fluid. The cultures were incubated under anaerobic conditions for a total of 7 d h at 39°C.

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Non-starch polysaccharide composition and in vitro fermentability of tropical forage legumes varying in phenolic content

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/0377-8401(95)00808-z ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 55 (3-4) ◽

pp. 161-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Annette C. Longland ◽

Michael K. Theodorou ◽

Ruth Sanderson ◽

Susan J. Lister ◽

Ciaran J. Powell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Content ◽

Forage Legumes ◽

Tropical Forage ◽

Polysaccharide Composition

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Characterization and biological activity of condensed tannins from tropical forage legumes

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000900011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 1070-1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tatiana Pires Pereira ◽

Elisa Cristina Modesto ◽

Delci de Deus Nepomuceno ◽

Osniel Faria de Oliveira ◽

Rafaela Scalise Xavier de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Condensed Tannins ◽

Species Differences ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Degree Of Polymerization ◽

Polymerization Degree ◽

Forage Legumes ◽

Tropical Forage ◽

Ruminant Diets

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize condensed tannins (CT) from six tropical forage legumes and to determine their biological activity. The monomers propelargonidin, prodelphinidin and procyanidin were analyzed, as well as extractable condensed tannin (ECT), protein-bound CT (PBCT) and fiber-bound CT (FBCT), molecular weight, degree of polymerization, polydispersity index, and biological activity by protein precipitate by phenols (PPP) of leaves of the legumes Cajanus cajan, Gliricidia sepium, Stylosanthes capitata x Stylosanthes macrocephala (stylo), Flemingia macrophylla, Cratylia argentea, and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, and of the bark of this latter species. Differences were observed in the concentrations of ECT, PBCT, PPP, and total condensed tannin among species, but not in that of FBCT. The highest value of PBCT occurred in F. macrophylla. Total CT varied from nondetected concentration in C. argentea to the highest concentration in M. caesalpiniifolia leaves that contain the greatest levels of PPP. No differences were observed for polymerization degree in stylo, F. macrophylla, and M. caesalpiniifolia. Leaves of stylo, C. cajan, and G. sepium, all containing between 20 and 50 g kg-1 total CT, should be beneficial CT sources, if offered as sole feeds in ruminant diets. The ratio of prodelphinidin:procyanidin varies from 10:80 (stylo) to 65:35 (F. machrophylla), and propelargonidin is only determined in C. argentea.

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Evaluating the Protein Value of Fresh Tropical Forage Grasses and Forage Legumes Using In Vitro and Chemical Fractionation Methods

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11102853 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2853

Author(s):

Khaterine C. Salazar-Cubillas ◽

Uta Dickhoefer

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Chemical Method ◽

Reference Method ◽

Chemical Fractionation ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Forage Legumes ◽

Passage Rate ◽

In Vitro Method ◽

Tropical Forage

The objectives of the present study were (1) to assess the adequacy of the in vitro and chemical methods to predict post-ruminal crude protein supply (PRCP) from fresh tropical forage, and (2) to identify PRCP supply predictors. Twenty-three fresh forage grasses and 15 forage legumes commonly used in domestic cattle feeding in the tropics and subtropics were incubated in the rumen of cows to determine ruminal crude protein (CP) degradation. The PRCP supply was calculated from in situ rumen-undegraded CP and in vitro organic matter digestibility (i.e., reference method), from ammonia-nitrogen release during in vitro incubation (i.e., in vitro method), and from the concentrations of chemical CP fractions (i.e., chemical method). The adequacy was evaluated using error-index and dimensionless parameters, and stepwise regression was used to select PRCP predictors. Adequacy ranged from poor to moderate (0.53 to 0.74) for the in vitro method being lower for forage legumes at a slow rumen passage rate (0.20), and even poorer (0.02 to 0.13) for the chemical method. Hence, the in vitro method can estimate PRCP supply in tropical forages with moderate to high but not with slow passage rates. Equations developed in the present study appear to predict PRCP supply with reasonable adequacy.

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Strains of Bradyrhizobium From Tropical Forage Legumes Inhibit Rhizoctonia-Solani Ag-1 in-Vitro

Australasian Plant Pathology ◽

10.1071/app9950168 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 168 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S Kelemu ◽

RJ Thomas ◽

CX Moreno ◽

GI Ocampo

Keyword(s):

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Forage Legumes ◽

Tropical Forage

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Relationship between chemical components, bacterial adherence and in vitro fermentation of tropical forage legumes

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542013000500010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 457-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Fluck ◽

Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski ◽

Andressa Ana Martins ◽

Mariana Patricia Mezzomo ◽

Filipe Zanferari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Rate ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Gas Production ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Forage Legumes ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Total N ◽

Tropical Forage

Inclusion of forage legumes in diet may improve tropical ruminant systems productivity and sustainability. However, it is not well stablished which chemical components more impact their nutritional value. The relationship between chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of tropical forage legume was evaluated with the objective of obtaining indicators of their nutritional value. Samples of Crotalaria spectabilis, Cajanus cajan, Macrotyloma axillare, Mucuna aterrina, Stylosantis sp. and Canavalia ensiformis, cut from plants at growth age between 47 to 110 days, were analysed. Total gas production showed negative correlation (P<0.05) with total N (R=-0.51), acid detergent fibre (ADF, R=-0.62) and acid detergent lignin (ADL, R=-0.65), and positive correlation with non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC, R=0.70). Gas production rate was negatively related (P<0.05) to NDF (R=-0.73), ADF (R=-0.62) and ADL (R=-0.74). Ammonia concentration in the incubation medium was positively related (P<0.05) to total (R=0.74) and soluble (R=0.56) N, and negatively related to NFC (R=-0.81). The level of bacterial adhesion on residue of incubation was negatively related (P<0.05) to cell wall components, mainly to ADL (R=-0.57). The inclusion of polyehtylene glycol increased both gas volume and gas production rate whereas decreased ammonia concentration (P<0.05). In conclusion, even at low concentrations tannins impact the in vitro fermentation of tropical legumes. However, among the analyzed chemical components, the ADL was the best indicator of the nutritional value of the tropical forage legumes.

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