scholarly journals Treatment of Postanoxic Intention Myoclonus with Valproic Acid

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bruni ◽  
L.J. Willmore ◽  
B.J. Wilder
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

SummaryValproic acid in therapeutic doses was used in the treatment of postanoxic intention myoclonus. Disappearance of the myoclonus occurred with marked improvement in the electroencephalogram. No significant side effects were noted. Hepatic function tests were monitored. Determination of valproic acid plasma levels was used to guide therapy. Levels above 55 ßg were generally required. The patient remains free of myoclonus after four and one half months.

Liver failure under valproic acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1282-1282
Author(s):  
C. Schönfeldt-Lecuona ◽  
B.J. Connemann ◽  
R.W. Freudenmann ◽  
C. Hiemke ◽  
M.M. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Federal Institute

Valproic acid (VPA, 2-propylvaleric acid) is originally an antiepileptic drug, which has been in use for more than 30 years in over 100 countries. The clinical application of VPA has expanded in the last years. Approval has been granted by the FDA for treatment of migraine and cluster headache in 1996, and for treatment of mania and long-term prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder in 1995. In ongoing studies, VPA has been reported to inhibit growth of several types of cancer cells; in addition, effects on neurodegeneration, and on virus replication in HIV infection have been demonstrated potentially expanding the application of VPA in the future. Despite a good tolerability of the drug, reports of hepatotoxicty even in patients without risk factors become more frequent. We analysed all cases of VPA induced severe hepatic side effects reported to the german Federal Institute for Pharmaceuticals & Medical Products (BfArM) between 1993 and 2009. A special intention was to detect correlations with present co-medication as a crucial factor in the break-down of hepatic function. As frequent co-medications in VPA-induced hepatic side effects benzodiazepines, and antiepileptics, especially carbamazepine, lamotrigine and topiramate were found. In addition, propofol as a co-medication was found in 4 lethal cases. Different pathomechanisms of VPA hepatotoxicity and a therapeutic approach with carnitine are discussed. Current international guidelines for prevention of VPA-induced liver failure are contrasted. Weekly control of liver enzymes in the first treatment weeks might help to detect VPA-induced hepatic side effects earlier.

Sustained Action Tetracycline Preparation – Tetrabid-Organon Blood Level Study

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
C R Lucas ◽  
C J Mugglestone ◽  
D R Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Sustained Action ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Standard Production ◽  
Made In

A comparison of the plasma levels of tetracycline obtained whilst taking standard therapeutic doses of Tetrabid-Organon was made in twelve healthy volunteers. Two standard production batches were used in the study which was conducted under double-blind conditions. Sampling 12 hours and 8 hours after dosing showed no significant differences in plasma levels, with each batch. Even at these lowest levels satisfactory concentrations were rapidly obtained following initial administration, and were maintained when the drug was given at 12-hourly intervals. No side-effects of the drug were noted.

Hematological Consequences of Valproic Acid in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review with a Mechanistic Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani ◽  
Mohammad Delirrad ◽  
Rana Fazeli-Bakhtiyari ◽  
Mahood Sadeghi ◽  
Hadi Zare-Zardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Purpose: Although valproate (VPA) has several advantages in controlling seizures, it may cause serious hematological consequences. Hematotoxicity of VPA is particularly important in pediatrics because patients at this age are at a growing risk of leukemia. For a conclusive agreement about the toxicity of VPA, in this study, we systematically reviewed the literature in which the hematological consequences of VPA had been emphasized. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in June 2021 on electronic databases to find original research on the association between VPA therapy and hematotoxicity in pediatric patients. For this purpose, the following search terms “hematotoxicity”, “valproic acid” and “pediatrics” with different spellings and similar terms, were searched in the title, keywords, and abstracts of articles. The data were collected and used for qualitative data description. Results: A total of 36 relevant articles with an overall 1381 study population were included. The results showed that VPA could cause severe hematotoxicity in children even at therapeutic doses. Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and bone marrow depression are the most common complications associated with VPA therapy. Also, findings showed that after discontinuation of VPA and starting other antiepileptic drugs or reducing the administered VPA dose, hematologic damages were entirely resolved, and all the hematological parameters improved during two weeks. Conclusions: This review showed that VPA therapy could cause hematotoxicity in children; hence, it is recommended to monitor hematological indices during VPA therapy. Also, according to the suggested mechanistic pathways of VPA side effects, a combination of VPA with antioxidants may reduce hematological side effects.

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Sartans in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-222
Author(s):  
Miglena Smerikarova ◽  
Stanislav Bozhanov ◽  
Vania Maslarska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Sartans are mostly used as a part of combination with additional medicines in the therapy of essencial hypertension. Preferred combinations are ARB and thiazide diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and Chlorthalidone (CHL)) or ARB and calcium antagonists. The number of sartans mostly prescribed by specialists is only seven - Candesartan (CDS), Eprosartan (EPS), Irbesartan (IBS), Losartan (LOS), Olmesartan (OMS), Telmisartan (TMS) and Valsartan (VLS). Methods: The widespread use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension requires reliable methods of analysis. Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations should be analyzed to ensure the quality of the medicinal products reaching patients. On the other hand, the analysis of drugs in biological fluids aims to trace and improve patient care by adjusting the therapeutic doses of drugs. According to our knowledge, a review devoted to the analysis of sartans was published in 2014. Results: Spectral methods are widely used in the analysis of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical dosage forms due to their relatively simple procedures, low reagent and sample consumption, speed, precision and accuracy combined with accessibility and comparatively low cost of common apparatus. Many papers for determination of sartans in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations based on liquid chromatographic techniques were published in the available literature. Among these methods, HPLC takes the leading place but UPLC and HPTLC are also present. Conclusion: The widespread use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension requires reliable methods of analysis. Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations should be analyzed to ensure the quality of the medicinal products reaching patients. On the other hand, the analysis of drugs in biological fluids aims to trace and improve patient care by adjusting the therapeutic doses of drugs. Since 2014, many articles have been published on the sartans analysis and this provoked our interest to summarize the latest applications in the analysis of sartans in pharmaceutical formulations and biological media. Articles published from 2014 to 2018 are covered.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a bioanalytical LC-UV method with solid-phase extraction for determination of valproic acid in saliva

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Tonic-Ribarska ◽  
Arlinda Haxhiu ◽  
Zoran Sterjev ◽  
Gordana Kiteva ◽  
Ljubica Suturkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Free Drug Concentration ◽  
Development And Validation

Development and validation of a bioanalytical LC-UV method with solid-phase extraction for determination of valproic acid in saliva A bioanalytical HPLC method with UV detection for the determination of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid in human saliva has been developed and validated. Saliva represents an alternative matrix for therapeutic monitoring of antiepileptic drugs due to the increasing interest in free drug concentration. The proposed method involved solid-phase extraction for sample preparation and yielded very good mean recoveries of 99.4 % and 97.9 % for valproic acid and IS, respectively. The calibration function for valproic acid was linear over the concentration range of 1.0-50.0 μg mL-1 (R2 = 0.9989). Within-run and between-run precision and accuracy were studied at four concentrations and RSDs were less than 7.3 and 2.2 %, while accuracy values were higher than 96.8 and 97.5 %, respectively. The described method provides sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and is suitable for analyses of valproic acid in saliva samples.

Identification of N-Monoacetylcystine in Uraemic Plasma

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gejyo ◽  
G. Ito ◽  
Y. Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Homocysteic Acid ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Acidic Nature ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids

1. An unidentified ninhydrin-positive substance of an acidic nature was detected in the plasma of uraemic patients. This substance was isolated from haemodialysate by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, and identified as a sulphur-containing amino acid: N-monoacetylcystine. 2. The quantitative determination of sulphur amino acids in plasma revealed that the plasma levels of cysteic acid, homocysteic acid, taurine, cystine and cystathionine as well as N-monoacetylcystine in uraemic patients were markedly higher than in normal subjects (P < 0.001 for each). However, the plasma levels of methionine in uraemic patients were within normal limits.

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