On the Basin of the Firth of Forth, and some of its Geological Phenomena

1869 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 550-553
Author(s):  
David Milne-Home
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
General Direction ◽  
The North ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Firth Of Forth

I. An account was given of the dimensions of the estuary, in respect of length, width, and depth; and also of the general direction of the axis of the estuary.II. It was next shown that the formation of the estuary was probably due to the great geological fractures and dislocations which had taken place in this part of Scotland, inasmuch as the direction of these was parallel, or nearly so, to the axis of the estuary, and as the downcasts in the adjoining counties on the north and the south were all towards the estuary, thus producing a trough or valley, deep enough to be entered and filled by the sea.

scholarly journals Bioclimatic Impact on the Carob Seeds Morphological Diversity in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-217
Author(s):  
Foughali Boubkar ◽  
Fghire Rachid ◽  
Anaya Fatima ◽  
Issa Ali Oudou ◽  
Tahrouch Saadia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
The South ◽  
Rainfall Gradient ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
The North ◽  
Carob Tree ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua L

The carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua L., a typical thermophilic sclerophyllous species, is a multipurpose tree (agronomic, silvicultural and pastoral) with aromatic and medicinal properties. Due to its geographical distribution, it occupies different countries of the Mediterranean. In Morocco, this species spreads over the different bioclimatic from the arid in the south to the humid in the north. The present work, study the morphological diversity of the seeds of five carob tree ecotypes distributed along a rainfall gradient (from the arid in the south to the humid one towards the north of the country). The shape parameters studied are the length, width, thickness, weight, volume and density of the seeds.The results obtained show that the carob tree ecotypes are characterized by significant differences in the different morphological parameters of the seeds among the five ecotypes studied. Indeed, dry land seeds are generally reduced in length, volume and weight, while those in humid regions are larger in weight and size. Those of the dry sowing areas have moderate parameters. The variance analysis shows that the origin of the ecotypes hada significant effect on the various shape parameters. Moreover, the multiple comparison of averages revealed different distinct groups. ACP analysis revealed that seed weight and volume is strongly correlated with the first component (the bioclimatic origin and the annual rainfall of the site of origin). While the second component corresponds to the parameters of length, width and thickness of the seeds. As for the factor 3, it corresponds to the density of the seeds which is not dependent on the other variables.In terms of conclusion, it is deduced that in Morocco, the carob tree seeds are characterized by a large morphological diversity which varies according to the rainfall gradient.

scholarly journals Tectonic structure and volcanic centers at the eastern edge of the aegean volcanic arc around Nisyros island

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. PAPANIKOLAOU ◽  
P. NOMIKOU
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Recent Volcanic Activity ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
The South ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Volcanic Arc ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Edge

The recent volcanic activity at the eastern edge of the Aegean Volcanic Arc is limited within a neotectonic graben structure which is developed in an E-W general direction between the alpine basement of Kos Island to the north and the alpine basement of Tilos Island to the south. In between the boundary faults of the neotectonic graben there is an extended volcanic area comprising several individual volcanic centers, which penetrate through the thick post-alpine sedimentary deposits of the graben.

scholarly journals XII.—On the Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks of the Basin of the Firth of Forth—their Structure in the Field and under the Microscope

1880 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 437-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geikie
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Firth Of Forth

The geographical area embraced in the present memoir forms a well-marked basin traversed along its centre by the estuary of the Forth. It is bounded on the north by the chain of the Ochil Hills, on the south by the range of the Pentland and Lammermuir uplands. Towards the west it joins along a low watershed the basin of the Clyde, while eastwards it dips under the waters of the North Sea. Within this defined space the Carboniferous rocks occupy what may be described as one great synclinal trough, varied by innumerable smaller synclines and anticlines. Save where cut out by powerful dislocations, their lower members rise up along the margins of the basin, while their highest portions cover a smaller area in the centre. The older formations forming the northern and southern boundaries of the area belong chiefly to the Lower Old Red Sandstone, in the Lammermuir district to the Lower Silurian. The Carboniferous rocks everywhere rest upon them unconformably.

3. Notice of a Remarkable Mirage Observed in the Firth of Forth

1869 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 472-475
Author(s):  
Christison
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Severe Thunderstorm ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Firth Of Forth

Some years ago, when visiting on the 31st of May the beautiful scenery of Dalmeny Park, I observed about three in the afternoon, from the terrace on which stand the ruins of Barenbougle Castle, some remarkable examples of mirage on the Firth of Forth which are perhaps worthy of record.The atmosphere was uncommonly clear in every direction, sunshiny, warm, calm; and what little wind there was came from the south west. But a black, sultry-looking cloud was forming at the same time in the north-west, from which in an hour and a half afterwards, as I was on my way home to town, a severe thunderstorm gradually spread south-eastward over the whole Firth and surrounding country.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

US and Russian policies and strategies in the Middle East: Iraq and Syria as a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽  
Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.

Depositional Environment Drive as Overpressure Generation: Study Case in “Gap” Field, North West Java Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A., C. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Burial History ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Geological Processes

Overpressure existence represents a geological hazard; therefore, an accurate pore pressure prediction is critical for well planning and drilling procedures, etc. Overpressure is a geological phenomenon usually generated by two mechanisms, loading (disequilibrium compaction) and unloading mechanisms (diagenesis and hydrocarbon generation) and they are all geological processes. This research was conducted based on analytical and descriptive methods integrated with well data including wireline log, laboratory test and well test data. This research was conducted based on quantitative estimate of pore pressures using the Eaton Method. The stages are determining shale intervals with GR logs, calculating vertical stress/overburden stress values, determining normal compaction trends, making cross plots of sonic logs against density logs, calculating geothermal gradients, analyzing hydrocarbon maturity, and calculating sedimentation rates with burial history. The research conducted an analysis method on the distribution of clay mineral composition to determine depositional environment and its relationship to overpressure. The wells include GAP-01, GAP-02, GAP-03, and GAP-04 which has an overpressure zone range at depth 8501-10988 ft. The pressure value within the 4 wells has a range between 4358-7451 Psi. Overpressure mechanism in the GAP field is caused by non-loading mechanism (clay mineral diagenesis and hydrocarbon maturation). Overpressure distribution is controlled by its stratigraphy. Therefore, it is possible overpressure is spread quite broadly, especially in the low morphology of the “GAP” Field. This relates to the delta depositional environment with thick shale. Based on clay minerals distribution, the northern part (GAP 02 & 03) has more clay mineral content compared to the south and this can be interpreted increasingly towards sea (low energy regime) and facies turned into pro-delta. Overpressure might be found shallower in the north than the south due to higher clay mineral content present to the north.

Observed seasonal regimes of North-South Atlantic Ocean interbasin exchange

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed D. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Volume Flux ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Interbasin Exchange ◽  
North And South

North and South Atlantic lateral volume exchange is a key component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) embedded in Earth’s climate. Northward AMOC heat transport within this exchange mitigates the large heat loss to the atmosphere in the northern North Atlantic. Because of inadequate climate data, observational basin-scale studies of net interbasin exchange between the North and South Atlantic have been limited. Here ten independent climate datasets, five satellite-derived and five analyses, are synthesized to show that North and South Atlantic climatological net lateral volume exchange is partitioned into two seasonal regimes. From late-May to late-November, net lateral volume flux is from the North to the South Atlantic; whereas from late-November to late-May, net lateral volume flux is from the South to the North Atlantic. This climatological characterization offers a framework for assessing seasonal variations in these basins and provides a constraint for climate models that simulate AMOC dynamics.

CONDITIONS FAVOURABLE FOR PROTECTION THE MARINE SHORE OF THE VISTULA SPIT AND SAMBIAN PENINSULA (THE BATIC SEA, KALININGRAD OBLAST) BY OFFSHORE DISPOSAL OF DREDGED MATERIAL

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Sokolov ◽  
Andrei Sokolov ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Boris Chubarenko
Keyword(s):  
Dredged Material ◽  
Vistula Lagoon ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
The South ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dumping Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Kaliningrad Oblast ◽  
Wind Actions ◽  
The Vistula Lagoon

Three dumping sites located at the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad Oblast) at shallow depths are considered. The first one is located to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet in front of a permanently eroded open marine shore segment. The second one is located to the north of the Vistula Lagoon inlet, and is used now for disposing of dredged material extracted from the Kaliningrad Seaway Canal. The third dumping site is located near the northern shore of the Sambian Peninsula to the east of the Cape Gvardeijski and assigned for disposing the dredged material extracted from the fairway to the Pionerskij Port located nearby. The last site is planned to be used for disposing of dredged material from the future port that should be constructed there before the beginning of the FIFA World Cup 2018. All three dumping sites are located not far from the eroded segments of the shore. The question behind the study is: would it possible that disposed material will naturally transported from the damping site to the shore and accumulate there to protect it from erosion? A numerical hydrodynamic-transport 3D model (MIKE) was used to model sediment transport under different wind actions. The winds with the speed stronger than 15 m/s complete wash out disposed material from the dumping site and spreading it over the wide area with a negligible layer thickness. Winds of about 7-10 m/s transport material along the shore at a distance of few kilometers that may be useful for shore protection. The first location of the dumping site (to the south of the Vistula Lagoon inlet) looks very ineffective for potential protection the shore nearby. At the other hand, the second and especially the third locations are favorable for transport of disposed material to the shore, the most favorable conditions are at onshore or alongshore currents.

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