Aircraft Separation Criteria for the S.S.T.

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Little
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Supersonic Transport ◽  
The North ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Separation Standards

The purpose of this paper is to discuss en-route separation criteria applicable to the supersonic transport. Separation standards are described; equations are given and analysed which show the factors influencing separation; finally, suggestions are made for a supersonic transport air traffic control system for the North Atlantic. The discussion is concerned with longitudinal and lateral en-route separation in a non-radar environment, as opposed to radar separation in the terminal areas. The terminal problems are so complex as to require separate consideration and have been investigated by other authors. An appendix on the derivation of equations expressing statistical parameters of errors and estimated aircraft separation has here been omitted.

Aeronautical Satellite Systems for Air Traffic Control and Communications in the European Environment

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (700) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
H. G. Leysieffer
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Traffic Surveillance ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
North Atlantic Area

The North Atlantic is increasingly developing into the main trade route of the age. Shipping, the pioneer along this highway of commerce, in the past decade has been joined by air traffic displaying a striking growth rate. Not only is the number of aircraft simultaneously plying the Atlantic routes constantly on the increase, but also the volume of passengers and freight transported on each flight. The question, whether such flow of traffic in the air and on water could be dealt with in future with the safety to which it is entitled, has led to world-wide discussions over the past few years concerning the necessity for an air traffic surveillance system for the North Atlantic area. A further question, whether one should not include also sea traffic in such a system suggested itself. The initiative for holding such discussions naturally proceeded less from air and shipping undertakings, but rather from those committees who are entrusted in supervising the safety in the conduct of man and merchandise.

Operating in the North Atlantic MNPS Airspace

1999 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Conor Whelan
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Performance Specification ◽  
The North ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Reporting Procedures

This paper considers the issue of operating aircraft through the North Atlantic's Minimum Navigation Performance Specification (MNPS) airspace. Noting that aircraft constantly strive for reduced fuel burn and uplift, it describes how flight operators and pilots conduct safe, efficient flights through the region. Reference is made to mechanisms of the North Atlantic MNPS airspace in terms of its Organized Track Structure and other routes that exist. These different structures emphasize the level of flexibility available. Flight planning procedures and requirements necessary to obtain oceanic Air Traffic Control (ATC) clearances are mentioned, as is an account of how communication and position reporting procedures operate to apply the Mach Number technique. Other aspects of MNPS operations such as ETOPS operational restrictions, meteorological effects, the employment of Reduced Vertical Separation Minima and planned regional changes aim to provide an overview of the MNPS system's current and future air traffic management.

scholarly journals Dead Reckoning Error over the North Atlantic

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
The North ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Direct Bearing ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Separation Standards

Air traffic controllers separate aircraft on the North Atlantic with reference to dead reckoning (D.R.) positions of aircraft. Two such D.R. positions are transmitted to a.t.c. regularly from each aircraft, one usually 10 to 30 minutes following a fix, the other one hour's run farther ahead. The accuracy of these positions is important, since it has a direct bearing on horizontal separation standards and optimum time between position reports.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN AREA TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM SEBAGAI IMPLEMENTASI TRANSPORTASI BERKELANJUTAN DI KOTA TEGAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Pipit Rusmandani ◽  
Riandy Sholeh Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Process Method

Abstract The position of Tegal City in the North Coast Line (Pantura) of Central Java is very strategic, because it is the Hinterland for the surrounding area. This requires good conditions of roads and intersections. In this study, an attempt was made to apply coordinated signalized intersections, using the Area Traffic Control System, for 4 selected intersections. There are 3 alternatives proposed, namely Alternative I, which uses the Area Traffic Control System, Alternative II, which is autonomous control of intersections, and Alternative III, which does not need to coordinate the intersection. By using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method, respondents' support for Alternative I is 61.01%, for Alternative II is 27.19%, and for Alternative III is 12.12%. Keywords: intersection, signalized intersection, coordinated intersections, Area Traffic Control System  Abstrak Posisi Kota Tegal yang berada di Jalur Pantai Utara (Pantura) Jawa Tengah sangat strategis, karena merupakan Hinterland bagi daerah di sekitarnya. Hal ini membutuhkan kondisi ruas jalan dan simpang yang baik. Pada studi ini dicoba untuk menerapkan simpang-simpang bersinyal yang terkoordinasi, dengan menggunakan Area Traffic Control System, pada 4 simpang yang dipilih. Terdapat 3 alternatif yang diusulkan, yaitu Alternatif I, yaitu menggunakan Area Traffic Control System, Alternatif II, yaitu pengendalian persimpangan secara otonom, dan Alternatif III, yaitu tidak perlu ada pengendalian persimpangan. Dengan menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process didapat dukungan responden untuk Alternatif I sebesar 61,01%, untuk Alternatif II sebesar 27,19%, dan untuk Alternatif III sebesar 12,16%. Kata-kata kunci: simpang, simpang bersinyal, pengendalian simpang, Area Traffic Control System

III—Dectra

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-405
Author(s):  
G. Hawker
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Main Route ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

Dectra (Decca Track/Range) is one of two British systems recommended at the March 1954. meeting of Com. Division of I.C.A.O. in Montreal for evaluation by interested States. Arrangements are now being made to commence proving trials of Dectra at the end of this year or possibly the beginning of 1957. The trials will be made under the auspices of the Ministry of Supply and Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation in this country and with the support of the Department of Transport in Newfoundland. The system is primarily designed for the navigation of fast jet aircraft across the North Atlantic, a problem intensified by air traffic control when more than 100 aircraft are in the air at the same time on those routes. It is, however, likely to prove valuable for other similar applications. The trials installation will cover the main route Prestwick–Gander.

Costing Air Traffic Control Deviations

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. W. Attwooll
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Transport Aircraft ◽  
Traffic Control System ◽  
Separation Standards

1. Introduction. An air traffic control system maintains adequate separation between aircraft by requiring some aircraft to deviate from the paths which they would otherwise follow. In the absence of such deviations it must be assumed that civil transport aircraft would choose to operate at the most economical combination of airspeed, track and altitude (within the limits set by inaccuracies of weather prediction); A.T.C. deviations therefore involve economic penalty to the operator. It is important to assess the magnitude of such penalties for two reasons:(a) To provide a yardstick by which to compare different A.T.C. systems.(b) To give a measure of how much might justifiably be spent on new systems and equipment, to enable separation standards (and hence the penalty of deviations) to be reduced without reduction in safety.

An A.T.C. Survey of North Atlantic Navigation Problems

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-436
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Technical Conference ◽  
Vertical Separation ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
The North ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Systems ◽  
Separation Standards

This paper discusses a method for determining the collision risk implicit in horizontal and vertical separation standards which has been developed in the U.K. in accordance with Recommendation 7/1 of the RAC/OPS Divisional meeting. The acceptable collision risk for the North Atlantic is assessed; this must be related to airworthiness criteria and an accident rate of one in ten million is adopted. It is concluded that no immediate change in separation standards can safely be made but that the standard of navigation should be improved to allow a 90 n.m. standard; that with more data a 1000- or 500-ft. vertical separation may prove to be safe; and that longitudinal separation standards require further study. The improvement in traffic capacity which would result from changes in separation standards is also considered.This and the following nine papers were presented at the 16th I.A.T.A. Technical Conference, of which a report appears opposite. An analysis of long-range air traffic systems made by the Mathematics Department of the Royal Aircraft Establishment for the Ministry of Aviation was presented in several preliminary papers at the Conference. These studies will be described in a series of papers specially prepared for the Journal.

An Ocean Platform and Submarine Cable System for the North Atlantic

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Submarine Cable ◽  
Communication Service ◽  
Cable System ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
The North ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Separation Standards

The paper proposes highly stable moored ocean platforms and a transatlantic submarine telephone cable to provide a reliable v.h.f. communication service and other A.T.C. facilities to civil aircraft on the main air routes across the North Atlantic. The main features of the platform and cable system are discussed and some idea of the time scale and costs is given.The planning of facilities needed to enable future operations over the North Atlantic to accommodate reduced separation standards and to satisfy the specialized requirements associated with operating S.S.T. aircraft has emphasized the present unsatisfactory standard of communication services in the area.

I—The Development of the Specification

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Brooker
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
North Atlantic Region ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Track System ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
The North Atlantic

Every day several hundred subsonic aircraft travel between the European and North American continents. Because of noise limitations at major airports, aircraft turn-around times and the time difference between the continents, the direction of the main traffic flow changes through the day. In the afternoon (GMT) the flow is predominantly westbound, while in the early hours of the morning the flow is predominantly eastbound. Oceanic air traffic control for the North Atlantic region has evolved into what is now known as the Organized Track System; traffic is divided into streams, each stream flying at a specified set of flight levels on one of several adjacent tracks. Figure 1 shows an example of the subsonic track system during the westbound peak. To secure operating economy the layout of the track system on any day is matched to the pattern of the upper winds.

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