On Your Watch: Automation on the Bridge

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Lützhöft ◽  
S. W. A. Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The Future ◽  
Machine Work ◽  
Increase Efficiency

In this paper, we discuss the grounding of the Royal Majesty, reconstructed from the perspective of the crew. The aim is particularly to understand the role of automation in shaping crew assessments and actions. Automation is often introduced because of quantitative promises that: it will reduce human error; reduce workload; and increase efficiency. But as demonstrated by the Royal Majesty, as well as by numerous research results, automation has qualitative consequences for human work and safety, and does not simply replace human work with machine work. Automation changes the task it was meant to support; it creates new error pathways, shifts consequences of error further into the future and delays opportunities for error detection and recovery. By going through the sequence of events that preceded the grounding of the Royal Majesty, we highlight the role that automation plays in the success and failure of navigation today. We then point to future directions on how to make automated systems into better team players.

scholarly journals Trusted Partners: Human-Machine Teaming and the Future of Military AI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Konaev ◽  
Tina Huang ◽  
Husanjot Chahal
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Future ◽  
The U.S

As the U.S. military integrates artificial intelligence into its systems and missions, there are outstanding questions about the role of trust in human-machine teams. This report examines the drivers and effects of such trust, assesses the risks from too much or too little trust in intelligent technologies, reviews efforts to build trustworthy AI systems, and offers future directions for research on trust relevant to the U.S. military.

scholarly journals Critical Race Media Literacy for These Urgent Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Tara J. Yosso
Keyword(s):  
Media Literacy ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Future

Tara J. Yosso reflects on the genealogies of her research on visual microaggressions and the future directions for critical race media literacy scholarship. She identifies a need for sustained attention in three areas: (1) intentionality of racial imagery, and recognition of media as pedagogy; (2) the role of history and the continuities of racial scripts applied against different groups; and (3) contestations of the White supremacist project across generations.

Valuing Interdisciplinary Collaborative Research

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Community Evaluation ◽  
The Uk

This book articulates what it is to do collaborative interdisciplinary research drawing on projects from the UK based Arts and Humanities Research Council funded Connected Communities programme. This book tells stories of the value of collaborative research between universities and communities. It offers a set of resources for people who are interested in doing interdisciplinary research across universities and communities. It provides a lexicon of key ideas that researchers might find useful when approaching this kind of work. The book aims to enhance ways of doing collaborative research in order to improve the ways in which that kind of research is practiced and understood. Nine chapters, based on particular projects, articulate this value in different ways drawing on different research paradigms. Chapters include discussions of tangible and intangible value, an articulation of performing and animation as forms of knowing, explorations of such initiatives as community evaluation, a project on the role of artists in collaborative projects and ways in which tools such as community evaluation, mapping and co-inquiry can aid communities and universities to work together. Chapters also focus on the translation of such research across borders and the legacy of such research within universities and communities. The book ends by mapping the future directions of such research.

scholarly journals Az elektronikus kereskedelem alkalmazása a hazai vállalatok körében - a piacorientáció és a marketingkörnyezet szerepe (E-commerce practises of the Hungarian companies – Role of market orientation and marketing environment)

2012 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Krisztina Kolos ◽  
Mirkó Gáti
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Internet Applications ◽  
Marketing Environment ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

A szerzők tanulmányának célja, hogy bemutassa, milyen célokra alkalmazzák az internetet a hazai vállalatok, milyen várakozásaik vannak az e-kereskedelem versenyben betöltött szerepével kapcsolatban, és hogyan észlelik annak előnyeit. Vizsgálják azt is, hogy az elmúlt öt évben milyen változások tapasztalhatók a vállalatok gyakorlatában e téren. Elemzik továbbá, hogy a piacorientáció és a vállalat külső marketingkörnyezete hogyan befolyásolja az e-kereskedelem megítélését és alkalmazását. Elemzésük a "Versenyben a világgal" kutatási program 2009-ben készült felmérésének eredményeire támaszkodik, amelyben 300 vállalat szakembereit kérdezték meg. Kutatásukban megerősítést nyert, hogy Magyarországon az elektronikus kereskedelem jelentősége nő. A vállalatoknak kedvezőek az elektronikus kereskedelem jövőjével kapcsolatos várakozásaik, és úgy vélik, hogy ez versenyelőny forrása lehet. A vállalat piacorientációja erőteljesen befolyásolja azt, hogy egy vállalat milyen mértékben alkalmazza az internetet, és hogyan viszonyul az elektronikus kereskedelemhez / === / The objective of the authors’ research is to show how internet is used among Hungarian companies, to analyse their expectations with regard of the role e-commerce plays in competition, and the benefits resulting from e-commerce. They also focus on the changes that have taken place the past five years in the practice of Hungarian companies. The authors investigate how market orientation and the external marketing environment of firms influence evaluations of e-commerce and its implementation. Their analysis is based on the results of the research program „Competing with the world” , which includes the answers of 300 companies. Their research results confirm that the importance of e-commerce is growing in Hungary and overall Hungarian firms have positive expectations with regard of the future of e-commerce and consider it a source of competitive advantage. Market orientation of the firm strongly influences the extent of internet applications and attitudes toward ecommerce.

The Role of Defense in Shaping U.S. Intelligence Reform

2010 ◽  
pp. 628-639
Author(s):  
James R. Clapper
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Intelligence Reform ◽  
The Future ◽  
Defense Intelligence

This article discusses the intelligence-reform movement since the 9/11 attack. It particularly places emphasis on Defense Intelligence reforms. The article also explores the role of the Defense Intelligence in shaping and implementing law and executive guidance and policy. It also discusses how long-term, trusted relationships between key intelligence officials in place during 2007 to 2008 were a critical factor in events moving successfully through a number of contentious policy issues. The article ends with some views on the future directions of research in this field in order to bring the intelligence-reform movement to fruition.

The Future of Relational Aggression, and Final Remarks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie M. Ostrov ◽  
Sarah M. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Future ◽  
Aggression Subtypes

The rapid escalation of research on the development of relational aggression and related constructs has been truly remarkable. Our volume is designed to fill a void in the literature and focus on the development of relational aggression. We conclude this volume by first reviewing some of the key points and implications from the prior chapters. Next, we discuss five future directions for the field: (1) conducting long-term longitudinal studies and adopting a lifespan perspective, (2) striving for advances in methods and technology, (3) using advanced statistics to address collinearity and co-occurrence among aggression subtypes, (4) exploring the role of other forms of aggression, and (5) embracing replication. Finally, we provide some concluding thoughts.

Finding the future: The role of the International Maritime History Association

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-369
Author(s):  
Malcolm Tull
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

The aim of this paper is to review the state of the International Maritime History Association (IMHA) and to consider its future directions. First, it outlines the history of the organisation; second, it considers the challenges facing the IMHA today; and finally it offers some preliminary ideas about planning for the future.

The Evolving Role of Automation in Transportation

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1971-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Allahyar ◽  
Ensar Becic ◽  
Sheryl Chappell ◽  
Donald Fisher ◽  
Maura Lohrenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Automated Systems

Automation is not only in our future, it is already here. This has long been the case for aviation (FAA). But it is increasingly the case for our highly connected systems of vehicles (NHTSA), highways (FHWA), and railroads (FRA). Clearly we must educate the operators about the capabilities and limitations of these new automated systems (NTSB). The purpose of this panel is to share, at this critical point in the development of automation, the knowledge that has been gained across the different modes of transportation about how best to develop systems that may help reduce the approximately 94% of crashes attributed to human error. The five presenters (Allahyar, Becic, Chappell, Monk, and Philips) come from the different modes and have been centrally involved in the efforts to understand the role of the human operator in automated systems. Active engagement with the audience is expected.

scholarly journals NEONATICIDE

2017 ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Iva Antić
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
General Public ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
The Future ◽  
Newborn Child ◽  
The Subject

Murder is undoubtedly the most difficult and most far-reaching consequence of criminal activity which deserves considerable attention of professional and general public alike. As a rule, the role of killers is usually attributed to men while women are more frequently seen as victims, which does not fully correspond to social reality. In that context, the subject matter of this paper is neonaticide, as a type of homicide typically committed by women. The author examines the historical, criminal and criminological aspects of this crime in an endeavour to determine a typical profile of a woman who kills her newborn child. The research results confirm the terrifying facts that the criminal act of neonaticide may be committed by any woman, whereby some women prove to be more prone to killing their children than others. For this reason, the author explores the distinctive characteristics of women who commit neonaticide, which distinguish them from other women-murderers. The ultimate goal of this paper is to draw attention of primarily professional public to this interesting and insufficiently researched topic and to emphasize the need for its more comprehensive examination in the future.

scholarly journals Changing Focuses Through the Progression of Hungarian Water Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4. ksz.) ◽  
pp. 68-84
Author(s):  
Tamás Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Hydrological Extremes ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Complex Planning

Hungary is one of the best examples to represent the manifestation of hydrological extremes. Studying the history of Hungarian water management and examining our present show how water management has developed. As time passes, changing job scopes and the expansion of available tools are recognisable. During the development, water management experts have been heading from ad hoc interventions to coordinated complex planning and in the meanwhile the process shows in which direction the focus points have changed. The aim of this paper is to explore the way Hungarian water management is heading under the changing circumstances. It examines the place and role of Hungary in the development of water management. The author researches the correctness of the direction of development and the change of focus points in comparison with other countries. Building on past experiences, this paper seeks the answer for the question how water management will be in the future. Research results provide guidance on how Hungarian water management can be at the forefront of future modern water management.

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