scholarly journals Opportunities and constraints for implementing integrated land–sea management on islands

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
STACY D. JUPITER ◽  
AMELIA WENGER ◽  
CARISSA J. KLEIN ◽  
SIMON ALBERT ◽  
SANGEETA MANGUBHAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Stakeholder Interests ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

SUMMARYDespite a growing body of literature on integrated land–sea management (ILSM), very little critical assessment has been conducted in order to evaluate ILSM in practice on island systems. Here we develop indicators for assessing 10 integrated island management principles and evaluate the performance of planning and implementation in four island ILSM projects from the tropical Pacific across different governance structures. We find that where customary governance is still strongly respected and enabled through national legislation, ILSM in practice can be very effective at restricting access and use according to fluctuations in resource availability. However, decision-making under customary governance systems may be vulnerable to mismanagement. Government-led ILSM processes have the potential to design management actions that address the spatial scale of ecosystem processes and threats within the context of national policy and legislation, but may not fully capture broad stakeholder interests, and implementation may be poorly coordinated across highly dispersed island archipelagos. Private sector partnerships offer unique opportunities for resourcing island ILSM, although these are highly likely to be geared towards private sector interests that may change in the future and no longer align with community and/or national objectives. We identify consistent challenges that arise during island ILSM planning and implementation and offer recommendations for improvement.

Urbanization and stream ecosystems: the role of flow hydraulics towards an improved understanding in addressing urban stream degradation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Ofosu Anim ◽  
Patrick Banahene
Keyword(s):  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Stream Management ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Ecological Objectives

Catchment urbanization is widely recognised as a primary driver of stream degradation by increasing stormwater runoff causing major changes to key ecosystem processes. Reinstating the ‘natural’ hydrogeomorphic conditions is central in designing successful, self-sustaining restoration actions. However, addressing urban stream degradation by re-establishing the hydrogeomorphic conditions remains a challenge and comparatively limited measurable progress has been observed particularly achieving ecological objectives. This paper articulates that stream restoration goals might be better achieved when management measures take a broader approach that considers anticipated hydraulic conditions effects that liaise relationships between flow and ecology. The study argues that fluvial systems are characterised by complex and dynamic ecosystem processes primarily governed by the hydraulic conditions (e.g. velocity, depth, shear stress), thus, as the practice of addressing urban stream restoration becomes increasingly common, it is critical to explore and understand the anticipated response of the hydraulic conditions. This paper describes how hydraulic regime consideration provides further opportunity for a holistic approach to urban stream management given their capacity to account for multiple ecological and geomorphic objectives. The paper suggests that developing suitable flow-biota-ecosystem processes nexus is critical towards addressing urban stream degradation and hydraulic consideration in restoration actions provide an important step towards that. The paper discusses opportunities to evolve management actions to achieve restoration goals by highlighting how the management of the two key levers (addressing altered flow regime and morphology) to improve the hydraulic conditions can help to address the urban stream disturbance.

Benthic Habitats and the Effects of Fishing

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Benthic Habitats ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Ecosystem Effects ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

<strong><em>Abstract. </em></strong>We review the impacts of towed gears on benthic habitats and communities and predict the consequences of these impacts for ecosystem processes. Our emphasis is on the additive and synergistic large-scale effects of fishing, and we assess how changes in the distribution of fishing activity following management action are likely to affect production, turnover time, and nutrient fluxes in ecosystems. Analyses of the large-scale effects of fishing disturbance show that the initial effects of fishing on a habitat have greater ecosystem consequences than repeated fishing in fished areas. As a result, patchy fishing effort distributions have lower total impacts on the ecosystem than random or uniform effort distributions. In most fisheries, the distribution of annual fishing effort within habitats is more patchy than random, and patterns of effort are maintained from year to year. Our analyses suggest that many vulnerable species and habitats have only persisted in heavily fished ecosystems because effort is patchy. Ecosystem-based fisheries management involves taking account of the ecosystem effects of fishing when setting management objectives. One step that can be taken toward ecosystem-based fisheries management is to make an a priori assessment of the ecosystem effects of proposed management actions such as catch controls, effort controls, and technical measures. We suggest a process for predicting the ecosystem consequences of management action. This requires information on habitat distributions, models to predict changes in the spatial distribution of fleets following management action, and models of the impacts of trawling disturbance on ecosystem processes. For each proposed management action, the change in disturbance affecting different habitat types would be predicted and used to forecast the consequences for the ecosystem. These simulations would be used to produce a decision table, quantifying the consequences of alternative management actions. Actions that minimize the ecosystem effects of fishing could then be identified. In data-poor situations, we suggest that management strategies that maintain or maximize the patchiness of effort within habitat types are more consistent with the precautionary approach than those that lead to more uniform fishing effort distributions.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Corporate Governance in Uganda: The Case of Private Companies

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lwanga ◽  
Doreen Basemera
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Corporate Governance System ◽  
Ethnographic Observation ◽  
Key Issues

This paper examines the effectiveness of rules, procedures and Acts as instruments of corporate governance in Uganda, with interest in the performance of private companies. An extensive review of literature and ethnographic observation of the dynamic of corporate governance in private companies indicate that much as the private companies have adopted a hybrid regulatory framework of corporate governance, loopholes do still exist that have hindered the effectiveness  of these instrument in the performance of private companies. Therefore there is need for strengthening corporate governance systems; however some of the weakness are attributed to the unsolved debate on key issues of corporate governance globally that trickles down to Uganda’s young corporate governance system in the private sector.

Citizen-Centric Service Dimensions of Indian Rural E-Governance Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 105-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harekrishna Misra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Livelihood Security ◽  
Governance Systems

E-governance systems in India have witnessed prolific advancement over the years. India has strategically adopted e-governance as a part of its policy. In recent times each state has its own e-governance plan to deliver services as planned. National policy also aims to provide formalized services across the nation while recognizing the importance of state specific services. This approach includes various mission mode projects under national e-governance plan (NeGP). Manifestation of such approach has resulted in 100,000 common service centers (CSC) in rural areas. It is expected that rural citizens would find them useful and it may contribute for effective governance. In this chapter it is argued that such an initiative would be successful if rural citizens find these CSCs useful for their livelihood security. Various dimensions of this phenomenon are also examined through some cases in this chapter to understand their contributions to successful CSCs in India.

scholarly journals Key technology and evaluation management of Green Power Grid construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 01043
Author(s):  
Qiang Sun ◽  
Zhenhua Cai ◽  
Yangfan Liu ◽  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Power Grid ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Green Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strong Measure ◽  
Grid Construction ◽  
Building Standards

The construction of Green Power Grid is not only a strong measure responding to national policy to build beautiful China for power grid enterprises, but also one of the social responsibilities they should take. Combining both domestic and international green building standards, this paper is aimed to introduce and summarize the design management, investment research and post-evaluation management in the construction of Green Power Grid of Guangdong Power Grid Corporation.

scholarly journals Effects Of Auditors’ Culpability On Creative Accounting In Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Tunde Charles Ojuolape ◽  
Tony Mofehintolu Akinnola
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Reasonable Care ◽  
Creative Accounting ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Principle Of Objectivity

The study examined the effects of auditors’ culpability on creative accounting in Southwest Nigeria. The study employed questionnaire to gather data from 66 managers and 66 accountants. The study was analysed with the use of descriptive statistics and One Way Analysis of Variance to test the hypotheses of the study. The study found that auditors’ culpability has no effect on creative accounting in private sector in Nigeria. The study revealed that that the reasons for statutory auditors engaging in creative accounting practices have effect on the practice of creative accounting in Nigeria. The study recommends that accountants should uphold high ethical standards and maintain integrity in all their professional dealings. Accountants should not allow personal prejudice or bias to override the principle of objectivity, transparency and due diligence in the profession. Auditors must not only develop questioning mind, skill for critical assessment of audit evidence but must also exercise these skills with reasonable care and diligence.

scholarly journals Public Policies in the Field of Advanced Materials: International Tendencies and Subsidies to the National Policy for Advanced Materials in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Felipe Silva Bellucci ◽  
Maria Carlota Souza Paula
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
A Priority

Currently, advanced materials are a source of the interest for private sector, since they are regarded as the foundation for the promotion of technology-based innovation and, also, because they have the potential to add value and competitive differential. Considering the efforts of the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications, which has established advanced materials as a priority, this work presents an analysis of the most important international public policies in the field of advanced materials, thus identifying their main characteristics, tendencies and priorities, with intent of subsidizing the devising of a National Plan for Advanced Materials in Brazil.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMICS OF NEW DEVELOPMENTALISM: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (317) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Thomas Palley
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Development Process ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Development Perspective

<p>This paper critically assesses the economics of New Developmentalism (ND). It begins by identifying and formalizing the principal components of ND which are identified as neutralizing Dutch disease, ending growth with foreign saving, development driven by a technologically advanced and internationally competitive manufacturing private sector, and getting macroeconomic prices right. It then examines four strands of critique consisting of internal economic logic critiques, Classical Developmentalism (CD) critiques, Keynesian and Neo-Kaleckian critiques, and the fighting the last war critique. To this author, ND is best understood as a Third Way styled analysis that blends CD heterodoxy and Neoliberalism. However, ND’s substantive policy recommendations lean in the Neoliberal direction, particularly as regards budget deficits and state intervention in the development process. From a Classical Development perspective, the problematic of development cannot be solved as easily as suggested by ND.</p><p> </p><p align="center">LA ECONOMÍA DEL NUEVO DESARROLLISMO: UNA EVALUACIÓN CRÍTICA</p><p align="center"><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p>En este artículo evalúo de forma crítica la economía del nuevo desarrollismo (ND). Comienza por identificar y formalizar los principales componentes del ND descritos por la neutralización de la enfermedad holandesa, la eliminación del crecimiento con ahorro externo, el desarrollo motivado por un sector manufacturero privado tecnológicamente avanzado y competitivo a nivel internacional y el establecimiento de precios macroeconómicos correctos. Posteriormente examino cuatro aspectos consistentes en la crítica de la lógica económica interna, la crítica del desarrollismo clásico (DC), las críticas keynesiana y neokaleckiana y la lucha de la crítica de la última guerra. El ND se entiende mejor como un análisis estilizado de tercera vía que combina heterodoxia y neoliberalismo. Sin embargo, sus recomendaciones de política sustantivas se inclinan en dirección neoliberal, en particular en lo que se refiere a los déficit fiscales y a la intervención del Estado en el proceso de desarrollo. Desde la perspectiva del desarrollo clásico, la problemática del desarrollo no puede resolverse de forma tan fácil como sugiere el ND.</p>

Working with the private sector in aquaculture development - the experience of GNAEP.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshad Mowhila
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Giant Freshwater Prawn

Abstract Since 2002 the Greater Noakhali Aquaculture Extension Project (GNAEP) has been promoting rice-prawn (giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii) culture as a means of adding value to small-scale aquaculture systems in southeast Bangladesh. Over a period of two years there has been a rapid expansion of this culture system, crucial to which has been the development of partnerships between GNAEP and the private sector. Through a process of dialogue and confidence building, GNAEP has persuaded local businessmen to invest in prawn hatcheries, manufacture of fish meal (ground, sun-dried fish) bought directly from artisanal fishermen on Hatiya Island and in setting up a prawn purchasing center. These partnerships have supported the Project's primary objective of improving the livelihoods of the rural poor, through ensuring supplies of cheap post-larvae, partly as credit in kind, to farmers, through releasing poor fishermen from exploitative relationships with local money lenders and through creating competition in the local market. The influence of the private sector on local and national policy makers has been another advantage from the system.

Citizen-Centric Service Dimensions of Indian Rural E-Governance Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 35-56
Author(s):  
Harekrishna Misra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Livelihood Security ◽  
Governance Systems

E-governance systems in India have witnessed prolific advancement over the years. India has strategically adopted e-governance as a part of its policy. In recent times each state has its own e-governance plan to deliver services as planned. National policy also aims to provide formalized services across the nation while recognizing the importance of state specific services. This approach includes various mission mode projects under national e-governance plan (NeGP). Manifestation of such approach has resulted in 100,000 common service centers (CSC) in rural areas. It is expected that rural citizens would find them useful and it may contribute for effective governance. In this chapter it is argued that such an initiative would be successful if rural citizens find these CSCs useful for their livelihood security. Various dimensions of this phenomenon are also examined through some cases in this chapter to understand their contributions to successful CSCs in India.

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