Using GIS to identify under-represented ecosystems in the National Wilderness Preservation System in the USA

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN LOOMIS ◽  
J. CHRIS ECHOHAWK
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Wilderness Preservation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Allocation Strategies

Wilderness designation continues to be a contentious effort and must be fully justified even in wealthy countries such as the USA. An important consideration in setting priorities for additional designations of Wilderness is to ensure that under-represented ecosystems are protected. The utility of Geographic Information Systems in performing this task is illustrated using data on ecoregions and areas in the National Wilderness Preservation System to determine the relative protection currently afforded to different ecoregions in the continental USA. We find that 23 of the 35 ecoregions have less than 1% of their land area protected as Wilderness, and 7 of the 35 have no land protected as Wilderness whatsoever. While much of the land with little protection is in areas dominated by private land ownership in the mid-west and southeast, a surprisingly large amount of land in the Intermountain states of Nevada and Utah, which is in public ownership, is substantially under-represented in the National Wilderness Preservation System as well. The implications of this analysis for wilderness allocation strategies are detailed. The technique illustrated in this paper is a useful aid in designing protected area strategies in countries throughout the world.

scholarly journals Adaptability of Cattle Raising to Multiple Stressors in the Dry Tropics of Chiapas, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Roberto Aguilar Jimenez ◽  
Jose Nahed Toral ◽  
Manuel Roberto Parra Vazquez ◽  
Francisco Guevara Hernandez ◽  
Lucio Pat Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Dry Tropics

Using the sustainable livelihoods analytical framework, adaptability of cattle raising to multiple stressors (e.g. climate change and market conditions) in the dry tropics of Chiapas, Mexico was evaluated. Three case studies located in the Frailesca region of Chiapas were analyzed: (I) peasant cattle raising in a rural village in the Frailesca Valley; (II) peasant cattle raising in a rural village in a natural protected area in the Frailesca Highlands; and (III) holistic cattle raising by farmers with private land ownership in the Frailesca Valley. Adaptability was evaluated using an index on a scale of one to a hundred; average values were: case I = 20.9 ± 1.4; case II = 32.1 ± 1.8; and case III = 63.6 ± 3.5. In order to increase farms adaptability and reduce the vulnerability of cattle raising families, there is a need to modify public policy to take into account the conditions of the most vulnerable farmers (cases I and II). Given the economic, environmental, and social context of Mexico´s dry tropics, establishing ecological or organic cattle raising and silvopastoral systems may reduce the vulnerability of farm families and increase their level of adaptability of their farms to multiple stressors.

scholarly journals Carbon nanostructures: scientometric analysis for 2000-2015 (part 1)

Bibliosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
A. I. Terekhov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Scientific Excellence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Science Citation Index Expanded ◽  
Highly Cited

The article presents a scientometric analysis of the development of the carbon nanotechnology (NT) direction for 2000-2015 with the participation of 30 most active countries. It shows shifting the world research center to the Asian region, both on volume and quality indicators. Using the concept of a national research portfolio gives deep characteristics of different countries behavior in the course of scientific rivalry. Due to the strong skewness of the citation distributions, preference is given to the percentile-based indicators, such as: the contribution of a country to the world top-10% (top-1%) of the most highly cited publications, the share of such publications in the country's total output, the highly cited papers index, etc. Relying on them, the author fully discloses the scientific «offensive» of the «newcomer» countries on the «incumbents» ones (e.g. China on the USA, South Korea on Germany, Iran on Russia), the phenomenon of Singapore as an effective producer of highly cited publications on the carbon nanostructures, and international co-authorship in the top-1% segment of the most cited articles. Russia's positions are studied in detail, the main domestic research participants are established, and based on bibliometric criteria the center of scientific excellence in the field of graphene is identified. The paper characterizes the supporting role of a number of national science foundations in the NT carbon direction development using data of WoS. The author used the Science Citation Index Expanded database for the initial bibliographic sampling; information of science foundations of Russia and the USA, as well as patent organizations of Russia (Rospatent) and the world (WIPO) for additional comparison.

scholarly journals MITIGATING DRINKING WATER CRISIS IN TAMIL NADU

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 301-317
Author(s):  
K. Sivasubramaniyan ◽  
S. Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
World Population ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Run Off ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Annual Water

India is the fifth largest country in terms of area in the world. It has 3.288 million sq. km. The first four largest countries are: Russia (17.075 m.sq.km); the USA (9.629 m.sq.km); China (9.597 m.sq.km); and Brazil (8.512 m.sq.km). Population wise, India ranks second in the world. As on 18.08.2019 India’s population is 1365.3 million and World population is 7676.6 million (indiastat.com). That is, India has 17.8% of the world population. As far as Tamil Nadu is concerned, its population in 2011 was 72.14 million and it increased to 81.20 million in 2019. As far as the world water resources is concerned, the 29% of land area has one lakh KM3 of fresh water, in which about 60% goes as evaporation annually. The remaining 40%, i.e. 40,000 KM3 goes as run-off by rivers and percolation to groundwater in the world. India’s share is 4% of world supply that is 4000 KM3. It is estimated in India, 51% of precipitation goes as evaporation and the remaining 49% is the annual water resources that is 1953 KM3. This is divided as 1521 KM3 (78%) as surface water and 432 KM3 (22%) as groundwater resource. From this quantum, the annual utilizable water is calculated as 1086 KM3 (690 KM3 as surface water and 396 KM3 as groundwater). However, the present quantity of water use is only 600 KM3 from both surface and groundwater resources. This is only 31% of annual water resources (for details see chart 1). If, available quantity is prudently used India can solve many water related problems.

scholarly journals An Academic Analysis of Demarcation and Ownership of Land in Hinduism

2017 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Anees Khan ◽  
Dr. Hafiz Nasir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Religious Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Half Power ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
State Interference

Land ownership is considered as a human right under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and is recognized as a basic right in the modern world. It remains one of the most controversial issue throughout history, always in need of an appropriate definition suited to a nation’s political, social and economic conditions.While all liberal laws allow for certain reasonable restrictions on an absolute right to property for some public good, the challenge facing every country is where to draw the line against state interference into a person’s right to own and enjoy property. Especially in the modern world countries required more food production and the problem is that, some people have so much land area, and that a significant part of their lands is out of their power to cultivate accurately. Due to this reason much of land area remains barren. And in the other side some farmers who have not enough land, their half-power spend without receiving any fruit. Religion plays a Vitol role in this area, if the followers of that religion follow such rules with honesty. In non-Semitic religions Hinduism is one of the largest religion of the world with a rich culture and religious practices. This research paper will explain religious law about the ownership of land in Hinduism. Keywords: Hinduism, Property, Manu, Mahabhar’at, Landownership

scholarly journals Are tidal predictions a good guide to future extremes? – a critique of the Witness King Tides Project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hunter
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Good Guide ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. An analysis of the viability of the Witness King Tides Project (hereafter called WKT) using data from the GESLA-2 database of quasi-global tide-gauge records is described. The results indicate regions of the world where WKT should perform well (e.g. the west coast of the USA) and others where it would not (e.g. the east coast of North America). Recommendations are made both for assessments that should be made prior to a WKT project, and also for an alternative to WKT projects.

Post-materialism’s Social Class Divide: Experiences and Life Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 097168582094618
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Silent Revolution ◽  
Material Values

Over last half of the twentieth century, a silent revolution in post-material values made significant advances around the world. The formation of post-material values also resulted in expanded participation in post-material experiences such as joining voluntary groups, pursuing creativity and independence in the world of work, and engaging in political actions—experiences that go beyond a strict focus on accumulating economic wealth and material possessions. Because social class position matters for being a post-materialist, a class divide exists between middle-class post-materialists and working-class materialists who occupy the lower end of the social class spectrum. This article will show that such a divide occurs, first for participation in post-material experiences and second for the attainment of life satisfaction. Using data from the World Values Survey, evidence will be provided in this article showing that members of the working class participate less in post-material experiences than others and, as a consequence, enjoy lower life satisfaction than others, especially post-materialists. In light of working-class-supported right-wing populism’s recent emergence in the USA and Europe, this social class divide takes on a special significance in explaining shifting trends in politics and public policy.

scholarly journals Carbon nanostructures: scientometric analysis for 2000-2015 (Part 3)

Bibliosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
A. I. Terekhov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Scientific Excellence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Science Citation Index Expanded ◽  
Highly Cited

The article presents a scientometric analysis of the development of the carbon nanotechnology (NT) direction for 2000-2015 with the participation of 30 most active countries. It shows shifting the world research center to the Asian region, both on volume and quality indicators. Using the concept of a national research portfolio gives deep characteristics of different countries behavior in the course of scientific rivalry. Due to the strong skewness of the citation distributions, preference is given to the percentile-based indicators, such as: the contribution of a country to the world top-10% (top-1%) of the most highly cited publications, the share of such publications in the country's total output, the highly cited papers index, etc. Relying on them, the author fully discloses the scientific «offensive» of the «newcomer» countries on the «incumbents» ones (e.g. China on the USA, South Korea on Germany, Iran on Russia), the phenomenon of Singapore as an effective producer of highly cited publications on the carbon nanostructures, and international co-authorship in the top-1% segment of the most cited articles. Russia's positions are studied in detail, the main domestic research participants are established, and based on bibliometric criteria the center of scientific excellence in the field of graphene is identified. The paper characterizes the supporting role of a number of national science foundations in the NT carbon direction development using data of WoS. The author used the Science Citation Index Expanded database for the initial bibliographic sampling; information of science foundations of Russia and the USA, as well as patent organizations of Russia (Rospatent) and the world (WIPO) for additional comparison.

scholarly journals Are tidal predictions a good guide to future extremes? – a critique of the Witness King Tides project

Ocean Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-714
Author(s):  
John Hunter
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Good Guide ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. An analysis of the viability of the Witness King Tides project (hereafter called WKT) using data from the GESLA-2 database of quasi-global tide-gauge records is described. The results indicate regions of the world where a key criterion for a WKT project (that it be executed on a day of unusually high sea level) would likely be met (e.g. the west coast of the USA) and others where it would not (e.g. the east coast of North America). Recommendations are made both for assessments that should be made prior to a WKT project and also for an alternative to WKT projects.

scholarly journals How is economic hardship avoided by those retiring before the Social Security entitlement age?

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEVIN MILLIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Economic Hardship ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Retirement Benefit ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Retirement Study

AbstractGovernments around the world are reacting to extended lifespans and troubled pension finances by increasing the age of retirement benefit entitlement. This paper studies those who retire before the age of full pension entitlement in the USA using data drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. The major finding is that four out of five people who have zero earnings at pre-entitlement ages are able to find a way to lift their incomes over the poverty line. For men, pension and annuity income are important while for women, spousal income helps most to get them over the line.

scholarly journals Carbon nanostructures: scientometric analysis for 2000-2015 (part 2)

Bibliosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
A. I. Terekhov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Scientific Excellence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Science Citation Index Expanded ◽  
Highly Cited

The article presents a scientometric analysis of the development of the carbon nanotechnology (NT) direction for 2000-2015 with the participation of 30 most active countries. It shows shifting the world research center to the Asian region, both on volume and quality indicators. Using the concept of a national research portfolio gives deep characteristics of different countries behavior in the course of scientific rivalry. Due to the strong skewness of the citation distributions, preference is given to the percentile-based indicators, such as: the contribution of a country to the world top-10% (top-1%) of the most highly cited publications, the share of such publications in the country's total output, the highly cited papers index, etc. Relying on them, the author fully discloses the scientific «offensive» of the «newcomer» countries on the «incumbents» ones (e.g. China on the USA, South Korea on Germany, Iran on Russia), the phenomenon of Singapore as an effective producer of highly cited publications on the carbon nanostructures, and international co-authorship in the top-1% segment of the most cited articles. Russia's positions are studied in detail, the main domestic research participants are established, and based on bibliometric criteria the center of scientific excellence in the field of graphene is identified. The paper characterizes the supporting role of a number of national science foundations in the NT carbon direction development using data of WoS. The author used the Science Citation Index Expanded database for the initial bibliographic sampling; information of science foundations of Russia and the USA, as well as patent organizations of Russia (Rospatent) and the world (WIPO) for additional comparison.

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