Acid-Etching of Caries-Like Lesions Treated with Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride: An Sem and Microprobe Study

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
M. John Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Enamel Caries ◽  
Topical Fluoride ◽  
Topical Fluorides

Clinical application of topical fluoride agents has proven to be an effective means of reducing the incidence and progression of dental caries. The caries-preventive potential of topical fluorides may be due to 1) the presence of fluoride-rich surface coatings, 2) incorporation of fluoride into hypomineralized enamel, 3) remineralization of the surface layer overlying enamel caries and 4) the bactericidal effect of fluoride. Acid-etching of enamel has been performed routinely to bond adhesive resin materials to sound enamel as a caries-preventive measure. Acid-etching of sound enamel results in 1) a loss of surface enamel (10 to 15μm), 2) exposure of enamel which is more reactive and 3) a tremendous increase in surface area.

SEM Evaluation of Fluoride Pretreatment Effects on Acid-Etching of Caries-Like Enamel Lesions In Vitro

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
M. John Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pretreatment Effects ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Acid-etching of enamel surfaces has been performed routinely to bond adhesive resin materials to sound dental enamel as a caries-preventive measure. The effect of fluoride pretreatment on acid-etching of enamel has been reported to produce inconsistent and unsatisfactory etching patterns. The failure to obtain an adequate etch has been postulated to be due to fluoride precipitation products deposited on the enamel surface. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluoride pretreatment on acid-etching of carieslike lesions of human dental enamel.Caries-like lesions of enamel were created in vitro on human molar and premolar teeth. The teeth were divided into two fluoride treatment groups. The specimens were exposed for 4 minutes to either a 2% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) solution or a 10% Stannous Fluoride (SnF2) solution. The specimens were then washed in deionized-distilled water. Each tooth was sectioned into four test regions. This was carried out to compare the effects of various time exposures (0 to 2 minutes) and differing concentrations (10 to 60% w/w) of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) on etching of caries-like lesions. Standard preparation techniques for SEM were performed on the specimens.

Stannous fluoride treatment of acid-etched caries-like lesions of enamel: A scanning electron microscopic study

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 720-721
Author(s):  
M. John Hicks ◽  
Leon M. Silverstone ◽  
David G. Gantt ◽  
Catherine M. Flaitz
Keyword(s):  
Acid Etching ◽  
Surface Zone ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Stannous Fluoride ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Demineralized Enamel ◽  
Intact Surface ◽  
Topical Fluoride

Although fluoride levels become elevated in sound enamel following a topical fluoride treatment, the caries-preventive effect of fluoride is thought to be due primarily to the role of fluoride in remineralization of clinically undetectable enamel lesions and hypomineralized enamel. During lesion formation, redistribution of fluoride from the enamel surface to the subsurface demineralized enamel occurs. This results in a surface zone with a relatively low fluoride content. In order to maintain an intact surface zone over a carious lesion, it may be necessary to replenish the fluoride levels with an exogenous fluoride source. By acid-etching the lesion surface, a more reactive surface is made available for fluoride interaction. In addition, porosities and etching patterns may be created, allowing for bonding of a caries-resistant resin material to the lesion surface. The purpose of this study was to determine the integrity of the caries-like lesion surface following acid-etching and subsequent stannous fluoride treatment (SnF2).

scholarly journals Hyperventilation of the lungs as a preventive measure against pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1234-1234
Author(s):  
N. Kramov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Postoperative Pneumonia ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Anesthesia Breathing

Based on the works of Corullos and Birnbaum, Scott and Cutler that postoperative pneumonia develops in atelectasized areas of the lungs, Henderson (A. M. A. 1929, 9 II) recommends inhalation of carbon dioxide in oxygen (5,0-100,0), as the most effective means of preventing pneumonia both in postoperative cases and in asphyxia and infectious diseases. As a result of anesthesia, breathing becomes shallow, the sections of the lungs are not ventilated and atelectasis appears, and the infection of these sections easily causes pneumonia; stretching these unventilated collapsed areas by deep breathing as a result of inhalation of carbon dioxide prevents atelectasis and prevents the development of pneumonia.

Fluid Movement across the Resin-Dentin Interface during and after Bonding

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hashimoto ◽  
S. Ito ◽  
F.R. Tay ◽  
N.R. Svizero ◽  
H. Sano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Etching ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Fluid Movement ◽  
Fluid Shifts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Physiological Pressure

This study evaluated the extent of water penetration through resin-dentin interfaces before and after being sealed with adhesives. Four adhesive resin systems (2 total-etch adhesives and 2 self-etching primer adhesives) were used in this study. Dentin disks were placed in a split-chamber device, and in situ fluid movement across dentin was measured, with and without physiological pressure, during bonding procedures or 24 hrs after bonding. The fluid movement across dentin occurs via dentin tubules after acid-etching. Large outward or inward fluid shifts across dentin were observed during air-drying and light-curing for resin application. The amount of fluid movement across resin-bonded dentin when total-etch adhesives were used was significantly greater than that with self-etching adhesives. The milder acid-etching effects of self-etching primers may retain hybridized smear plugs within the tubules that reduce outward fluid flow, resulting in superior dentin sealing.

Evaluation of fissure sealant applied to topical fluoride treated teeth

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza El-Housseiny ◽  
Aly Sharaf
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fissure Sealant ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Permanent Molars ◽  
And Control ◽  
Topical Fluoride ◽  
Sealant Retention

Fissure sealant is an important tool in the prevention of dental caries. This study evaluated the effect of treating the enamel with topical fluoride gel prior to acid etching on sealant retention clinically (Part I) and in vitro (Part II). In part I a split mouth design using contralateral first permanent molars was conducted. Seventy (35 pairs) molars were sealed. Fissure sealant was applied on one side of the mouth (control group) and the contralateral tooth received acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (test group) prior to acid etching. The sealant was evaluated after 6 and 12 months and scored as intact, partially lost or completely missing. In part II, the shear bond strength between sealant and buccal enamel of extracted permanent molars without or with topical fluoride treatment was evaluated. Results showed no statistically significant differences between the test and control groups either clinically or in vitro. It is concluded that topical fluoride application prior to acid etching does not have a deleterious effect on sealant retention. However, further investigations should be conducted using different types of fluoride before altering the traditional practices.

scholarly journals Comparison of Surface Roughness of Two Restorative Materials after the Application of Topical Fluorides

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 339-342
Author(s):  
Saru Khosla ◽  
Vaibhav Verma ◽  
Sheena Markan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Restorative Material ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Roughened Surface ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Topical Fluoride ◽  
Topical Fluorides

INTRODUCTION: Surface roughness and microhardness are the two important properties which provide compressive strength as well as abrasion resistance to the restorative materials. On the other side topical fluorides provide the protective function with its anti-cariogenic properties. GIC as a restorative material fulfills both of the requirements.AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of topical fluoride application on surface roughness of various restorative materials.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was done on 20 extracted teeth, Conventional Glass Ionomers (Fuji II) and Resin Modified Glass Ionomers (3M ESPE Vitremer) were used as restorative materials. Topical fluoride application i.e. with 2% sodium fluoride using Knutson’s technique was done followed by storing in artificial saliva for 24 hours and then blot dried for testing of surface roughness.RESULTS: Through this study it was observed that the no statistical difference was found between both of the restorative materials. (P>0.05).CONCLUSION: In oral environment strength and life span of restorative material is one of the important criteria and roughened surface can clinically deteriorate these properties of restoration. So it’s important for a dentist to consider all the factors while applying and restoring the tooth surface.

The Effect of Aging and Surface treatments on Micro-shear Bond Strength of Resin Nano-Ceramic Material Using Two Resin Cements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Mohammed Said
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Adhesive Resin Cement

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of aging and different surface treatments on micro-shear bond strength of two resin cements to resin nano-ceramic composite blocks using an in-vitro study. Materials and methods: Blocks of resin nano-ceramic (Lava Ultimate, 3M, St Paul, Minnesota, USA) were used to prepare eight plates having the following dimensions: (14mm × 12mm × 2mm). After plates preparation they were assigned to two main groups according to the surface treatment applied, either hydrofluoric acid etching and silane or sandblasting and silane. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the surface topography of the Lava-Ultimate plates before and after application of surface treatments. Two resin cements were used; dual cured adhesive resin cement (Bifix QM, VOCO, Cuxhafen, Germany) and dual cured self-adhesive resin cement (Bifix SE, VOCO, Cuxhafen, Germany) to create a five resin micro-cylinders received on each lava ultimate plate. Ten specimens from each subgroup were tested after 24 hours and the other ten specimens were tested after aging in saline for 6 months. Micro-shear bond strength test was applied until failure. . Multi-factorial ANOVA test and One-way ANOVA followed by pair-wise Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Both resin cements showed statistically significant decrease on bond strength after aging. Before aging, both surface treatments with adhesive resin cement showed statistically significant higher micro-shear bond strength mean values than with self-adhesive resin cement. After aging sandblasting showed a statistically significant higher micro-shear bond strength mean values with adhesive resin cement, while hydrofluoric acid etching revealed a statistically non-significant higher values with adhesive resin cement than self-adhesive resin cement. Conclusion: For both surface treatments and resin cements aging had a detrimental effect on micro- shear bond strength.

Deproteinization Treatment on Bond Strengths of Primary, Mature and Immature Permanent Tooth Enamel

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Aras ◽  
HC Küçükeçmen ◽  
Sönmez I öaroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Permanent Tooth ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Bond Strengths

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of pre-post deproteinization treatment with 5% sodium hypochloride on shear bond strength (sbs) of adhesive resin to primary, immature and mature permanent teeth enamel. Method: 30 teeth were used for each of primary, immature and mature permanent teeth groups. (totally 90). In control groups, enamel was etched for 60s with 37% phosphoric acid (3M) and rinsed for 10s (Procedure A). In experimental groups, deproteinization was applied with 5% NaOCI solution for 120s before (Procedure D+A) and after acid-etching (Procedure A+D). Gluma Comfort Bond (Heraeus-Kulzer) and Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer) composite resin were applied to etched enamel surfaces. Data were determined with Two-Way ANOVA and LSD Multiple Comparison Test (p<0.05). Results: SBS was significantly lower in primary and immature permanent teeth than mature permanent teeth (p<0.05). “Procedure A+D” statistically increased sbs values in primary and immature permanent teeth (p<0.05). Conclusion: Deproteinization after acid etching significantly enhanced the shear bond strength values in primary and immature permanent teeth.

Topical Fluoride to Prevent Root Caries: Systematic Review with Network Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
D. Sardana ◽  
K.Y. Li ◽  
K.C.M. Leung ◽  
E.C.M. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Topical Fluoride ◽  
Topical Fluorides

The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to summarize the direct and indirect clinical evidence on the effectiveness of professionally applied and self-applied topical fluorides in preventing dental root caries. Controlled clinical trials with any follow-up duration were included. MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched. Two reviewers independently carried out the selection of studies, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessments, and assessment of the certainty in the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Fixed effects model and frequentist approach were used in the network meta-analyses. Nine clinical trials involving 4,030 participants were included. Five professionally applied and 7 self-applied topical fluoride agents or combinations were included in the meta-analyses. Compared to control group, 38% silver diamine fluoride solution, 5% sodium fluoride varnish, and 1.2% acidulated phosphate fluoride reduced root caries increment after 2 y (ranging from 0.59 to 0.85 mean decayed or filled root [DF-root]). Fluoride mouth rinse and fluoride toothpaste, used alone or in combination, reduced root caries increment after 1 y (ranging from 0.29 to 1.90 mean DF-root). Among the professionally applied topical fluorides reviewed, an annually applied 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution combined with oral health education is most likely to be the most effective in preventing dental root caries. Among the reviewed self-applied topical fluoride methods, daily use of a 0.2% sodium fluoride (NaF) mouth rinse is most likely to be the most effective, followed by 1100 ppm to 1500 ppm fluoride toothpaste plus 0.05% NaF mouth rinse, and 1100 ppm to 1500 ppm fluoride toothpaste.

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