scholarly journals Hyperventilation of the lungs as a preventive measure against pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1234-1234
Author(s):  
N. Kramov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Postoperative Pneumonia ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Anesthesia Breathing

Based on the works of Corullos and Birnbaum, Scott and Cutler that postoperative pneumonia develops in atelectasized areas of the lungs, Henderson (A. M. A. 1929, 9 II) recommends inhalation of carbon dioxide in oxygen (5,0-100,0), as the most effective means of preventing pneumonia both in postoperative cases and in asphyxia and infectious diseases. As a result of anesthesia, breathing becomes shallow, the sections of the lungs are not ventilated and atelectasis appears, and the infection of these sections easily causes pneumonia; stretching these unventilated collapsed areas by deep breathing as a result of inhalation of carbon dioxide prevents atelectasis and prevents the development of pneumonia.

The Effect of Pursed - Lip Breathing Exercise Vs Diaphragmatic Breathing in Stabilizing the Vitals after 6-MWT among Overweight Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 299-308
Author(s):  
Dr. Jaya Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Diaphragmatic Breathing ◽  
Breathing Exercise ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Harmful Effects

When you exercise and your muscles work harder, your body uses more oxygen and produces more carbon dioxide. To cope with this extra demand, your breathing has to increase from about 15 times a minute (12 litres of air) when you are resting, up to about 40–60 times a minute (100 litres of air) during exercise. Your circulation also speeds up to take the oxygen to the muscles so that they can keep moving. Any kind of exertion causes some change in vitals. Some amount of fluctuation in vitals after any kind of exertion occurs in every individual and is considered to be normal. But if there is extreme fluctuation in vitals even after mild or moderate form of exertion, it indicates some kind of abnormality or an increased stress on cardiovascular or respiratory system and needs attention.In any case if the vitals fluctuate during any kind of exertion it needs to be stabilized so that its harmful effects can be avoided. For these breathing exercises have been proven to be very beneficial. There are several types of breathing exercises such as deep breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, pursed lip breathing, etc. The need for the study is to compare the effectiveness of Pursed-Lip Breathing & Diaphragmatic Breathing exercise instabilizing the vitals after 6 MWT in young individuals. The objective of this study is to measure the exertion level of the individual, to assess the effect of pursed lip and diaphragmatic breathing exercises on vitals after exertion and also the comparison of both techniques. In the present study we took 60 subjects from saaii college, Kanpur. Method of data collection is random and study design is comparative study with study duration of 4 weeks. Subjects were divided into two equal groups. The paired samples t-test shows significant changes observed i.e., null hypothesis is rejected and alternate hypothesis is accepted and we observed that significant improvement along with effectiveness of pursed lip breathing on stabilizing vitals in overweight individuals.

scholarly journals Carbon dioxide as a short-term restraint anaesthetic in rats with subclinical respiratory disease

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Fenwick ◽  
J. K. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Minimal Time

The use of carbon dioxide (CO2) with, and without, oxygen (O2) as a short-term restraint anaesthetic for Wistar rats in which subclinical respiratory disease was endemic, was assessed in 3 separate experiments. In the first, rats were placed in a CO2 atmosphere generated from solid CO2 chips in a 701 plastic bin, and removed at time intervals ranging from 0 to 120 s after disappearance of the pedal reflex. Eight of 25 rats died, including 2 which were removed immediately the pedal reflex disappeared; it was concluded that CO2 without O2 was not a suitable short-term anaesthetic for rats. In a second study, rats were anaesthetized in atmospheres of 50 : 50 and 80 : 20 (CO2 : O2) provided from commercially available cylinders, in 2 different environments-a 3·41 glass jar and a 171 plastic bin. Rats became excited in the plastic bin but not the glass jar. Rats in the glass jar displayed visible depression and cessation of whiskers movement significantly more quickly in the 80 : 20 (CO2 : O2) than in the 50 : 50 mixture (4·2±0·98 s, n = 6, and 66·0±4·9 s, n = 6 vs 13·8±2·77 s, n = 5 and 1520±20·8 s, n = 5, respectively). Rats in the 171 plastic bin lost their pedal reflexes in a mean 41·5±4·55 s ( n = 11) in the 50 : 50 mixture and in a mean 30·9±6·38 s ( n = 11) in the 80 : 20 (CO2 : O2) group. Those left in the 50 : 50 mixture for 60 sand 180 s after disappearance of their pedal reflexes, recovered these reflexes in 20·2±0·44 s and 21·5±7·23 s respectively after removal from the gas. Respiration and heart beat ceased in one rat remaining in the 50 : 50 mixture after 13 min 10 s. No untoward effects occurred in rats left in the 50 : 50 mixture for 180 s after disappearance of the pedal reflex, but 2 died when left for an equivalent period in the 80 : 20 mixture. In the third study, examples of the practical use of a 50 : 50 mixture as a short term restraint anaesthetic are described. It was concluded that this mixture was a cheap, safe, and effective means of short-term restraint for rats with subclinical respiratory disease, when the minimal time of exposure to the gases was employed.

scholarly journals Forecasting Carbon Dioxide Price Using a Time-Varying High-Order Moment Hybrid Model of NAGARCHSK and Gated Recurrent Unit Network

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Po Yun ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Yaqi Wu ◽  
Yu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
High Order ◽  
Order Moment ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
High Order Moment

The carbon market is recognized as the most effective means for reducing global carbon dioxide emissions. Effective carbon price forecasting can help the carbon market to solve environmental problems at a lower economic cost. However, the existing studies focus on the carbon premium explanation from the perspective of return and volatility spillover under the framework of the mean-variance low-order moment. Specifically, the time-varying, high-order moment shock of market asymmetry and extreme policies on carbon price have been ignored. The innovation of this paper is constructing a new hybrid model, NAGARCHSK-GRU, that is consistent with the special characteristics of the carbon market. In the proposed model, the NAGARCHSK model is designed to extract the time-varying, high-order moment parameter characteristics of carbon price, and the multilayer GRU model is used to train the obtained time-varying parameter and improve the forecasting accuracy. The results conclude that the NAGARCHSK-GRU model has better accuracy and robustness for forecasting carbon price. Moreover, the long-term forecasting performance has been proved. This conclusion proves the rationality of incorporating the time-varying impact of asymmetric information and extreme factors into the forecasting model, and contributes to a powerful reference for investors to formulate investment strategies and assist a reduction in carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice of equine vaccination among horse owners in Kano, Northern Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
A. M. Mayaki ◽  
A. O. Talabi
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Tetanus Antitoxin ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
The Common ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Horse Owners

Equine infectious diseases continue to be one of the most important threats to the overall health of domesticated horses and proper vaccination is one the most important preventive measure against such infectious diseases. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice of equine vaccination among horse owners. Forty horse owners completed the questionnaire and all the respondents were male with an average mean age of 41.9years and 50% were degree holders. A positive attitude 14(35%) toward equine vaccination was recorded. 10% had training on horse management and 19(47.5%) were aware of equine vaccination. Statistically significant associations were observed between practice of vaccination and awareness of equine vaccination and having vaccination programme. However no statistical association was observed between practice of vaccination and attending training on horse management. The common vaccinable diseases encountered as reported were tetanus (28/40), influenza (17/40), and AHS (6/40) with 37.5% and 2.5% of the respondents agreed that tetanus and AHS respectively are the most common cause of horse death. The diseases commonly vaccinated against were tetanus (22.5%) and influenza (5%). The use of veterinary practice is very low as 54.6% of the respondents do either vaccinate their horses by themselves or used their groom. Their knowledge of equine vaccination is generally poor particularly with tetanus vaccination, as majority cannot differentiate the usage of tetanus antitoxin and toxoid. In conclusion, we believe that the poor knowledge showed by the horse owners reflects inadequate information about the important of equine vaccination. It is therefore important for horse owners to understand good vaccination programme is a critical aspect of good managerial practices. More so there is need to work with their local veterinarians in developing vaccination programmes for the common diseases seen in the area.

Sensitivity of staphylococcus microflora of wrestlers’ skin to bacteriophages

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Dilyara Martykanova ◽  
Ilya Zemlenuhin ◽  
Ollga Reshetnik ◽  
Dilyara Kamaldinova ◽  
Nailya Davletova
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Medial Part ◽  
Microbial Abundance ◽  
Intact Skin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Before And After

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of bacteriocenosis of wrestlers’ skin and to determine the sensitivity of staphylococcal microflora to bacteriophages. Methods and organization of the research. The experiment involved 15 athletes aged 17-21 years engaged in national wrestling and belt wrestling. Qualifications ranged from 1st adult rank to the master of sports. We used the method of microbiological seeding on yolk-salt agar (JSA) to analyze the washes from the intact skin of the medial part of forearms of wrestlers before and immediately after training. We identified the grown colonies of microorganisms using MALDI Microflex Biotyper mass-spectrometer (Bruker, Germany). In addition to the total microbial abundance, the frequency of occurrence of hemolytic forms of bacteria on wrestlers’ skin was determined before and after training. We determined the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to staphylococcal bacteriophage and polyvalent pyobacteriophage by the diameter of the bacteria lysis zone. Results and discussion. The research revealed the following facts. 1) S. aureus appears more often than other staphylococci on the skin of the medial part of wrestlers’ forearms both before and after training. 2) We detected high frequency of occurrence of hemolytic forms of Staphylococcus bacteria, which indicates the dysbiosis of wrestlers’ skin. 3) It is more efficient to use a staphylococcal bacteriophage than polyvalent pyobacteriophage for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases of wrestlers’ skin caused by S. aureus. Conclusion. Athletes of contact sports demonstrate an increased risk of skin infectious diseases, and they need effective means of protection and prevention.

Warmwater fish vaccinology in catfish production

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip H. Klesius ◽  
Joyce J. Evans ◽  
Craig A. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Warmwater Fish ◽  
Fish Vaccine ◽  
Modified Live Vaccine ◽  
Fish Industry

AbstractThe ability of the fish industry to provide a continuous supply of fish protein depends on both proper biosecurity and strategies to significantly reduce the risk of infectious diseases. Vaccination is a safe and effective means to prevent disease and to increase the productivity and profitability of farmed fish. Vaccines are likely to be the prime prophylactic measure of the future because of rapidly developing advances in fish vaccine technology and producer acceptance. The efficacy of a vaccine is influenced by a variety of factors that must be considered in the development of vaccination strategies for fish. This review highlights some of these factors. The response to a modified live vaccine against Edwardsiella ictaluri is used for illustration.

Effect of Vagotomy on the Breathing Pattern and Exercise Ability in Emphysematous Patients

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Bradley ◽  
T. Hale ◽  
J. Pimble ◽  
R. Rowlandson ◽  
M. I. M. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Left Thoracotomy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Exercise Ventilation

1. The potential value of right vagotomy for the relief of breathlessness has been explored in five patients with emphysema. Two patients had symptomatic improvement, two had minor symptomatic improvement, and one was unchanged. 2. Exercise ventilation was not noticeably depressed by unilateral right vagotomy in the two patients investigated fully, but the pattern of breathing was altered. After vagotomy, breathing was deeper, and the rise in the frequency of breathing with exercise was depressed. 3. After right vagotomy the response to rebreathing carbon dioxide also consisted of slower deeper breaths. 4. Right vagotomy sometimes appears to remove an influence preventing slow deep breathing and exacerbating dyspnoea. 5. Results of bilateral pulmonary denervation, attempted in one patient, were complicated by the need for left thoracotomy, which removed any possible beneficial effects.

scholarly journals A Survey of Preclinical Studies Evaluating Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines Against Non-Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abisola Abisoye-Ogunniyan ◽  
Isabella M. Carrano ◽  
Dina R. Weilhammer ◽  
Sean F. Gilmore ◽  
Nicholas O. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antigen Presentation ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

A worldwide estimate of over one million STIs are acquired daily and there is a desperate need for effective preventive as well as therapeutic measures to curtail this global health burden. Vaccines have been the most effective means for the control and potential eradication of infectious diseases; however, the development of vaccines against STIs has been a daunting task requiring extensive research for the development of safe and efficacious formulations. Nanoparticle-based vaccines represent a promising platform as they offer benefits such as targeted antigen presentation and delivery, co-localized antigen-adjuvant combinations for enhanced immunogenicity, and can be designed to be biologically inert. Here we discuss promising types of nanoparticles along with outcomes from nanoparticle-based vaccine preclinical studies against non-viral STIs including chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea, and recommendations for future nanoparticle-based vaccines against STIs.

scholarly journals Patients that are having Covid-19 Disease After the First Dose of Covid-Vaccine

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Sezgin Sayiner ◽  
Aşki Vural ◽  
Fatih Doğan ◽  
Sedat Parlak ◽  
Furkan Bakirhan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Joint Pain ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Antibody Formation ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
University Training

There is no effective treatment for the Covid-19 disease that is still impacting the whole world. It considered that vaccines, one of the effective means to prevent infectious diseases, will play a significant role in protecting from the Covid-19 Disease. Vaccinations generals performed before exposure. We aimed to follow the clinical and laboratory progress of patients who got Covid-19 after the first dose of the Covid-19 vaccine and to evaluate the changes that may occur in antibody formation. 13 patients, who received the first dose of COVID 19 vaccine Coronovac as of 14.01.2021 when vaccination started in Adıyaman University Training and Research Hospital/Turkey, who had symptoms after the vaccine and whose real-time PCR found to be positive, were included in the study. After the first dose of the Covid-19 vaccine, 13 patients exam. Three of our patients were female, and 10 of them were male. The average age was 38.8. British variant detected in 4 of our patients; 1 of them was female. Contact times differed between 3 and 5 days. The most common symptoms were muscle-joint pain (53.8), weakness-fatigue (46.2), fever (38.5), and headache (30.8). Three of our patients, being one female, received inpatient treatment. Furthermore, our five patients who checked regarding Sars cov-2 IgG became positive in the first month. No adverse changes in the course of the illness observed in the patients were RT-PCR positive after the first dose of the Covid-19 vaccine. Antibody response detected at the end of the first month.  Vaccination is an effective method for taking infectious diseases under control but adhering to personal protective measures still maintains their importance.

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