Microstructural Heterogenieties in a Commercial SiC Structural Ceramic:Hraem

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100055060 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 564-565

Author(s):

W.M. Skiff ◽

R.W. Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Sic Ceramic ◽

Second Phases ◽

Structural Irregularities

SiC refractories made by various pressing and sintering methods may contain structural and chemical heterogenieties similar to tljiose reported for Si3N4 base refractories. Although some earlier work on SiC did not reveal second phases, other oxidation experiments showed the reaction to take place heterogeneously, leading to the supposition that such heterogenieties may be present. In this work we examine a typical commercial SiC ceramic to determine the existence of such structural irregularities.

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Growth of hematite by surface oxidation of olivine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100106065 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 800-801

Author(s):

S. McKernan ◽

C. B. Carter

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Surface Oxidation ◽

Thin Foil ◽

Nucleation And Growth ◽

Ion Milling ◽

Annealed Material ◽

Thin Foils ◽

Natural Olivine ◽

Approximate Composition ◽

Second Phases

The oxidation of natural olivine has previously been performed on bulk samples and the reactions followed by preparation of TEM specimens from the annealed material. These results show that below ∼1000°C hematite and amorphous silica are formed, particularly around dislocations. At higher temperatures magnetite and some enstatite-like phase are formed. In both cases the olivine is left almost totally Fe depleted. By performing the oxidation on characterized thin TEM specimens it is possible to obtain more information on the nucleation and growth of the second phases formed. The conditions in a thin foil, however, are very different from those in the bulk especially with regard to surface effects. The nucleation of precipitates in particular may be expected to occur differently in these thin foils than in the bulk.TEM specimens of natural olivine (approximate composition Mg+Fe+Si2o4) which had been annealed at 1000°C for 1 hr were prepared by mechanical polishing and dimpling, followed by Ar ion milling to perforation. The specimens were characterized in the electron microscope and then heated in air in alumina boats to 900°C for between 30 and 180 minutes.

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Structure of second phases in TiAl alloys containing Cr and B

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100087197 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 576-577

Author(s):

Ernest L. Hall ◽

Shyh-Chin Huang

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Second Phase ◽

Structure And Properties ◽

Tial Alloys ◽

Second Phases ◽

Interstitial Elements

Addition of interstitial elements to γ-TiAl alloys is currently being explored as a method for improving the properties of these alloys. Previous work in which a number of interstitial elements were studied showed that boron was particularly effective in refining the grain size in castings, and led to enhanced strength while maintaining reasonable ductility. Other investigators have shown that B in γ-TiAl alloys tends to promote the formation of TiB2 as a second phase. In this study, the microstructure of Bcontaining TiAl alloys was examined in detail in order to describe the mechanism by which B alters the structure and properties of these alloys.

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The usefulness of high index low symmetry zone axes for holz line analysis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100126718 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 384-385

Author(s):

C. M. Sung ◽

D. B. Williams

Keyword(s):

Lattice Parameter ◽

High Order ◽

Zone Axis ◽

High Index ◽

High Symmetry ◽

Second Phases ◽

Line Patterns ◽

Low Symmetry ◽

Line Analysis

Researchers have tended to use high symmetry zone axes (e.g. <111> <114>) for High Order Laue Zone (HOLZ) line analysis since Jones et al reported the origin of HOLZ lines and described some of their applications. But it is not always easy to find HOLZ lines from a specific high symmetry zone axis during microscope operation, especially from second phases on a scale of tens of nanometers. Therefore it would be very convenient if we can use HOLZ lines from low symmetry zone axes and simulate these patterns in order to measure lattice parameter changes through HOLZ line shifts. HOLZ patterns of high index low symmetry zone axes are shown in Fig. 1, which were obtained from pure Al at -186°C using a double tilt cooling holder. Their corresponding simulated HOLZ line patterns are shown along with ten other low symmetry orientations in Fig. 2. The simulations were based upon kinematical diffraction conditions.

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Phase identification in SiC whisker reinforced Al2O3-R2O3-based composites

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100121168 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 152-153

Author(s):

C.M. Sung ◽

K.J. Ostreicher ◽

M.L. Huckabee ◽

S.T. Buljan

Keyword(s):

Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽

Phase Identification ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Ion Milling ◽

X Ray ◽

Binary Oxides ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

The Matrix ◽

Second Phases ◽

Convergent Beam

A series of binary oxides and SiC whisker reinforced composites both having a matrix composed of an α-(Al, R)2O3 solid solution (R: rare earth) have been studied by analytical electron microscopy (AEM). The mechanical properties of the composites as well as crystal structure, composition, and defects of both second phases and the matrix were investigated. The formation of various second phases, e.g. garnet, β-Alumina, or perovskite structures in the binary Al2O3-R2O3 and the ternary Al2O3-R2O3-SiC(w) systems are discussed.Sections of the materials having thicknesses of 100 μm - 300 μm were first diamond core drilled. The discs were then polished and dimpled. The final step was ion milling with Ar+ until breakthrough occurred. Samples prepared in this manner were then analyzed using the Philips EM400T AEM. The low-Z energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) data were obtained and correlated with convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns to identify phase compositions and structures. The following EDXS parameters were maintained in the analyzed areas: accelerating voltage of 120 keV, sample tilt of 12° and 20% dead time.

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Slip traces caused by plastic deformation during recrystallization of thin metal sheets

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100170839 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 620-621

Author(s):

H. Lin ◽

D. P. Pope

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

Sample Thickness ◽

List Type ◽

Metal Sheets ◽

Second Phases ◽

Slip Traces ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Cold Rolled ◽

Individual Grains

During a study of mechanical properties of recrystallized B-free Ni3Al single crystals, regularly spaced parallel traces within individual grains were discovered on the surfaces of thin recrystallized sheets, see Fig. 1. They appeared to be slip traces, but since we could not find similar observations in the literature, a series of experiments was performed to identify them. We will refer to them “traces”, because they contain some, if not all, of the properties of slip traces. A variety of techniques, including the Electron Backscattering Pattern (EBSP) method, was used to ascertain the composition, geometry, and crystallography of these traces. The effect of sample thickness on their formation was also investigated.In summary, these traces on the surface of recrystallized Ni3Al have the following properties:1.The chemistry and crystallographic orientation of the traces are the same as the bulk. No oxides or other second phases were observed.2.The traces are not grooves caused by thermal etching at previous locations of grain boundaries.3.The traces form after recrystallization (because the starting Ni3Al is a single crystal).4.For thicknesses between 50 μm and 720 μm, the density of the traces increases as the sample thickness decreases. Only one set of “protrusion-like” traces is visible in a given grain on the thicker samples, but multiple sets of “cliff-like” traces are visible on the thinner ones (See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).5.They are linear and parallel to the traces of {111} planes on the surface, see Fig. 3.6.Some of the traces terminate within the interior of the grains, and the rest of them either terminate at or are continuous across grain boundaries. The portion of latter increases with decreasing thickness.7.The grain size decreases with decreasing thickness, the decrease is more pronounced when the grain size is comparable with the thickness, Fig. 4.8.Traces also formed during the recrystallization of cold-rolled polycrystalline Cu thin sheets, Fig. 5.

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SEOpinion: Summarization and Exploration of Opinion from E-Commerce Websites

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21020636 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 636

Author(s):

Alhassan Mabrouk ◽

Rebeca P. Díaz Redondo ◽

Mohammed Kayed

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Support Vector Machine ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Support Vector ◽

Processing Capacity ◽

Customer Reviews ◽

Aspect Extraction ◽

Descriptive Information ◽

Opinion Summarization ◽

Second Phases

Recently, it has been found that e-commerce (EC) websites provide a large amount of useful information that exceed the human cognitive processing capacity. In order to help customers in comparing alternatives when buying a product, previous research authors have designed opinion summarization systems based on customer reviews. They ignored the template information provided by manufacturers, although its descriptive information has the most useful product characteristics and texts are linguistically correct, unlike reviews. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology coined as SEOpinion (summarization and exploration of opinions) to summarize aspects and spot opinion(s) regarding them using a combination of template information with customer reviews in two main phases. First, the hierarchical aspect extraction (HAE) phase creates a hierarchy of aspects from the template. Subsequently, the hierarchical aspect-based opinion summarization (HAOS) phase enriches this hierarchy with customers’ opinions to be shown to other potential buyers. To test the feasibility of using deep learning-based BERT techniques with our approach, we created a corpus by gathering information from the top five EC websites for laptops. The experimental results showed that recurrent neural network (RNN) achieved better results (77.4% and 82.6% in terms of F1-measure for the first and second phases, respectively) than the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the support vector machine (SVM) technique.

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