Evaporated Copper Deposits on Nickel Substrates
The structure of thin copper electrodeposits on single crystal nickel substrates has been previously studied in this laboratory. We thought it would be desirable to prepare similar bi-crystal films by the evaporation of copper onto nickel so that a comparison of the structures obtained by the two methods of deposition could be made. For this purpose, single crystal nickel films of (100), (110) and (111) orientations were prepared by evaporation onto heated (410°C) rocksalt substrates. Without breaking the vacuum, copper was evaporated in the form of a thin wedge onto the nickel surfaces after the nickel was cooled to room temperature. High purity (99.999%) metals were used, and these were thoroughly outgassed before evaporation. The thickness gradient of copper was obtained by moving a shutter between the substrate and the copper source during the evaporation. The resulting bi-crystal films were then stripped from the rocksalt and examined by transmission electron microscopy.