Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Oxygen Plasmaetched Bacterial Spores and Cells

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Richard S. Thomas ◽  
Merle M. Millard ◽  
René Scherrer
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Bacterial Spores ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Morphological Studies

Low-temperature, oxygen plasma etching (OPE) is a useful technique in electron-microscopic (EM) morphological studies of mineral-containing organic polymers and biological structures. OPE gently and cleanly etches away the organic matrix at the surface of the specimen, leaving behind oxides and salts of exposed mineral elements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is widely used for macroscopic chemical analysis of the surfaces of polymers and inorganic specimens. The XPS signal originates from a surface depth of less than 100 Å. Combined application of the three techniques, OPE, EM and XPS to dispersible, macroscopic specimens which are microscopically homogeneous should allow correlation of fine structural features with surface and subsurface chemical composition. The present, preliminary study explores this possibility on bacterial spores and cells. Further details, and similar studies on tissue culture cells will be reported elsewhere.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Strontium Bismuth Oxides as Novel Battery-Type Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghui Han ◽  
Le Li ◽  
Yunpeng Liu ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Xiaohan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Strontium Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bismuth Oxides ◽  
Improved Performance

A simple and efficient process method for the preparation of strontium bismuth oxides (SBOs) via an impregnation-calcination method is presented. The synthesized active materials are characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized SBO samples is observed to decrease gradually as the strontium content is increased from 25% to 50%. The SBO sample with a Sr/Bi ratio of 1 : 3 shows the highest specific capacitance of 1228.7 F g−1 (specific capacity of 204.8 mAh g−1) at a current density of 1 A g−1 and a good cycling stability (75.1%) over 3000 charge-discharge cycles. The improved performance of the supercapacitors can be attributed to the unique structural features resulting from the addition of appropriate portions of Sr, which supports high electron conductivity and rapid ion/electron transport within the electrode and at the electrode/electrolyte interface. All the results show that the SBOs have considerable potential for use as high-performance battery-type electrodes in supercapacitors.

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Morphological Studies of Polycrystalline Nickel Surfaces Exposed to Anhydrous HF

2000 ◽  
Vol 147 (11) ◽  
pp. 4212 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Totir ◽  
Gary S. Chottiner ◽  
Christopher L. Gross ◽  
W. Ves Childs ◽  
Daniel A. Scherson
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Polycrystalline Nickel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies

scholarly journals Mixed-matrix membranes with enhanced antifouling activity: probing the surface-tailoring potential of Tiron and chromotropic acid for nano-TiO 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 170368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avishek Pal ◽  
T. K. Dey ◽  
A. K. Debnath ◽  
Bharat Bhushan ◽  
A. K. Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Chromotropic Acid ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Antifouling Activity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Matrix Membranes

Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) were developed by impregnating organofunctionalized nanoadditives within fouling-susceptible polysulfone matrix following the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. The facile functionalization of nanoparticles of anatase TiO 2 (nano-TiO 2 ) by using two different organoligands, viz . Tiron and chromotropic acid, was carried out to obtain organofunctionalized nanoadditives, F T -nano-TiO 2 and F C -nano-TiO 2 , respectively. The structural features of nanoadditives were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which established that Tiron leads to the blending of chelating and bridging bidentate geometries for F T -nano-TiO 2 , whereas chromotropic acid produces bridging bidentate as well as monodentate geometries for F C -nano-TiO 2 . The surface chemistry of the studied membranes, polysulfone (Psf): F T -nano-TiO 2 UF and Psf: F C -nano-TiO 2 UF, was profoundly influenced by the benign distributions of the nanoadditives enriched with distinctly charged sites ( − SO 3 − H + ), as evidenced by superior morphology, improved topography, enhanced surface hydrophilicity and altered electrokinetic features. The membranes exhibited enhanced solvent throughputs, viz . 3500–4000 and 3400–4300 LMD at 1 bar of transmembrane pressure, without significant compromise in their rejection attributes. The flux recovery ratios and fouling resistive behaviours of MMMs towards bovine serum albumin indicated that the nanoadditives could impart stable and appreciable antifouling activity, potentially aiding in a sustainable ultrafiltration performance.

scholarly journals Особенности формирования и структуры ленгмюровских пленок титаната бария

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
А.П. Кузьменко ◽  
И.В. Чухаева ◽  
П.В. Абакумов
Keyword(s):  
Barium Titanate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Barium Titanate Nanoparticles ◽  
20 Nm

With the use of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method on the KSV NIMA 2002 plant, ferro-electric films of the stabilized barium titanate (ST BTO) from colloidal system of sodium oleate aqueous solution have been produced, which were studied with small angle X-ray scattering and dynamic light scattering techniques. Coagulants with the most characteristic hydrodynamic diameter ~ 200 nm are found and the physical model of their formation from barium titanate nanoparticles (~ 20 nm) in this colloidal system is proposed. By means of compression-expansion isotherms with the use of a MicroBAM micro-scope and the device for measurement of surface potential SPOT, optimum parameters of sedimentation are determined, which made it possible to produce uniform ferroelectric films with ST BTO particles of ~ 20 nm in size and a forbidden band width of 3.6 eV. With scanning probe and electron microscopy, vibrational and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and also X-ray diffractometry, topological and structural features and distri-bution of chemical elements in the produced films on different substrates have been stud-ied.

scholarly journals О структуре тонких пленок монооксида германия

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1296
Author(s):  
К.Н. Астанкова ◽  
В.А. Володин ◽  
И.А. Азаров
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Random Mixture ◽  
Germanium Monoxide

By means of optical (Raman spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and electron microscopic methods, it was found that the atomic structure of stoichiometric germanium monoxide films corresponds to the random bonding model, without the formation of germanium nanoclusters. This structure is metastable and transforms into a structure which is close to random mixture model at a temperature 260 oC and higher. The metastability of solid GeO may be related to the presence of internal mechanical stresses in the atomic network.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Selenization Treatment of Kesterite Cu2Mg0.2Zn0.8Sn(S,Se)4 Films for Solar Cell

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyue Jiang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yingrui Sui ◽  
Wenjie He ◽  
Zhanwu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Crystal Quality ◽  
Crystalline Quality ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Soda Lime Glass Substrate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Selenization Temperature

High-selenium Cu2Mg0.2Zn0.8Sn(S,Se)4 (CMZTSSe) films were prepared on a soda lime glass substrate using the sol–gel spin coating method, followed by selenization treatment. In this work, we investigated the effects of selenization temperature and selenization time on the crystal quality, and electrical and optical properties of CMZTSSe films. The study on the micro-structure by XRD, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that all CMZTSSe samples had kesterite crystalline structure. In addition, the crystalline quality of CMZTSSe is improved and larger Se takes the site of S in CMZTSSe with the increase of selenization temperature and selenization time. When increasing the selenization temperature from 500 to 530 °C and increasing the annealing time from 10 to 15 min, the morphological studies showed that the microstructures of the films were dense and void-free. When further increasing the temperature and time, the crystalline quality of the films began to deteriorate. In addition, the bandgaps of CMZTSSe are tuned from 1.06 to 0.93 eV through adjusting the selenization conditions. When CMZTSSe samples are annealed at 530 °C for 15 min under Se atmosphere, the crystal quality and optical–electrical characteristics of CMZTSSe will be optimal, and the grain size and carrier concentration reach maximums of 1.5–2.5 μm and 6.47 × 1018 cm−3.

Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensors Based on Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide Formed through Anodic Oxidation

2015 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai B. Kondrikov ◽  
Antonina S. Lapina ◽  
Ilya V. Stepanov ◽  
Galina I. Marinina ◽  
Vladimir V. Korochentsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Scanning Electron

The nanotubular titanium dioxide structures were prepared using anodic oxidation. The structural features of surface have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. These nanotubular titanium dioxide structures can be used as a sensor in potentiometric indication components of different types of chemical reactions.

scholarly journals The origin of the high electrochemical activity of pseudo-amorphous iridium oxides

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Elmaalouf ◽  
Mateusz Odziomek ◽  
Silvia Duran ◽  
Maxime Gayrard ◽  
Mounib Bahri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation State ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Electrochemical Activity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Initial Oxidation ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iridium Oxides

AbstractCombining high activity and stability, iridium oxide remains the gold standard material for the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic medium for green hydrogen production. The reasons for the higher electroactivity of amorphous iridium oxides compared to their crystalline counterpart is still the matter of an intense debate in the literature and, a comprehensive understanding is needed to optimize its use and allow for the development of water electrolysis. By producing iridium-based mixed oxides using aerosol, we are able to decouple the electronic processes from the structural transformation, i.e. Ir oxidation from IrO2 crystallization, occurring upon calcination. Full characterization using in situ and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy allows to unambiguously attribute their high electrochemical activity to structural features and rules out the iridium oxidation state as a critical parameter. This study indicates that short-range ordering, corresponding to sub-2nm crystal size for our samples, drives the activity independently of the initial oxidation state and composition of the calcined iridium oxides.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Magnetic Behavior of Cobalt-Ferrite Nanoparticles under Variant Temperature Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
M.A. Alotaibi ◽  
I. Ud Din ◽  
A.I. Alharthi ◽  
P. Ahmad ◽  
A. Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Cobalt Ferrite ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Ferrite Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles ◽  
Morphological Studies

Wet chemical method was applied for the synthesis of cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles. The physicochemical properties were investigated by number of analytical techniques. TGA revealed the thermal stability of synthesized cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction studies displayed the nanoparticles crystalline nature. Structure of cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles was confirmed via infrared spectroscopy by manifesting Co and Fe ions absorption peaks. Morphological studies showed synthesis of nanoparticles of cobalt-ferrite by employing field emissions scanning electron microscopy. The magnetic properties of cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies confirmed the synthesis of cobalt-ferrite by displaying the oxidation of Co as Co2+ and Fe as Fe3+, respectively. The VSM results revealed that the magnetic characteristics of cobalt-ferrite nanoparticles were completely changed by the variation of temperature. Keywords: ferrite nanoparticles, VSM, temperature effect, magneton number, anisotropy constant.

scholarly journals Свойства мемристивных структур на основе нанокомпозита (Co-=SUB=-40-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-40-=/SUB=-B-=SUB=-20-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-(LiNbO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-100-x-=/SUB=-, синтезированных на SiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-/Si-подложках

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
С.Н. Николаев ◽  
А.В. Емельянов ◽  
Р.Г. Чумаков ◽  
В.В. Рыльков ◽  
А.В. Ситников ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistive Switching ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Growth Direction ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Composite Target ◽  
Si Substrates

The structural features and I-V curves of a metal/nanocomposite/metal (M/NC/M) sandwiches based on NC (Co40Fe40B20)x(LiNbO3)100-x synthesized on SiO2/Si substrates are investigated. Samples M/NC/M were obtained by the method of ion beam sputtering of a composite target which allows to form NC of different composition in the range x = 5–48 at. %. Electron microscopic analysis showed that the matrix consists of metal granules in an amorphous nonstoichiometric matrix. The granules have a size of d~2–3 nm and have a shape close to spherical with a slight elongation along the growth direction. The local chemical composition of NC films was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The structures demonstrate the effect of resistive switching with the maximum value Roff / Ron≈10, observed at the metal content is x ~ 13 at. %. The number of write/erase cycles was more than 10^4. Observed effect of resistive switching is explain by the oxygen vacancies action on the tunnel conductivity of the contacts of granules percolation chains with one of structure electrode separated from the NC by a strongly oxidized layer.

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