Calcium oxalate crystal formation in a species of Hyphoderma (basidiomycetes)

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
H. J. Arnott ◽  
K. D. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Fungal Hyphae

Calcium oxalate crystals are often found in association with fungal hyphae. In examining leaf litter samples with the use of scanning electron microscopy, Graustein et al. demonstrated that hyphae of some basidiomycetes are often encrusted with conspicuous calcium oxalate deposits and postulated that these crystals were formed when oxalate released by the fungus precipitated with free calcium ions in the environment. Studies by Arnott and Arnott and Webb, however, showed that at least some calcium oxalate crystals produced by these fungi arose within the fungal cell wall. These studies revealed that the crystals were enclosed within a thin layer of wall material during development, and it was hypothesized that the growth of the crystals is under direct control of the fungal cell.

Urate Does Not Influence the Formation of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Whole Human Urine at pH 5·3

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Hallson ◽  
G. A. Rose ◽  
S. Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Quantitative Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stones ◽  
Oxalate Crystals

1. Samples of fresh human urine were treated with immobilized uricase to lower urate concentration. Urate was added to yield low, normal and high urate samples. 2. Each sample was rapidly evaporated at pH 5.3 to standard osmolality and the yield of calcium oxalate crystals measured either by semi-quantitative microscopy or fully quantitative radioisotope techniques. 3. Increase of urinary urate did not increase the calcium oxalate crystals formed and may even have had an opposite effect. 4. Allantoin was without significant effect upon calcium oxalate crystal formation. 5. These data provide no support for the suggestion that reducing urate concentrations in the urine may be of value in treatment of patients with calcium oxalate stones.

An SEM study of raphide crystal initials in the leaves of vitis (grape)

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 984-985
Author(s):  
H. J. Arnott ◽  
M. A. Webb ◽  
L. E. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Crystal Cells ◽  
Crystal Idioblast

Many papers have been published on the structure of calcium oxalate crystals in plants, however, few deal with the early development of crystals. Large numbers of idioblastic calcium oxalate crystal cells are found in the leaves of Vitis mustangensis, V. labrusca and V. vulpina. A crystal idioblast, or raphide cell, will produce 150-300 needle-like calcium oxalate crystals within a central vacuole. Each raphide crystal is autonomous, having been produced in a separate membrane-defined crystal chamber; the idioblast''s crystal complement is collectively embedded in a water soluble glycoprotein matrix which fills the vacuole. The crystals are twins, each having a pointed and a bidentate end (Fig 1); when mature they are about 0.5-1.2 μn in diameter and 30-70 μm in length. Crystal bundles, i.e., crystals and their matrix, can be isolated from leaves using 100% ETOH. If the bundles are treated with H2O the matrix surrounding the crystals rapidly disperses.

Hydroxycitric Acid Inhibits Renal Calcium Oxalate Deposition by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Peng Yuan ◽  
Xifeng Sun ◽  
Zhiqiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Tubular Injury ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Crystal Deposition ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Hydroxycitric Acid ◽  
Oxalate Crystals

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of hydroxycitric acid（HCA） for stone formation in the glyoxylate-induced mouse model. Materials and methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into a control group, glyoxylate(GOX) 100 mg/kg group, a GOX+HCA 100 mg/kg group, and a GOX+HCA 200 mg/kg group. Blood samples and kidney samples were collected on the eighth day of the experiment. We used Pizzolato staining and a polarized light microscope to examine crystal formation and evaluated oxidative stress via the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF κ B), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) messenger RNA (mRNA). The expression of osteopontin (OPN) and a cluster of differentiation-44(CD44) were detected by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. In addition, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining and TUNEL assay were used to evaluate renal tubular injury and apoptosis. Results: HCA treatment could reduce markers of renal impairment (Blood Urea Nitrogen and serum creatinine). There was significantly less calcium oxalate crystal deposition in mice treated with HCA. Calcium oxalate crystals induced the production of reactive oxygen species and reduced the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes. HCA attenuated oxidative stress induced by calcium oxalate crystallization. HCA had inhibitory effects on calcium oxalate-induced inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1, IL- 1 β, and IL-6. In addition, HCA alleviated tubular injury and apoptosis caused by calcium oxalate crystals. Conclusion: HCA inhibits renal injury and calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the glyoxylate-induced mouse model through antioxidation and anti-inflammation.

Inclusion of proteins into calcium oxalate crystals precipitated from human urine: a highly selective phenomenon

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1589-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R Doyle ◽  
R L Ryall ◽  
V R Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystallization ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract The abundance of protein in the matrix of calcium oxalate uroliths has fueled speculation regarding its role in stone genesis. In this study, we wanted to characterize the composition of the proteins associated with early stages of calcium oxalate crystallization in urine. Calcium oxalate crystallization was induced in urine from healthy men and women by the addition of an oxalate load. The crystals were harvested and demineralized, and the proteins remaining were separated and characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. Most urinary proteins were not detected in the crystals or were present in only small quantities. The most abundant urinary macromolecule, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, was notably absent from the crystal extracts. The predominant protein associated with the crystals, a previously unknown urinary constituent that we call crystal matrix protein (CMP; molecular mass, 30,000 Da), was more prevalent in the crystals derived from female urine. We conclude that most urinary proteins play no direct role in calcium oxalate crystal formation. However, the protein CMP exhibits a remarkable affinity for calcium oxalate crystals and may be important in stone pathogenesis.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antiurolithic activity of Kigelia africana fruit extracts

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Asheesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Preeti Kothiyal
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Crystal Dissolution ◽  
Oxalate Crystals

Objectives: The plant Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Family: Bignoniaceae is used in traditional medical practices of Africa and India to treat various diseases including renal disorders. The present study is designed to evaluate the effect of K. africana fruit extract (KAFE) for in-vitro anti-urolithic activity on generated calcium-oxalate crystals. Method: The aqueous and alcoholic (ethanolic) extracts of fruits were tested for anti-urolithiatic potential on generated calcium-oxalate crystals by homogenous precipitation method and simultaneously a supporting two step vice-versa reactions were assessed (New method). The activity was assessed by studying the crystal dissolution by microscopy and quantitative alimental ions analysis for calcium and oxalates. Result: They exhibited significant activity when compared to standard drug Cystone- a poly herbal formulation. The aqueous and alcoholic extracts significantly decreased (p 0.001) crystal size and increased calcium and oxalate concentration in reaction setup of all tested groups as compared to normal control. Simultaneously a supporting two step vice-versa reaction was assessed that have shown significant inhibition of crystal formation. Conclusion: All the interpretations of various result outcomes direct the use of this drug for urolithiasis prophylaxis and treatments.

Characterization of calcium oxalate crystal-induced changes in the secretome of U937 human monocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitisak Sintiprungrat ◽  
Nilubon Singhto ◽  
Visith Thongboonkerd
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Induced Changes

This is the first study to characterize changes in the secretome of human monocytes induced by calcium oxalate crystals.

Research note:Autoradiography utilising labelled ascorbic acid reveals biochemical and morphological details in diverse calcium oxalate crystal-forming species

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Kostman ◽  
Nathan M. Tarlyn ◽  
Vincent R. Franceschi
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystal ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Crystal Sand ◽  
Acid Precursor

Many plant species accumulate calcium oxalate crystals in specialised cells called crystal idioblasts. In one species of crystal-forming plants (Pistia stratiotes L.; forming raphide crystals), it has been shown that ascorbic acid is the primary precursor of oxalic acid. The question remains if this is true of other calcium oxalate crystal-forming plants. One way of answering the above question is by examining ascorbic acid as the oxalic acid precursor in diverse species with a variety of crystal types. In this study we tested ascorbic acid as the primary precursor of oxalic acid in four different species, each forming one of the four, thus far, unexamined crystal types: water hyacinth, styloid (and raphide); tomato, crystal sand; winged-bean, prismatic; water lily, astrosclereids with surface prismatic crystals. Pulse–chase feeding of 1-[14C]-ascorbic acid followed by resin embedding, microautoradiography and light microscopy were employed to examine incorporation of label into calcium oxalate crystals. For the species and crystal types studied, ascorbic acid is the primary precursor of oxalic acid and further, oxalic acid is added to crystals in patterns that correlate with the age and type of crystal involved.

scholarly journals Regulation of Laminaria Polysaccharides with Different Degrees of Sulfation during the Growth of Calcium Oxalate Crystals and their Protective Effects on Renal Epithelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Wei-Bo Huang ◽  
Guo-Jun Zou ◽  
Gu-Hua Tang ◽  
Xin-Yuan Sun ◽  
Jian-Ming Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Renal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Caox Crystal ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Ft Ir

The original Laminaria polysaccharide (LP0) was sulfated using the sulfur trioxide-pyridine method, and four sulfated Laminaria polysaccharides (SLPs) were obtained, namely, SLP1, SLP2, SLP3, and SLP4. The sulfated (–OSO3–) contents were 8.58%, 15.1%, 22.8%, and 31.3%, respectively. The structures of the polysaccharides were characterized using a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. SLPs showed better antioxidant activity than LP0, increased the concentration of soluble Ca2+ in the solution, reduced the amount of CaOx precipitation and degree of CaOx crystal aggregation, induced COD crystal formation, and protected HK-2 cells from damage caused by nanometer calcium oxalate crystals. These effects can inhibit the formation of CaOx kidney stones. The biological activity of the polysaccharides increased with the content of –OSO3−, that is, the biological activities of the polysaccharides had the following order: LP0 < SLP1 < SLP2 < SLP3 < SLP4. These results reveal that SLPs with high –OSO3− contents are potential drugs for effectively inhibiting the formation of CaOx stones.

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