Cellular projections seen by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 972-973
Author(s):  
Veronika Burmeister ◽  
Paul D. Millikin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Depth Of Focus ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy is an ideal tool for the visualization of projections in biological cell surfaces because it combines high resolving power with extraordinary depth of focus. To appreciate the inside structures of cellular projections transmission electron microscopy is ideal, since it enables the identification of intricate ultrastructures In this presentation we compare the size and ultrastructure of microvilli in a normal as well as pathological state in mesothelium, cilia of the nasal mucosa and pseudoprojections of spirochetes.Specimens were routinely processed: fixed in 2.5% Glutaraldehyde, rinsed in Millonig's Phosphate Buffer and carried through Ethanol to 100%; SEM specimens were then critical point dried and gold-coated. TEM specimens were put into Propylene Oxide and subsequently polymerized in Epon 812. Silversections were cut and stained in Uranyl Acetate and Lead Citrate. JEOL, JEM 100 C transmission and JSM 35 scanning microscopes were used.

Cell Surface Markers and Labeling Techniques for Scanning Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 478-481
Author(s):  
R.S. Molday
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Topographical Distribution ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cell surface labeling has provided valuable information on the organization and dynamics of specific antigens and receptors in cell membranes. Such studies have generally utilized fluorescent dyes, radioisotopes, enzymes or biological macromolecules (ferritin, hemocyanin, viruses) bound to specific ligands (antibodies, lectins, hormones and toxins) as visual probes for light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). More recently, visual markers and labeling methods have been developed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These techniques have been used to map the topographical distribution of specific molecules on complex cell surfaces (1).Visualization of cell labeling by SEM relies on the use of macromolecular markers which are resolvable under the SEM. Such markers also must i) be uniform in size and shape to facilitate their identification on cell surfaces, ii) show little, if any, nonspecific binding to cell surfaces, iii) interact with surface specific ligands via covalent bonding or high affinity binding and iv) be stable against degradation or aggregation during labeling and preparation of samples for SEM.

Electron microscopy of nocardial cell division

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
Janet Hearn Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Noble Agar ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Made In

Nocardia polychromogenes is an aerobic, gram (+), non-motile, partially acid-fast actinomycete with primary mycelia that fragment into bacillary and coccoid elements.For scanning electron microscopy, N. polychromogenes culture strain Waksman 3409-A was grown on Potato Dextrose Agar at 25 C for 12-72 h. Five mm2 sections of the colonies, including portions of the interior and perimeter were fixed by exposure to osmium fumes for 16-24 h and air dried for 2 h. Specimens, mounted on stubs and sputter coated with gold, were viewed in a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II scanning electron microscope. For transmission electron microscopy, the organism was grown on Potato Dextrose Agar at 25 C for 12-32 h. Whole colonies, 1-2 mm in diameter, were fixed by exposure to osmium fumes for 24 h. After suspension in noble agar, cells taken from the periphery of the fixed colonies were stained with 0. 5% uranyl acetate made in acetate-veranol buffer.

Ultrastructural Analysis of the Salivary Glands of Gromphadorhina Portentosa (Schaum)

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 638-639
Author(s):  
P.J. Dailey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Topographical Relief

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Nematocyst Batteries in Epitheliomuscular Cells of Hydra

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
S. Yamataka ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides three dimensional details of external surface structures and supplements ultrastructural information provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals composed of watery jellylike tissues such as hydras and other coelenterates have not been considered suitable for SEM studies because of the difficulty in preserving such organisms in a normal state. This study demonstrates 1) the successful use of SEM on such tissue, and 2) the unique arrangement of batteries of nematocysts within large epitheliomuscular cells on tentacles of Hydra littoralis.Whole specimens of Hydra were prepared for SEM (Figs. 1 and 2) by the fix, freeze-dry, coat technique of Small and Màrszalek. The specimens were fixed in osmium tetroxide and mercuric chloride, freeze-dried in vacuo on a prechilled 1 Kg brass block, and coated with gold-palladium. Tissues for TEM (Figs. 3 and 4) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Scanning micrographs were taken on a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II A microscope at 10 KV and transmission micrographs were taken on an RCA EMU 3G microscope (Fig. 3) or on a Hitachi HU 11B microscope (Fig. 4).

Preservation of Plant Cell Surfaces For Scanning Electron Microscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
Linda M. Sicko ◽  
Thomas E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Popular Method ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Scanning Electron

The use of critical point drying is rapidly becoming a popular method of preparing biological samples for scanning electron microscopy. The procedure is rapid, and produces consistent results with a variety of samples. The preservation of surface details is much greater than that of air drying, and the procedure is less complicated than that of freeze drying. This paper will present results comparing conventional air-drying of plant specimens to critical point drying, both of fixed and unfixed material. The preservation of delicate structures which are easily damaged in processing and the use of filter paper as a vehicle for drying will be discussed.

Copper Localization in Cirrhotic Rat Liver by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 38-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Russ ◽  
E. McNatt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Copper Acetate ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Mode ◽  
Scanning Electron

In order to study the retention of copper in cirrhotic liver, rats were made cirrhotic by carbon tetrachloride inhalation twice weekly for three months and fed 0.2% copper acetate ad libidum in drinking water for one month. The liver tissue was fixed in osmium, sectioned approximately 2000 Å thick, and stained with lead citrate. The section was examined in a scanning electron microscope (JEOLCO JSM-2) in the transmission electron mode.Figure 1 shows a typical area that includes a red blood cell in a sinusoid, a disse, and a portion of the cytoplasm of a hepatocyte which contains several mitochondria, peribiliary dense bodies, glycogen granules, and endoplasmic reticulum.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Comparative Study of the Fine Morphology of Sensory Receptors in Aspidogaster conchicola and Cotylaspis insignis

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Venita F. Allison ◽  
J. E. Ubelaker ◽  
J. H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Fine Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

It has been suggested that parasitism results in a reduction of sensory structures which concomitantly reflects a reduction in the complexity of the nervous system. The present study tests this hypothesis by examining the fine morphology and the distribution of sensory receptors for two species of aspidogastrid trematodes by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The species chosen are an ectoparasite, Cotylaspis insignis and an endoparasite, Aspidogaster conchicola.Aspidogaster conchicola and Cotylaspis insignis were obtained from natural infections of clams, Anodonta corpulenta and Proptera purpurata. The specimens were fixed for transmission electron microscopy in phosphate buffered paraformaldehyde followed by osmic acid in the same buffer, dehydrated in an ascending series of ethanol solutions and embedded in Epon 812.

Record Wear Studies by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
M.D. Coutts ◽  
E.R. Levin ◽  
J.G. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Depth Of Focus ◽  
Sweep Frequency ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Test Record ◽  
Lateral Mode ◽  
Scanning Electron

While record grooves have been studied by transmission electron microscopy with replica techniques, and by optical microscopy, the former are cumbersome and restricted and the latter limited by lack of depth of focus and resolution at higher magnification. With its great depth of focus and ease in specimen manipulation, the scanning electron microscope is admirably suited for record wear studies.A special RCA sweep frequency test record was used with both lateral and vertical modulation bands. The signal is a repetitive, constant-velocity sweep from 2 to 20 kHz having a duration and repetitive rate of approximately 0.1 sec. and a peak velocity of 5.5 cm/s.A series of different pickups and numbers of plays were used on vinyl records. One centimeter discs were then cut out, mounted and coated with 200 Å of gold to prevent charging during examination. Wear studies were made by taking micrographs of record grooves having 1, 10 and 50 plays with each stylus and comparing with typical “no-play” grooves. Fig. 1 shows unplayed grooves in a vinyl pressing with sweep-frequency modulation in the lateral mode.

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