Cryo-electron microscopy of cauliflower mosaic virus

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 824-825
Author(s):  
R. H. Cheng ◽  
N. H. Olson ◽  
T. S. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Gene Organization ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
A Genome

Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), the type member of the Caulimovirus family, is one of the most extensively studied plant viruses since it was one of the first plant viruses shown to encapsidate a genome of double stranded DNA. This virus has served as a model system for studying plant gene organization, expression and replication and is potentially useful as a gene vector for the genetic manipulation of higher plants. Despite being well characterized in terms of its molecular biology, little is known about the structure, organization and assembly of mature CaMV virions.CaMV virions have a molecular mass of ˜22.8x106 daltons and a sedimentation coefficient of 208S.2 In negatively-stained samples, the diameter of the virus was determined to be 50.3±1.4 nm. The capsid consists of multiple copies of a single, phosphorylated polypeptide (37-42 kDa) which is presumed to be post-translationally modified from the 58kDa primary product of gene IV. The sizes of the virion and mass of the capsid protein indicate that there may be 420 copies of the polypeptide, arranged with T=7 icosahedral lattice symmetry, although no direct evidence exists to support this model. Projected images of CaMV particles, examined by conventional electron microscopy procedures, are difficult to interpret since the details are relatively smooth and featureless. The organization of the circular doubled-stranded DNA molecule (˜4.9xl06 daltons) is unknown: neutron diffraction experiments indicate that it is mainly confined to the region between radii 15.0-21.5 nm. The current study is aimed at obtaining a reliable three-dimensional structural determination of CaMV by examining purified virus samples using recently developed cryo-electron microscopy techniques and image analysis procedures.

Structure of the Mature P3-virus Particle Complex of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Revealed by Cryo-electron Microscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 346 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Plisson ◽  
Marilyne Uzest ◽  
Martin Drucker ◽  
Rémy Froissart ◽  
Christian Dumas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Particle ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy

scholarly journals Identification of Tomato Infecting Viruses That Co-Isolate with Nanovesicles Using a Combined Proteomics and Electron-Microscopic Approach

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1922
Author(s):  
Ramila Mammadova ◽  
Immacolata Fiume ◽  
Ramesh Bokka ◽  
Veronika Kralj-Iglič ◽  
Darja Božič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Viral Particles

Plant-derived nanovesicles (NVs) have attracted interest due to their anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidative properties and their efficient uptake by human intestinal epithelial cells. Previously we showed that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit is one of the interesting plant resources from which NVs can be obtained at a high yield. In the course of the isolation of NVs from different batches of tomatoes, using the established differential ultracentrifugation or size-exclusion chromatography methods, we occasionally observed the co-isolation of viral particles. Density gradient ultracentrifugation (gUC), using sucrose or iodixanol gradient materials, turned out to be efficient in the separation of NVs from the viral particles. We applied cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphological assessment and LC–MS/MS-based proteomics for the protein identification of the gradient fractions. Cryo-TEM showed that a low-density gUC fraction was enriched in membrane-enclosed NVs, while the high-density fractions were rich in rod-shaped objects. Mass spectrometry–based proteomic analysis identified capsid proteins of tomato brown rugose fruit virus, tomato mosaic virus and tomato mottle mosaic virus. In another batch of tomatoes, we isolated tomato spotted wilt virus, potato virus Y and southern tomato virus in the vesicle sample. Our results show the frequent co-isolation of plant viruses with NVs and the utility of the combination of cryo-TEM, SEM and proteomics in the detection of possible viral contamination.

New threats to endangered Cook’s scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum; Brassicaceae): introduced crop viruses and the extent of their spread

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh C. C. M. Van Vianen ◽  
Gary J. Houliston ◽  
John D. Fletcher ◽  
Peter B. Heenan ◽  
Hazel M. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
First Record ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Threatened Plant Species ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Turnip Yellows Virus ◽  
Coastal Plant

To date, most research conducted on plant viruses has centred on agricultural systems where viruses greatly reduce economic output. Introduced viruses are globally common and there is a lack of knowledge around how they might affect natural populations. Although it has been suggested that infectious disease may have played an underestimated role in past species extinctions, there is little empirical evidence. Cook’s scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum Sparrm. ex G.Forst; Brassicaceae) is a threatened coastal plant endemic to New Zealand. Following the discovery of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) in some glasshouse cultivated specimens, we surveyed wild extant Lepidium populations on the Otago coast for TuMV while screening for two other common crop viruses. We show that TuMV is almost ubiquitous among remaining wild L. oleraceum populations on the South Island’s east coast and report the first record of L. oleraceum as a host for both Cauliflower mosaic virus and Turnip yellows virus. The high incidence of virus infection throughout the study populations may make this system one of the first examples of introduced viruses affecting the conservation of a threatened plant species.

scholarly journals Novel Inter-Subunit Contacts in Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus Revealed by Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Structure ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1815-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kofi Clare ◽  
Eugenia V. Pechnikova ◽  
Eugene V. Skurat ◽  
Valentin V. Makarov ◽  
Olga S. Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF TWO SMALL SPHERICAL PLANT VIRUSES IN THIN SECTIONS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Edwardson ◽  
D. E. Purcifull ◽  
R. G. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Tobacco Necrosis Virus ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Southern Bean Mosaic Virus

Particles within lesions of leaf tissue infected with either tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) or southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) were compared with particles in embedded pellets of purified preparations of these viruses by an examination of thin sections. The mode of the diameters of particles in tissues and pellets was 20.5 mµ.It is assumed that the particles in infected tissues are virus particles on the basis of their similarities in size, shape, and arrangement with the particles in purified preparations.

scholarly journals A Single Amino Acid Position in the Helper Component of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Can Change the Spectrum of Transmitting Vector Species

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (21) ◽  
pp. 13587-13593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aranzazu Moreno ◽  
Eugénie Hébrard ◽  
Marilyne Uzest ◽  
Stéphane Blanc ◽  
Alberto Fereres
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Virus Vector ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Helper Component ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

ABSTRACT Viruses frequently use insect vectors to effect rapid spread through host populations. In plant viruses, vector transmission is the major mode of transmission, used by nearly 80% of species described to date. Despite the importance of this phenomenon in epidemiology, the specificity of the virus-vector relationship is poorly understood at both the molecular and the evolutionary level, and very limited data are available on the precise viral protein motifs that control specificity. Here, using the aphid-transmitted Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) as a biological model, we confirm that the “noncirculative” mode of transmission dominant in plant viruses (designated “mechanical vector transmission” in animal viruses) involves extremely specific virus-vector recognition, and we identify an amino acid position in the “helper component” (HC) protein of CaMV involved in such recognition. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that changing the residue at this position can differentially affect transmission rates obtained with various aphid species, thus modifying the spectrum of vector species for CaMV. Most interestingly, in a virus line transmitted by a single vector species, we observed the rapid appearance of a spontaneous mutant specifically losing its transmissibility by another aphid species. Hence, in addition to the first identification of an HC motif directly involved in specific vector recognition, we demonstrate that change of a virus to a different vector species requires only a single mutation and can occur rapidly and spontaneously.

scholarly journals The structures of a naturally empty cowpea mosaic virus particle and its genome-containing counterpart by cryo-electron microscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L. Hesketh ◽  
Yulia Meshcheriakova ◽  
Rebecca F. Thompson ◽  
George P. Lomonossoff ◽  
Neil A. Ranson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Particle ◽  
Cowpea Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy

scholarly journals Structure of Flexible Filamentous Plant Viruses

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (19) ◽  
pp. 9546-9554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Kendall ◽  
Michele McDonald ◽  
Wen Bian ◽  
Timothy Bowles ◽  
Sarah C. Baumgarten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Helical Turn

ABSTRACTFlexible filamentous viruses make up a large fraction of the known plant viruses, but in comparison with those of other viruses, very little is known about their structures. We have used fiber diffraction, cryo-electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy to determine the symmetry of a potyvirus, soybean mosaic virus; to confirm the symmetry of a potexvirus, potato virus X; and to determine the low-resolution structures of both viruses. We conclude that these viruses and, by implication, most or all flexible filamentous plant viruses share a common coat protein fold and helical symmetry, with slightly less than 9 subunits per helical turn.

Nuclear targeting of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) genomeThis review is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Plant Cell Biology.

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
Julie Champagne ◽  
Denis Leclerc
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nuclear Localization ◽  
Nuclear Localization Signal ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Targeting ◽  
Localization Signal

The delivery of the double-stranded DNA viral genome into the nucleus is a critical step for the type member of Caulimoviridae, cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). The nucleocapsid (NC) of CaMV is directly involved in this process. A nuclear localization signal located at the N-terminus of the NC was shown to be exposed at the surface of the virion. This nuclear localization signal appears to be important to direct the virus to the nuclear pore complex. The nuclear targeting of the NC needs to be tightly regulated because the process of virus assembly, which also involves the viral NC, occurs in the cytosol. It is now accepted that the N- and C-terminal extensions of the viral NC precursor are efficient regulatory sequences that determine the localization of the viral NC in infected leaves. Proteolytic maturation and phosphorylation of the N- and C-terminal extensions are also important in the regulation of this process. Despite these recent discoveries, the transport of CaMV toward and into the nucleus during early events in the infection cycle remains unclear. In this review, we summarize recent advances that explain the mechanisms of targeting of the CaMV genome to the nucleus and extract from other related animal and plant viruses mechanisms that could hint at the possible strategies used by CaMV to enter the nucleus.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Identified in Earwigs (Doru luteipes) through a Metagenomic Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Tadeu Godinho ◽  
Débora Pires Paula ◽  
Arvind Varsani ◽  
Simone Graça Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Metagenomic Approach

ABSTRACT Here we report the first complete genome sequence of a cauliflower mosaic virus from Brazil, obtained from the gut content of the predator earwig (Doru luteipes). This virus has a genome of 8,030 nucleotides (nt) and shares 97% genome-wide identity with an isolate from Argentina.

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