Correlation of Pore Structure and Permeability by SEM-Image Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
C. A. Callender ◽  
Wm. C. Dawson ◽  
J. J. Funk
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rock Types

The geometric structure of pore space in some carbonate rocks can be correlated with petrophysical measurements by quantitatively analyzing binaries generated from SEM images. Reservoirs with similar porosities can have markedly different permeabilities. Image analysis identifies which characteristics of a rock are responsible for the permeability differences. Imaging data can explain unusual fluid flow patterns which, in turn, can improve production simulation models.Analytical SchemeOur sample suite consists of 30 Middle East carbonates having porosities ranging from 21 to 28% and permeabilities from 92 to 2153 md. Engineering tests reveal the lack of a consistent (predictable) relationship between porosity and permeability (Fig. 1). Finely polished thin sections were studied petrographically to determine rock texture. The studied thin sections represent four petrographically distinct carbonate rock types ranging from compacted, poorly-sorted, dolomitized, intraclastic grainstones to well-sorted, foraminiferal,ooid, peloidal grainstones. The samples were analyzed for pore structure by a Tracor Northern 5500 IPP 5B/80 image analyzer and a 80386 microprocessor-based imaging system. Between 30 and 50 SEM-generated backscattered electron images (frames) were collected per thin section. Binaries were created from the gray level that represents the pore space. Calculated values were averaged and the data analyzed to determine which geological pore structure characteristics actually affect permeability.

Progress in Physical Rock Matrix Characterization: Structure of the Pore Space

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sütari-Kauppi ◽  
E.S. Flitsiyan ◽  
P. Klobes ◽  
K. Meyer ◽  
K-H. Hellmuth
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Quantitative Autoradiography ◽  
Probe Molecule ◽  
Rock Matrix ◽  
Porous Rock ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Physical Rock

ABSTRACTQuantitative autoradiography for the investigation of rock matrices has been further developed by use of tritium-labeled polymethylmethacrylate (3H-PMMA), the use of thin sections and image analysis functions allowing correlations of mineralogic-petrographical and analytical or porosity information. The autoradiographic system was studied experimentally and theoretically. The autoradiography could achieve a resolution down to 10 and 20 μm for 3H and 14C, respectively. Possible candidates for intact, low-porous rock standard materials were studied and the measurement of their transport properties discussed. Porosities and diffusivities measured in rock types dominated by very small pores were depending on the probe molecule used. The effect was most pronounced in flint which gave low porosities for MMA, Hg and He and no diffusivities at all for He.

scholarly journals X-ray CT analysis of pore structure in sand

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshifumi Mukunoki ◽  
Yoshihisa Miyata ◽  
Kazuaki Mikami ◽  
Erika Shiota
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Petroleum Engineering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The development of a micro-focused X-ray CT device enables digital imaging analysis at the pore-scale. The applications have been diverse, for instance, in soil mechanics, geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, petroleum engineering, and agricultural engineering. In particular, imaging of the pore space of porous media has contributed to numerical simulations for single and multi-phase flow, or contaminant transport, through the pore structure as three-dimensional image data. These obtained results are affected by the pore diameter so it is necessary to verify the image pre-processing for image analysis, and validate the pore diameters obtained from the CT image data. Besides, it is meaningful to produce the parameters in a representative element volume (REV) and significant to define the dimension of REV. This paper describes the underlying method of image processing and analysis and discusses the physical properties of Toyoura sand for the verification of image analysis based on the definition of REV. Based on the obtained verification results, pore diameter analysis can be conducted and validated by the comparison of the experimental work and image analysis. The pore diameter was deduced by Laplace’s law and the water retentively test for the drainage process. The referenced result sand perforated pore diameter proposed originally in this study, called the voxel-percolation method (VPM), are compared in this paper. The paper describes the limitation of REV, the definition of pore diameter, and the effectiveness of VPM for the assessment of pore diameter.

scholarly journals X-ray CT analysis of pore structure in sand

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 929-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshifumi Mukunoki ◽  
Yoshihisa Miyata ◽  
Kazuaki Mikami ◽  
Erika Shiota
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Petroleum Engineering ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The development of microfocused X-ray computed tomography (CT) devices enables digital imaging analysis at the pore scale. The applications of these devices are diverse in soil mechanics, geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, petroleum engineering, and agricultural engineering. In particular, the imaging of the pore space in porous media has contributed to numerical simulations for single-phase and multiphase flows or contaminant transport through the pore structure as three-dimensional image data. These obtained results are affected by the pore diameter; therefore, it is necessary to verify the image preprocessing for the image analysis and to validate the pore diameters obtained from the CT image data. Moreover, it is meaningful to produce the physical parameters in a representative element volume (REV) and significant to define the dimension of the REV. This paper describes the underlying method of image processing and analysis and discusses the physical properties of Toyoura sand for the verification of the image analysis based on the definition of the REV. On the basis of the obtained verification results, a pore-diameter analysis can be conducted and validated by a comparison with the experimental work and image analysis. The pore diameter is deduced from Young–Laplace's law and a water retention test for the drainage process. The results from previous study and perforated-pore diameter originally proposed in this study, called the voxel-percolation method (VPM), are compared in this paper. In addition, the limitations of the REV, the definition of the pore diameter, and the effectiveness of the VPM for an assessment of the pore diameter are discussed.

Impregnation technique using colored epoxy to define porosity in petrographic thin sections

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1104-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Impregnation Technique

This vacuum-assisted technique for colored impregnation of all rock types clearly defines porosity, even in low-permeability, very fine grained, or semifriable material. The technique is also suitable for use with water-soluble and heat-sensitive material. The technique is trouble-free and provides a practical way of visually reproducing rock pore space less than 1 μm in size.

Quantitative image analysis of polymer blends

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 920-921
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
V. K. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Quantitative Image

Quantitative image analysis is important in understanding the role of microstructure in polymer blend properties, as revealed by the TEM. This paper presents an example of the application of the image analysis method to the study of structure/property relationship of an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer.ABS is a rubber-toughened two-phase polymer blend. As shown in Figure 1, the microstructure of ABSconsists of small rubber particles embedded in a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) matrix. The morphologies of these blends, which depend on the polymerization conditions, play a key role to the overall physical and mechanical properties of the blends. The quantitative characterization of the rubber phase involves measuring its volume fraction as well as the particle size distribution.Four ABS samples, available commercially, with different levels of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR),were used in this study. The samples were block stained, using osmium tctroxide (OsO4) solution, and thin sectioned in an ultramicrotome.The thin sections were examined in a JEM-100CX II TEM, operated at 60KV. The representative images were acquired on a SEMICAPS Imaging System using a GATAN CCD TV rate camera.

THE CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL MACROPOROSITY WITH CT SCANNING

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. J. GREVERS ◽  
E. DE JONG ◽  
R. J. ST. ARNAUD
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning

The soil macropore system was analyzed with the help of image analysis, comparing images from computed-tomography (CT) scanning with images obtained from thin sections. The images obtained with the two methods were analyzed with an image analyzer (IBAS 2000) for various pore characteristics. Macroporosity measurements obtained with CT scanning were comparable with those obtained with thin section. Computed-tomography scanning of soil cores which had been impregnated with styrene resin revealed a decreased level of soil macroporosity, in particular of planar macroporosity, as compared to nonimpregnated soil cores. CT scanning provided a useful method in characterizing a compacted soil layer. Through three-dimensional analysis of the CT scans, boundaries of compacted soil layers could be identified to the nearest 1 mm. The advantages of this method are that it is nondestructive, and fast, images can be made at 1-mm intervals, and it has the capability for three-dimensional images. However, resolution is limited to pores larger than 750 μm. Key words: Soil porosity, image analysis, thin sections, CT scanning

Automated Image Analysis Of Nuclear And Cytoplasmic Changes In Exfoliated Cells From Tracheas Treated With Carcinogen

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
S.F. Stinson ◽  
J.C. Lilga ◽  
M.B. Sporn
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exfoliated Cells ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Morphologic Criterion

Increased nuclear size, resulting in an increase in the relative proportion of nuclear to cytoplasmic sizes, is an important morphologic criterion for the evaluation of neoplastic and pre-neoplastic cells. This paper describes investigations into the suitability of automated image analysis for quantitating changes in nuclear and cytoplasmic cross-sectional areas in exfoliated cells from tracheas treated with carcinogen.Neoplastic and pre-neoplastic lesions were induced in the tracheas of Syrian hamsters with the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Cytology samples were collected intra-tracheally with a specially designed catheter (1) and stained by a modified Papanicolaou technique. Three cytology specimens were selected from animals with normal tracheas, 3 from animals with dysplastic changes, and 3 from animals with epidermoid carcinoma. One hundred randomly selected cells on each slide were analyzed with a Bausch and Lomb Pattern Analysis System automated image analyzer.

EXPRESS: Design Considerations for Discrete Frequency Infrared Microscopy Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 000370282110133
Author(s):  
Rohit Bhargava ◽  
Yamuna Dilip Phal ◽  
Kevin Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Optical Component ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Discrete Frequency ◽  
Figures Of Merit ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Hardware Implementations ◽  
Measurement Capabilities

Discrete frequency infrared (DFIR) chemical imaging is transforming the practice of microspectroscopy by enabling a diversity of instrumentation and new measurement capabilities. While a variety of hardware implementations have been realized, considerations in the design of all-IR microscopes have not yet been compiled. Here we describe the evolution of IR microscopes, provide rationales for design choices, and the major considerations for each optical component that together comprise an imaging system. We analyze design choices in illustrative examples that use these components to optimize performance, under their particular constraints. We then summarize a framework to assess the factors that determine an instrument’s performance mathematically. Finally, we summarize the design and analysis approach by enumerating performance figures of merit for spectroscopic imaging data that can be used to evaluate the capabilities of imaging systems or suitability for specific intended applications. Together, the presented concepts and examples should aid in understanding available instrument configurations, while guiding innovations in design of the next generation of IR chemical imaging spectrometers.

scholarly journals Differences in subcortico-cortical interactions identified from connectome and microcircuit models in autism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-yong Park ◽  
Seok-Jun Hong ◽  
Sofie L. Valk ◽  
Casey Paquola ◽  
Oualid Benkarim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe pathophysiology of autism has been suggested to involve a combination of both macroscale connectome miswiring and microcircuit anomalies. Here, we combine connectome-wide manifold learning with biophysical simulation models to understand associations between global network perturbations and microcircuit dysfunctions in autism. We studied neuroimaging and phenotypic data in 47 individuals with autism and 37 typically developing controls obtained from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange initiative. Our analysis establishes significant differences in structural connectome organization in individuals with autism relative to controls, with strong between-group effects in low-level somatosensory regions and moderate effects in high-level association cortices. Computational models reveal that the degree of macroscale anomalies is related to atypical increases of recurrent excitation/inhibition, as well as subcortical inputs into cortical microcircuits, especially in sensory and motor areas. Transcriptomic association analysis based on postmortem datasets identifies genes expressed in cortical and thalamic areas from childhood to young adulthood. Finally, supervised machine learning finds that the macroscale perturbations are associated with symptom severity scores on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Together, our analyses suggest that atypical subcortico-cortical interactions are associated with both microcircuit and macroscale connectome differences in autism.

scholarly journals FRI0177 MULTI-MODALITY IMAGING TO EVALUATE LUPUS NEPHRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 672.2-673
Author(s):  
C. Dykas ◽  
B. H. Rovin ◽  
M. Boesen ◽  
O. Kubassova ◽  
P. Lipsky
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Renal Perfusion ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Dce Mri ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Mean Time

Background:Lupus nephritis (LN) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in subjects with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The gold standard for evaluation of LN remains the kidney biopsy, whereas renal function is usually evaluated by eGFR and urinary protein:creatinine ratio. More effective and sensitive methodology is needed to assess LN and also the response to treatment. Functional imaging of the kidney using quantitative techniques has great potential, as it can assess kidney function and pathologic changes non-invasively by evaluating perfusion, oxygenation, cellular density and fibrosis.Objectives:The objective of this study was to develop a multi-modality imaging approach for the evaluation of the spectrum of pathologic changes in LN and to determine when imaging data correlated with renal functionMethods:In this multi-center study (NCT03180021), subjects who were having a standard of care renal biopsy for LN were asked to participate in the imaging evaluation. Local Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, and subjects signed an Informed Consent Form. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) was employed to detect changes in vascularization and perfusion, Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) to assess interstitial diffusion, T2*Map/BOLD to evaluate tissue oxygenation and T1rho to evaluate fibrosis (Figure 1). Regions of interest were identified in the imaged kidneys and imaging parameters were correlated with measures of renal function, including eGFR and urinary protein: creatinine ratio. In DCE-MRI, we specifically focused on mean Maximum Enhancement (ME), mean Time to Peak Enhancement (TTP) and mean Time of Washout (Twashout) as indicators of renal perfusion.Results:Nine subjects have been evaluated to date and their imaging data assessed for quality. Evaluation of mean data from DCE-MRI has shown a significant correlation between renal perfusion and renal function. For example, as shown in the figure, the 24 hour protein concentration negatively correlated with ME (rs=-0.81, p=0.015), TTP (rs=-0.83, p=0.01) and Twashout (rs=-0.81.p=0.01, Spearman rank correlation). In addition, the protein:creatinine ratio also negatively correlated with ME (rs=-0.79, p=0.02), TTP (rs=-0.74, p=0.04) and Twashout (rs=-0.79, p=0.02, Spearman rank correlation).Conclusion:These initial results have established the feasibility of multi-modality imaging as a tool to evaluate LN in a multi-center study. Moreover, changes in perfusion detected by DCE-MRI significantly correlate with proteinuria and urinary protein:creatinine ratio. These results suggest that multiparameter imaging may contribute useful data in the evaluation of subjects with LN.Figure:Disclosure of Interests:Claire Dykas: None declared, Brad H Rovin Grant/research support from: GSK, Consultant of: GSK, Mikael Boesen Consultant of: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Esaote, Glenmark, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Paid instructor for: IAG, Image Analysis Group, AbbVie, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, esaote, Glenmark, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB (scientific advisor)., Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly, Esaote, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Olga Kubassova Shareholder of: IAG, Image Analysis Group, Consultant of: Novartis, Takeda, Lilly, Employee of: IAG, Image Analysis Group, Peter Lipsky Consultant of: Horizon Therapeutics

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