Effect of Soybean (Glycine max) Row Spacing on Chemical Control of Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Stacey A. Bruff ◽  
Clyde A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Better Than

Sicklepod control with seven chemical treatments was evaluated in 25-cm and 97-cm soybean row widths. Metribuzin applied preplant incorporated followed by metribuzin applied preemergence, and metribuzin applied preplant incorporated followed by either imazaquin or chlorimuron applied postemergence controlled sicklepod over 90% early in the season, and row spacing did not influence control at that evaluation. In late season ratings, all herbicide treatments controlled sicklepod better in 25-cm rows than in 97-cm rows. However, only imazaquin applied sequentially or metribuzin followed by chlorimuron in 25-cm rows controlled sicklepod greater than 80% late in the season. Sicklepod control in 25-cm row soybean with either imazaquin or metribuzin plus chlorimuron applied preplant incorporated was equivalent to or better than sequential preemergence and postemergence treatments of these three herbicides in 97-cm rows. All treatments resulted in lower yields than the weed-free check in the 97-cm rows, whereas all herbicide treatments except the sequential application of metribuzin gave yields equivalent to the weed free check in 25-cm rows.

Herbicides and Cultivation for Sicklepod,Cassia obtusifolia, Control in Soybeans,Glycine max

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
G. Euel Coats
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Spray Applications

Sicklepod control with one or two cultivations or postemergence (POE) directed-spray applications of linuron or metribuzin plus 2,4-DB was less than 50% in August evaluations when no soil-applied herbicide had been used. However, sicklepod control greater than 75% was noted through August when two cultivations or metribuzin plus 2,4-DB applied POE followed either metribuzin applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) or metribuzin plus alachlor applied as a PRE treatment. One cultivation after these soil-applied herbicide treatments did not reduce sicklepod populations compared to the chemical treatments alone. Soybean yields more than doubled over yields in untreated plots when a combination of soil-applied herbicides and two cultivations or metribuzin plus 2,4-DB applied POE were used.

Influence of Cultivation Timing on Chemical Control of Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) in Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Larry J. Newsom ◽  
Clyde A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Better Than

Cultivation timings were used in conjunction with postemergence herbicides to determine their effect on sicklepod control in soybean. Treatments using cultivation alone resulted in less than 70% sicklepod control. A postemergence application of chlorimuron following metribuzin applied postemergence was usually more effective in controlling sicklepod with cultivation 7 days after application than with cultivation 3 days before or at application, or with no cultivation. Cultivation at any timing in conjunction with a postemergence application of imazaquin following imazaquin preemergence improved sicklepod control compared to imazaquin without cultivation. Sicklepod control with chlorimuron postemergence followed by cultivation 7 days after application was as good as or better than two sequential applications of chlorimuron with no cultivation. Imazaquin or metribuzin preemergence followed only by cultivation provided less than 80% control in two of three experiments.

Effects of Insecticide, Weed-Free Period, and Row Spacing on Soybean (Glycine max) and Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Ellis Hauser ◽  
David J. Isenhour ◽  
James W. Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Weed Interference

Results from identical experiments conducted at Headland, AL, and Plains, GA, from 1980 through 1982 show insecticide treatment had little effect on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Coker 237′] growth and morphology. Maximum insecticide applications increased soybean seed weight in two of five trials. Soybeans maintained free of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. ♯3CASOB) for 4 weeks after emergence produced yields equal to those receiving season-long control in all trials, and 2-week control was equal to season-long maintenance in three trials. Length of weed interference-free maintenance did not affect soybean height. The number of pods per plant and seed weight were decreased when there was no control. Sicklepod shoot fresh weight and numbers decreased as the weed-free period increased from 0 weeks through the season. Row spacing had no effect on soybean height or seed size; however, the number of pods per plant was higher in 80- than in 40-cm rows. Row spacing influenced yield in only one trial where 20-cm rows outyielded 40-cm rows. A significant interaction occurred between the weed-free period and row spacing in two trials. Soybeans in 20-cm rows outyielded those in 40- and 80-cm rows when sicklepod was not controlled (i.e., 0 weeks interference-free maintenance).

Effect of Imazaquin and Chlorimuron Plus Metribuzin on Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Interference in Soybean (Glycine max)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Marshall B. Wixson ◽  
Clyde A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Use

Three experiments evaluated sicklepod interference with soybean with and without preplant incorporated applications of chlorimuron plus metribuzin or imazaquin. Sicklepod density, weed-free period, and weedy period were examined. In the absence of herbicides, soybean seed yield was reduced with 2 sicklepod plants row m-1, whereas 8 plants row m-1were necessary to reduce yield when herbicides were used. Herbicide use also increased soybean yield at higher sicklepod densities. Chlorimuron plus metribuzin reduced sicklepod dry matter at 8 plants row m-1. To maintain soybean yield, a weed-free period of 4 wk after emergence was required, regardless of treatment. Both herbicide treatments resulted in increased soybean yield at the zero and two wk weed-free periods; however, they did not affect soybean yield when the weed-free period was 4 wk or more. Imazaquin reduced sicklepod density when plots were left weedy full-season, and further reductions were noted with chlorimuron plus metribuzin. A sicklepod weedy interval of 8 wk reduced soybean yield when untreated, but either herbicide treatment extended that interval to 16 wk.

Effects of Sequential Herbicide Treatments on Weeds and Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Sequential Treatments ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Better Than

Sequential herbicide treatments of 3-[p-(p-chlorophenoxy)-phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron) withS-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate) controlled weeds early in the season in soybeans (Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Dare’ or ‘Bragg’) better than when chloroxuron was applied in sequence with either α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,Ndipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) or 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline (nitralin). The control of weeds late in the season was enhanced with split applications of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) or 2,4-bis(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine (prometryne) when applied to plots previously treated with chloroxuron as early postemergence and trifluralin, nitralin, or vernolate applied preplant. In 1969 nitralin injured soybeans, and reduced stands and seed yields significantly more than trifluralin or vernolate. In 1970 sequential treatments of prometryne with chloroxuron and vernolate were more phytotoxic to soybeans than were the same postemergence treatments when applied with nitralin and trifluralin.

scholarly journals Mowing Associated to Chemical Control for Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton Stalk Destruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B.P. BRAZ ◽  
E.R. ANDRADE JR. ◽  
M. NICOLAI ◽  
R.F. LOPEZ OVEJERO ◽  
A.L. CAVENAGHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Cotton Stalks ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: Post-harvest cotton stalk control is mandatory in many cotton producing countries, and the major methods used for this practice are mechanical and chemical (glyphosate and 2,4-D as the most usual herbicides applied), or a combination of both. However, the adoption of glyphosate-resistant cotton varieties by growers have required the development of alternative chemical treatments. Six trials were conducted to evaluate systems combining mowing and chemical control of glyphosate-resistant cotton stalks. Experiments conducted in 2014 were installed in randomized complete block design with nineteen treatments and four replicates. In 2015, the experiments were also conducted in randomized complete block design with eleven treatments and four replicates. Herbicide treatments were applied after cotton stalk mowing. Cotton stalk control varied according to rainfall regime after herbicide application. A single herbicide application to stub regrowth plants did not provide acceptable efficacy in cotton stalk destruction, independently of the treatment used. The best options for glyphosate-resistant cotton stalk control consisted of 2,4-D application immediately after mowing, followed by sequential application of combinations of 2,4-D with flumiclorac, carfentrazone or imazethapyr.

Effect ofAlternaria cassiae, Pseudocercospora nigricans, and Soybean (Glycine max) Planting Density on the Biological Control of Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson A. Pitelli ◽  
R. Charudattan ◽  
James T. Devalerio
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cotyledonary Leaf ◽  
Better Than

The interactions of two fungal biocontrol agents,Alternaria cassiaeandPseudocercospora nigricans, and soybean planting density on sicklepod mortality and dry weight were studied in the field over 2 yr. The experimental field was divided into three equal areas: one without soybean and two where the soybean was sown in densities of 20 and 36 seeds per meter row with a 0.95-m row spacing. The fungi were sprayed alone or in a mixture at three growth stages of sicklepod plants grown at three levels of crop interference resulting from the three soybean planting densities. The fungal treatments were: an untreated control,A. cassiae(105spores/m2),P. nigricans(3.3 g mycelium/m2), and the mixture of these two fungi. Sicklepod was at the cotyledonary leaf, two-leaf, and four-leaf stages when treated.Alternaria cassiaewas most effective in reducing both sicklepod survival and dry weight. The mixture ofP. nigricansandA. cassiaewas generally comparable to but not better thanA. cassiaealone in killing the weed (mortality) and reducing its growth (dry weight). Soybean density did not have significant effects on the mortality or the dry weight of sicklepod. Thus, there is no advantage to combining the highly effective biocontrol agentA. cassiaewith the less effectiveP. nigricansor with soybean interference to control sicklepod. However, the results validate the efficacy ofA. cassiaeby itself as a bioherbicide.

Comparison of Herbicide Programs and Cultivation for Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Control in Soybean (Glycine max)

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Ac 263,222 ◽  
Cultivated Soybean ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Sicklepod control mid-season in cultivated soybean was higher when imazaquin plus AC 263,222 or AC 263,222 alone was applied POST following pendimethalin plus imazaquin PPI compared with only the PPI treatment. Pendimethalin plus imazaquin PPI followed by imazaquin plus AC 263,222 at 36 + 18 g ai/ha or followed by AC 263,222 at 18 g ai/ha with cultivation controlled sicklepod equal to pendimethalin PPI followed by imazaquin plus AC 263,222 at 71 + 18 g ai/ha or followed by a sequential application of AC 263,222 at 13 g ai/ha early POST followed by 9 g ai/ha late POST. Control with these treatments was no higher than for the standard of pendimethalin plus metribuzin PPI followed by chlorimuron POST at 9 g ai/ha, which controlled 86% sicklepod. Averaged across herbicide treatments, cultivation reduced percent sicklepod seed in harvested soybean samples 33% and increased soybean yield 19% compared with no cultivation. Soybean yield was highest for the chlorimuron standard and greater than that for the other treatments when averaged across cultivation treatments.

Effects of Row Spacing, Benomyl, and Duration of Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Interference on Soybean (Glycine max) Yields

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester G. McWhorter ◽  
Gabe L. Sciumbato
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Total Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Field experiments were conducted during a 3-yr period to study the effects of three soybean[Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] row spacings, four periods of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. # CASOB) competition, and timing of fungicide application for control of seed and foliar diseases of soybeans on soybean yields and growth of sicklepod Competition of sicklepod for 4 weeks reduced soybean yields in 2 of the 3 yr. Competition for the entire season significantly reduced the yield of soybeans regardless of row spacing. Average soybean yields were higher with 51-cm row spacings than with 102-cm row spacings regardless of fungicide treatment or period of sicklepod competition. Foliar applications of benomyl significantly increased soybean yields in only 1 of 3 yr. Sicklepod plants did not grow taller than soybeans until more than 96 days after emergence. Greatest rate of increase in weights of individual sicklepod plants and growth of axillary branches was in the period from 72 to 96 days after emergence. During this time, there was about an 8-fold increase in the number of leaves produced by sicklepod plants. The most rapid daily increase in height of sicklepod was in the period from 96 to 100 days after emergence when more than 50% of the total growth occurred. Height and weight of sicklepod plants were less when soybeans were grown in 25-cm row spacings than in 102-cm row spacings. No differences were noted in die internal microflora of soybean seed collected from fold plots with regard to the presence of sicklepod, duration of sicklepod interference, or timing of fungicide application.

scholarly journals Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata L.) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Altom ◽  
R. B. Westerman ◽  
D. S. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Butanoic Acid ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Eclipta Prostrata ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Sequential Treatments

Abstract Field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1993 to evaluate eclipta, Eclipta prostrata L., control and peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., response to herbicide treatments. Fomesafen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrobenzamide} applied at cracking was the only preemergence-applied herbicide which provided season-long control (>84%). Herbicides applied postemergence were more effective when the eclipta was less than 5 cm in height. The most consistent early postemergence treatments were bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazm-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide], and bentazon + acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} + 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)butanoic acid]. Various other early postemergence followed by late postemergence sequential treatments also were equally effective. Minor peanut injury was observed at the early season rating from several herbicides; however, all injury had disappeared by the late season rating. Eclipta control did not consistently improve peanut pod yield.

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