Evaluation of the average performance of topcrosses among food and grain type soybean

The food type soybean (exotic) are, in general, non-adapted to the Brazilian growing conditions. A breeding strategy to develop adapted food type soybean should involve crossing exotic with the available grain type genotypes. We evaluated the performance of topcrosses among food type and grain type soybeans. Best progenies showed different performance rates in each environment and they were not always the same in the different environments and joint analysis of lodging (L), plant height at maturity (PHM) and agronomic value (AV) was essential to avoid selection of plants with good performance for one trait and bad for another.) Piracicaba autumn environment (PA) caused low individual plant yield performance (IPY), and consequently, cultivation was not economically viable in this period. Best progenies presented appropriate trait averages for inclusion in the category of vegetable soybean in all evaluated environments.

Download Full-text

Preliminar evaluation of performance in topcrosses between vegetable type and grain type soybean

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132000000300004 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 267-273

Author(s):

Gilberto K. Yokomizo ◽

Natal A. Vello ◽

Marcos C. Nekastchalow

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Selection Process ◽

Food Type ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Plant Yield ◽

Evaluation Of Performance ◽

Winter Conditions ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Selection For

Studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of topcrosses between food type soybean (with tendency to low physiological quality of the seeds) with two adapted grain type, seeking to associate adequate human food characteristics with adaptability. The conclusions were: a) The best topcrosses for vegetable type soybean were obtained predominantly with ´FT-2` and for seed yield with ´Doko`; b) The evaluated topcrosses presented high sensibility to winter conditions in comparison to summer, consequently the selection process in the winter it must be avoided; c) The selection for food type soybean it must be established in adequate values between individual plant yield and one hundred seed weight.

Download Full-text

Application of prognostic breeding in maize

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp15206 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 605 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vasileios Greveniotis ◽

Vasilia A. Fasoula

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Genetic Gain ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Breeding Strategy ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Selection Strategy ◽

Plant Yield ◽

High Selection ◽

Selection Of

Innovative approaches and new efficiencies in plant breeding are required to accelerate the progress of genetic improvement through selection. One such approach is the application of prognostic breeding, which is an integrated crop-improvement methodology that enables selection of plants for high crop yield potential by evaluating its two components: plant yield potential and stability of performance. Plant yield and stability are assessed concurrently in each generation by utilising the plant prognostic equation. The genetic material used for this study was 2350 F2 plants (C0) of the commercial maize hybrid Costanza. The study presents the results of the application of prognostic breeding for 6 years in two contrasting environments (A and B), starting from C0 and ending in C5. It utilises ultra-high selection pressures (1.5% to 0.5%) to isolate superior lines with crop yield comparable to Costanza, and estimates the annual genetic gain accomplished through application of this selection strategy. Application of prognostic breeding led to the isolation of superior lines whose productivity was comparable to Costanza. The productivity gap between Costanza and the best selection was reduced from 87% (C0) to 0.5% (C5) in trial 1 (environment A), from 87% (C0) to 2% (C5) in trial 2 (environment B) and from 70% (C0) to 1% (C3) in trial 3 (environment B). Genetic gain was much higher (up to 50%) in the early cycles C0–C2 of prognostic breeding and smaller in cycles C3–C5. The best lines selected were evaluated in randomised complete block trials across both environments and 2 years. Across years, the top two lines in environments A and B averaged 87% and 91% of the Costanza yield, respectively, and they had higher prolificacy (greater number of ears per plant) than Costanza. Across all cycles, the average annual genetic gain ranged from 23% to 36% in the different trials, providing evidence that selection efficiency can be significantly maximised by using this breeding strategy.

Download Full-text

Asparagus: value of individual plant yield and fern characteristics as selection criteria

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1080/03015521.1986.10423058 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 417-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P.G. Falloon ◽

A.S. Nikoloff

Keyword(s):

Selection Criteria ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Plant Yield

Download Full-text

Alternatives to sowing vegetable type soybeans

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89131998000400007 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 429-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edcarlos Mannfredini ◽

Deonisio Destro ◽

Martin Homechin ◽

Gustavo Sachsida ◽

Édison Miglioranza

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Food Type ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Disposable Plastic

Today, soybean crops of the Tamba Kurodaisu cultivar are sown in beds prior to transplantation to the field. This planting system has caused crop failure due to damage to the root system. An experiment to test different sowing alternatives to obtain plantlets for cropping of food type big seeded soybean was set up with the following treatments: sowing in beds; sowing in 130 cm³ newspaper cups; sowing in test tubes of volumes of 30 cm³, 60 cm³ and 70 cm³; sowing in 70 cm³ disposable plastic cups; sowing on 90 cm³ styrofoam trays. A randomized complete block design was used, and the following traits were assessed: germination percentage; number of days to flowering; plant height at flowering; number of days to maturity; plant height at maturity; number of seeds per plant; individual plant yield; weight of a hundred seeds. Results should that three methods could be used to set up Tamba Kurodaisu cultivar crops: sowing in disposable plastic cups, sowing in beds with later transplant, or direct sowing in the field.

Download Full-text

Simultaneous selection for high yield and stability in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859602001946 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 138 (3) ◽

pp. 249-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

F. MEKBIB

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽

Yield Stability ◽

High Yield ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Simultaneous Selection ◽

Selection For ◽

Stability Statistics ◽

Selection Of

Phenotypic yield stability is a trait of special interest for plant breeders and farmers. This value can be quantified if genotypes are evaluated in different environments. Common bean is the main cash crop and protein source of farmers in many lowland and mid-altitude areas of Ethiopia. An experiment was undertaken to evaluate common bean genotypes for yield performance at Alemaya, Bako and Nazreth in Ethiopia for 3 years. The yield performance of genotypes was subjected to stability analysis and yield-stability statistics were generated to aid the selection of genotypes that were high yielding and very stable. The significant genotype by environment interaction indicated that the relative performance of the varieties altered in the different environments. Genotype yield performance varied ranging from 1511–2216 kg/ha. Simultaneous selection for yield and yield-stability statistics using YS(i) statistics indicated that A 410, GLP x92, Mx-2500-19, G 2816, A-195, 997-CH-1173, Diacol calima, ICA 15541 and AND 635 were both high yielding and stable. Following this study, using farmers’ evaluation and other criteria, GLP x92 and G-2816 were identified as preferred genotypes and were released for further production.

Download Full-text

Genetic Polymorphism of SCD1 Gene of Holstein-Friesian Cows in Indonesia

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner ◽

10.14334/jitv.v24i2.1905 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Ari Sulistyo Wulandari ◽

HD Rahayu ◽

SD Volkandari ◽

N Herlina ◽

S Anwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Genetic Polymorphism ◽

Breeding Strategy ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽

Molecular Selection ◽

Friesian Cattle ◽

Selection Of ◽

Friesian Cows

Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) belongs to the fatty acid family of desaturases. In lactating ruminants, the SCD1 protein is highly expressed in the mammary gland and is relevant for the fatty acid composition of milk and dairy products. Polymorphism of SCD1 gene in Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows could be used as a basis of molecular selection of cattle in order to increase their productivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of SCD1 gene of Holstein-Friesian cows in Indonesia. A total of 162 blood samples of HF cows were collected from four different locations i.e. Bogor, Sukabumi, Tasikmalaya and Enrekang districts. Genotyping of SCD1 gene used PCR-RFLP method with NcoI restriction enzyme. The result showed that three genotypes (AA, AV and VV) and two alleles (A and V) have successfully found and polymorphic. A allele was dominant in all populations (0.63) and in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. The highest A allele was found in Sukabumi (0.78) and the lowest was in Bogor (0.55). Heterozigosity observed and expected reached 0.471 and 0.470, respectively. In conclusion, genetic polymorphism was found in all population with dominant of A allele. This finding can be used as a early genetic information of Holstein-Friesian cattle in Indonesia and to build breeding strategy for improving of productivity especially improving of healthy fat milk.

Download Full-text

Quantitative Genomic Dissection of Soybean Yield Components

G3 Genes|Genome|Genetics ◽

10.1534/g3.119.400896 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 665-675

Author(s):

Alencar Xavier ◽

Katy M. Rainey

Keyword(s):

Genomic Prediction ◽

Yield Components ◽

Genetic Architecture ◽

Breeding Strategy ◽

Genotype By Environment ◽

Field Crops ◽

Common Parent ◽

Data Collections ◽

Enhanced Yield ◽

Selection Of

Soybean is a crop of major economic importance with low rates of genetic gains for grain yield compared to other field crops. A deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of yield components may enable better ways to tackle the breeding challenges. Key yield components include the total number of pods, nodes and the ratio pods per node. We evaluated the SoyNAM population, containing approximately 5600 lines from 40 biparental families that share a common parent, in 6 environments distributed across 3 years. The study indicates that the yield components under evaluation have low heritability, a reasonable amount of epistatic control, and partially oligogenic architecture: 18 quantitative trait loci were identified across the three yield components using multi-approach signal detection. Genetic correlation between yield and yield components was highly variable from family-to-family, ranging from -0.2 to 0.5. The genotype-by-environment correlation of yield components ranged from -0.1 to 0.4 within families. The number of pods can be utilized for indirect selection of yield. The selection of soybean for enhanced yield components can be successfully performed via genomic prediction, but the challenging data collections necessary to recalibrate models over time makes the introgression of QTL a potentially more feasible breeding strategy. The genomic prediction of yield components was relatively accurate across families, but less accurate predictions were obtained from within family predictions and predicting families not observed included in the calibration set.

Download Full-text

Evaluasi kesesuaian jenis dan penataan tanaman pada lansekap jalan di Jalan Dharma Giri Gianyar

Jurnal Arsitektur Lansekap ◽

10.24843/jal.2020.v06.i01.p06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Ida Bagus Krisnayana ◽

Ni Wayan Febriana Utami ◽

Ida Ayu Mayun

Keyword(s):

Open Space ◽

Field Survey ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Direct Sunlight ◽

Median Part ◽

Plant Maintenance ◽

Principles Of Design ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

And Function ◽

Selection Of

Street infrastructure is now equipped with various kinds of plant elements that known as streetscape, so the existence of the street is not monotonous. Beside the landscape of the street also has a function as a medium for green open space. Therefore, the selection of plant species and arrangement of plants in streetscape must be in accordance with the criteria of plant morphology of the streetscape. Evaluation was carried out based on the problems that occur in the suitability of species and arrangement of plants in the landscape of the street. The purpose of this study was to determine the existing conditions found on the streetscape on the Dharma Giri and to determine the suitability of species and arrangement of plants as a streetscape plant. The method used in this research was field survey with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the general condition of the vegetation and plant selection in Dharma Giri streetscape was almost in accordance with the growing conditions needed by the plants. It conditions generally grow well. Mostly the plants were planted in the median part of the street and also in both side of the street which was also able to adapt with direct sunlight exposure and was not require high intensity of watering. It was also observed from the aspect of arrangement using the approach of the three principles of design which includes themes, rhythm, and balance. However, the plant maintenance activities needs to be improved so it possibly maintained the esthetics and function of the streetscape.

Download Full-text

Cultural and Mechanical Manipulation ofCyperusSpp.

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00029183 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 82-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Norman C. Glaze

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Control Program ◽

Control Methods ◽

Cyperus Esculentus ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Program Selection ◽

Mechanical Methods ◽

Mechanical Manipulation ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Selection Of

Cultural and mechanical methods are viable options for inclusion in any weed control program. Selection of weed control methods is determined by crop, cost, desired yield, weather, and labor availability. Yellow and purple nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL. # CYPES and C.rotundusL. # CYPRO) have proliferated as production inputs have intensified. Nutsedge densities have increased largely due to reduced competition as better annual weed control and improved growing conditions have resulted.

Download Full-text