Weeds, Crops, and Herbicides: A Modern-Day “Neckriddle”

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Radosevich ◽  
Claudio M. Ghersa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Social Components ◽  
Insight Into

The agricultural community is currently involved in a debate with other members of society concerning many of the tools and tactics used to grow food. The discipline of weed science represents a microcosm of this larger societal debate, and thus is indicative of many other applied agricultural disciplines. Weed science comprises six fundamental disciplines, which have been arranged to depict its three major areas of research: weed technology, weed biology, and the ethics of weed control. Insight into those components of the debate that involve weed science is gained by examining each area. It seems unlikely that solutions to the “neckriddle” can be found through traditional research because of the integrative nature of agriculture, which involves environmental, economic, and social components. It is hoped that movement toward more holistic approaches to research will lead to resolution of the debate between society and the agricultural community.

Concerns a Weed Scientist Might Have About Herbicide-Tolerant Crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Radosevich ◽  
Claudio M. Ghersa ◽  
Gary Comstock
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Recent Refinement

There are three primary activities that characterize the discipline of Weed Science. These activities are weed technology, weed biology, and the ethics of weed control. Each of these activities needs to be considered as herbicide-tolerant crops (HTCs) are introduced. HTCs are the most recent refinement in the existing technology to control weeds. The potential benefits from the improved weed control must be weighed against possible increased costs of production and potential for genes that control herbicide tolerance to escape into non-tolerant plant populations. These questions about herbicide resistance are primarily technological and biological. They demonstrate the paucity of information in Weed Science on weed genetics, gene flow, fitness, and other aspects of weed-crop population dynamics. Other questions about HTCs are ethical. They require that we ask who benefits from the technology and what are the economic, ecological, and social consequences of it.

The Identification and Utilization of Weed Biology Information

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Parka
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
The Subject

The divisions and subjects of weed biology were identified. Twenty-eight representatives from the herbicide industry ranked the priority of the identified subjects. They also gave their thoughts and impressions on specific questions dealing with weed biology. The divisions which received a moderate to high priority rating are: Identification and Classification of Weeds, Harmful Aspects of Weeds, Weed Growth and Development, and Weed Control. A review of the papers published inWeed Scienceindicates an increase in the number of papers being published on the subject of weed biology and a decrease in the number of papers dealing with chemical control. The proceedings of the regional weed societies in the U.S.A. had a high percent of the papers devoted to chemical control, with the lowest percentage devoted to weed biology. Comments are made as to why weed biology is important and how research data on weed biology would be used by industry. A comparison of the rating that industry assigned to the various subjects of weed biology to the amount of published literature indicates insufficient work has been done in many areas. It also appears that there is an imbalance in research. More work is being done on certain subjects that industry considers of lesser value than subjects of greater importance.

scholarly journals Semiotic Analysis of a Public Service Advertising I compost food waste

Nirmana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rudi Kurniawan ◽  
Sahrul N ◽  
Syafwandi Syafwandi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Public Service Advertising ◽  
Design Innovation ◽  
Service Advertising ◽  
Insight Into

Most of the current researches on analyzing public service advertisings (PSA) about food waste into compost is concentrated on the interconnection between environmental, economic, and social aspects. This study has considered the semiotic analysis of the selected PSA through Barthes’ The Five Codes theory. Using the semiotic framework, the paper explains the messages of the PSA “I Compost Food Waste” and describes how this advertising provides insight into design innovation. The findings have shown that the PSA combined with the semiotics is capable of raising people’s awareness about food waste into compost.

Survey Results on Environmental Issues and Weed Science Research Priorities within the Corn Belt

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Stoller ◽  
Loyd M. Wax ◽  
David M. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Science

A survey determined the views of individuals in seven groups comprising the weed science community in the corn belt (primarily in Illinois) for importance of 8 environmental and 14 crop production issues and 16 weed species in setting weed science research priorities for the next 3 to 5 yr. The survey also considered if funding of research to solve these environmental and production issues should be from the private or public sector. Velvetleaf, foxtail species, and common lambsquarters were considered the top three weed species by all respondents, and each of these weeds was among the five most important weeds within each of the seven survey groups. Improving ground and surface water quality were the foremost environmental issues for all respondents, but soybean growers listed herbicide carryover as their top environmental concern. Reducing herbicide residues in food and developing sustainable practices were given low preference by all groups. Sustainable growers rated reducing herbicide carryover and minimizing applicator exposure as their lowest priorities. Among all respondents, the top three production issues were improved weed control in conservation tillage, more economical weed control, and improved integrated control strategies. Studying the biology/life cycles of weeds was the third highest production priority of University and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) weed scientists, but was the last choice when averaged over the aggregate survey group. Developing strategies for resistant weeds and herbicide-resistant crops were chemical dealers top two priorities. Industry representatives gave the former subject their highest rating and the latter their lowest rating. Crop consultants seemed to want decision aids, as they chose assessing weed loss/thresholds and developing weed control/economic models among their top three production issues. Both corn and soybean growers desired more economical weed control as a first choice, while sustainable growers wanted improved cultural control strategies. Corn and soybean growers ranked developing new herbicides among their top three choices, but this issue was the lowest choice of the sustainable growers. University, USDA, and industrial weed scientists suggested that their own organizations conduct the research on their highest priorities issues.

Evolution of Weediness and Invasiveness: Charting the Course for Weed Genomics

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Neal Stewart ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel ◽  
David P. Horvath ◽  
James V. Anderson ◽  
Loren H. Rieseberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Genomic Tools ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
Collaborative Efforts ◽  
Selection Of

The genetic basis of weedy and invasive traits and their evolution remain poorly understood, but genomic approaches offer tremendous promise for elucidating these important features of weed biology. However, the genomic tools and resources available for weed research are currently meager compared with those available for many crops. Because genomic methodologies are becoming increasingly accessible and less expensive, the time is ripe for weed scientists to incorporate these methods into their research programs. One example is next-generation sequencing technology, which has the advantage of enhancing the sequencing output from the transcriptome of a weedy plant at a reduced cost. Successful implementation of these approaches will require collaborative efforts that focus resources on common goals and bring together expertise in weed science, molecular biology, plant physiology, and bioinformatics. We outline how these large-scale genomic programs can aid both our understanding of the biology of weedy and invasive plants and our success at managing these species in agriculture. The judicious selection of species for developing weed genomics programs is needed, and we offer up choices, but noArabidopsis-like model species exists in the world of weeds. We outline the roadmap for creating a powerful synergy of weed science and genomics, given well-placed effort and resources.

Contributions of Weed Science to Weed Control and Management1

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 1563-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLAN S. HAMILL ◽  
JODIE S. HOLT ◽  
CAROL A. MALLORY-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Science

Thomas K. Pavlychenko: Pioneer Weed Experimentalist

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-440
Author(s):  
Carol J. Bubar ◽  
Ian N. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Crop Ecology ◽  
The University

Thomas Karp Pavlychenko's pioneering investigations on the root systems of crops and weeds and the results of his research on weed biology and ecology at the University of Saskatchewan in the 1930's and 1940's provided the foundation for many of the principles of modern weed science. His classical studies in which he quantified the distribution and length of roots of many plant species continue to be regarded as being of unsurpassed caliber. In addition to his work in the areas of crop ecology and plant competition, Pavlychenko is also noted for his many contributions relating to the cultural and chemical control of weeds. In this paper, a brief chronicle of Pavlychenko's life and major accomplishments during his remarkable career at the University of Saskatchewan and later with the American Chemical and Paint Company is presented.

Influencing Agricultural Policy: Symposium Introduction

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard P. Gianessi ◽  
David C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weed Science ◽  
Crop Pest

A major debate is going on in the United States regarding the proper methods for crop pest management. One issue in this debate is whether weed control should be based largely on nonchemical or chemical means. This isn't the only issue that should be of interest to weed scientists, but it is important, and it illustrates the need to extend weed science research to influence public policy.

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