Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on Clethodim or Quizalofop Efficacy and the Role of Ultraviolet Light

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. McMullan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Spray Solution

Research was conducted at two sites during 1991 and 1993 at Brandon, MB to determine if sodium bicarbonate antagonizes clethodim or quizalofop efficacy and if ultraviolet light is a factor in any antagonism. Sodium bicarbonate in the spray solution reduced the efficacy of clethodim. However, removal of ultraviolet light partially reversed sodium bicarbonate antagonism of clethodim activity with all adjuvants except crop oil concentrate with or without ammonium sulfate. Amigo, crop oil concentrate plus ammonium sulfate, and Merge were the most effective adjuvants for clethodim with distilled water. However, only the adjuvant crop oil concentrate plus ammonium sulfate overcame sodium bicarbonate antagonism of clethodim. Enhance increased the activity of clethodim when sodium bicarbonate was present in the spray solution but overall was not as effective an adjuvant as crop oil concentrate plus ammonium sulfate. Sodium bicarbonate in the spray solution did not reduce quizalofop efficacy.

The effect of hard water, spray solution storage time, and ammonium sulfate on glyphosate efficacy and yield of glyphosate-resistant corn

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1401-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Mahoney ◽  
R. E. Nurse ◽  
P. H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Spray Solution

Mahoney, K. J., Nurse, R. E. and Sikkema, P. H. 2014. The effect of hard water, spray solution storage time, and ammonium sulfate on glyphosate efficacy and yield of glyphosate-resistant corn. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1401–1405. Effects of ammonium sulfate (AMS) on reduced glyphosate rates are well documented; however, these rates are not used by farmers. Studies in 2011 and 2012 determined the effects of AMS and hard water on glyphosate applied at a field rate. AMS (0 or 2.5 L ha−1) and glyphosate (900 g a.e. ha−1) were added to distilled or hard water carriers. Glyphosate plus AMS, in either distilled or hard water, did not usually affect velvetleaf, pigweed species, common ragweed, common lambsquarters and large crabgrass above-ground biomass and density 8 wk after treatment (WAT); however, velvetleaf biomass was reduced with the addition of AMS to glyphosate. Compared with the weedy control 8 WAT, glyphosate plus AMS reduced velvetleaf biomass by 93%, while treatments with no AMS reduced biomass by 77%. In distilled water, 4.8 common lambsquarters plants m−2 remained compared with 7.8 plants m−2 with glyphosate in hard water. For corn yield, an AMS×water hardness interaction was detected; however, no differences were observed among the treatment combinations and the addition of AMS to glyphosate did not affect yield. Therefore, advocating adding AMS to spray solutions containing glyphosate, especially when a labeled rate is used, should be called into question.

Grass Herbicide Efficacy as Influenced by Adjuvant, Spray Solution pH, and Ultraviolet Light

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. McMullan
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Spray Solution

Research was conducted at the Brandon Research Centre to determine the effect of spray solution pH or adjuvants on the efficacy of two cyclohexanedione (CHD) herbicides, clethodim and tralkoxydim, and two aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) herbicides, fenoxaprop-P and quizalofop, and if ultraviolet light is a factor influencing their activity. CHD herbicide efficacy decreased as spray solution pH increased above 7. APP herbicide efficacy was not affected by spray solution pH, probably due to their formulation as proherbicide esters. The choice of adjuvant affected CHD herbicide efficacy but not APP herbicide efficacy. Amigo®, Canplus-411® plus ammonium sulfate, and Merge® were usually the most effective adjuvants with the two CHD herbicides. Physical removal of ultraviolet light did not improve APP herbicide efficacy but did improve CHD herbicide efficacy.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Cerumenolytic Activities of New and Currently Used Agents

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132098606
Author(s):  
Nguyen Quynh Anh ◽  
Pawin Numthavaj ◽  
Thongchai Bhongmakapat
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
All Solutions

Objectives: This study compared the cerumen dissolution activities of 7.5% sodium bicarbonate, 5% potassium hydroxide, 10% lactic acid, 3% salicylic acid, 10% glycolic acid, and distilled water. Methods: An in vitro study was conducted with 36 cerumen samples. The cerumenolytic activities of the 6 agents were assessed by recording the degree of cerumen disintegration using digital photography at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 12 hours. The undissolved cerumen that remained after 12 hours was removed from the solutions and weighed after drying. Results: Potassium hydroxide showed the fastest cerumenolytic activity, dissolving a moderate amount of cerumen at 30 minutes, while glycolic acid and salicylic acid caused no visible changes in the cerumen samples. Samples treated with potassium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate exhibited higher degrees of disintegration compared to samples treated with distilled water (odds ratio and 95% CI: 273.237 [0.203-367 470.4] and 1.129 [0.002-850.341], respectively). The greatest reduction in cerumen weight was associated with the use of sodium bicarbonate; however, this result did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Among the solutions tested, 5% potassium hydroxide showed the fastest dissolution activity, yielding moderate disintegration within only 30 minutes. In terms of residual cerumen weight within 12 hours, all solutions exhibited equivalent effectiveness in the disintegration of cerumen.

scholarly journals Metabolic Acidosis in Patients with CKD: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Marcin Adamczak ◽  
Stanisław Surma
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Metabolic acidosis in CKD is diagnosed in patients with plasma or venous blood bicarbonate concentration lower than 22 mmol/L. Metabolic acidosis occurs in about 20% of patients with CKD. Metabolic acidosis may lead to dysfunction of many systems and organs as well as CKD progression. Currently, sodium bicarbonate is mainly used for pharmacological treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD. Veverimer is a new drug dedicated to treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD. Orally given veverimer binds hydrogen ions in the intestines and subsequently is excreted from the body with feces. Clinical studies have shown that veverimer is effective in increasing serum bicarbonate concentrations in CKD patients with metabolic acidosis. Here, we present review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of metabolic acidosis in CKD patients. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Metabolic acidosis is common in patients with CKD and contributes to CKD progression and many complications, which worsen the prognosis in these patients. Currently, sodium bicarbonate is mainly used in metabolic acidosis treatment. The role of the new drug veverimer in the metabolic acidosis therapy needs further studies. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> The aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge concerning the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of metabolic acidosis in CKD patients.

Effect of Undernutrition During the Perinatal Period on Caries Development in the Rat: II. Caries Susceptibility in Underfed Rats Supplemented with Protein or Caloric Additions During the Suckling Period

1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Menaker ◽  
Juan M. Navia
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Low Incidence

The specific role of protein deficiency in altering dental caries incidence in rat pups was investigated. A 10% protein supplement given to undernourished rats during development allowed them to overcome weight deficiencies and reversed dental caries to the low incidence found in well-nourished control rats. Caries in undernourished rats supplemented with an isocaloric, proteinfree solution, was as high as that of undernourished rats intubated with distilled water.

scholarly journals Effect of Aging on the Cornea of Male Albino Rat and Possible Therapeutic Role of Royal Jelly

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H R Elareny ◽  
A I Ahmed ◽  
A F Alneklawy ◽  
M K Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Therapeutic Role ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Introduction Nowadays interest in aging has greatly increased, Aging is a complex natural process involving every molecule, cell, and organ in the body that is associated with tissue dysfunction in many organs. Aging of the cornea causes major eye effects and leads to substantial cost in medical and social terms. These effects include the highly prevalent dry eye disease (DED) that affects both visual function and quality of life in elderly. Symptoms of (DED) include, ocular pain, visual disturbances, and increase lacrimation. Functional foods such as Royal jelly (RJ) have a growing attention because of consumers increasing concerns about their health. Its importance not only for its nutritional properties but also for its functional and biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-ulcerous activities. It is used as a cheap natural source in daily life and medicine. (RJ) is a complex substance composed of proteins, sugars, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Aim The present study aimed to investigate the histological effect of aging on the cornea of male albino rat and possible therapeutic role of (RJ) on senile group. Materials and Methods Twenty-four male albino rats were used in this study divided into Group I: consisted of 6 adult male rats aged 3- 6 months. Group II: consisted of 18 senile male rats aged 18-24 months, were further subdivided into three subgroups as follows: Group II A: (n = 6) negative control senile rats, not subjected to any procedure for 4 weeks. Group II B: (n = 6) control senile rats and were given distilled water by oral gavage once daily for 4 weeks. Group II C: (n = 6) senile rats were given (RJ) by oral gavage dissolved in distilled water once daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed after being deeply anesthetized with ether according to the protocol of the Committee of Animal Research Ethics (CARE). The cornea of each animal was carefully dissected out after death and immediately fixed in 10% formalin for preparation of paraffin blocks 5 micrometer thickness. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (I-I&E), Masson's trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Statistical analysis and quantitative morphometric study were done. Results Light microscopic examination of corneas of senile rats revealed different pathological changes included irregularity in the surface epithelium as well as surface erosions and cytoplasmic vacuolations. The stroma showed widely separated collagen fibers with decreased keratocyte density. It was concluded that (RJ) supplementation to senile rats obviously unproved all layers of the cornea histologically.

Role of Ceramides in Skin Stress: Ultraviolet Light, Tape Stripping and Crowding

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeong Jun Choi ◽  
Howard I. Maibach
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Tape Stripping

Role of sodium citrate in leaching of low-grade and multiphase zinc oxide ore in ammonia–ammonium sulfate solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yang ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Chao Lv ◽  
Jinhui Peng ◽  
Shiwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Solution

The role of sodium chloride in the process of induction by lithium chloride in cells of the Rana pipiens gastrula

Development ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
Lester G. Barth ◽  
Lucena J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sodium Ions ◽  
Monovalent Cations ◽  
High Concentration

A study of the effects of a series of monovalent cations, Li+, Na+ and K+, and a series of divalent cations, Mn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, upon small aggregates of cells taken from the presumptive epidermis of Rana pipiens gastrulae revealed that these ions induce nerve and pigment cells (Barth, 1965). The effectiveness of both series of ions as inductors was similar to their effects on decreasing the electrophoretic mobility of DNA as determined by Ross & Scruggs (1964). When it was found that sucrose in glass-distilled water also would induce nerve and pigment cells the role of ions as inductors came under closer scrutiny. A study of the nature of the induction by sucrose revealed that a relatively high concentration of sodium ions was necessary in the culture medium used after sucrose treatment (Barth, 1966).

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