Effects of Fallow Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Control Programs on Newly Planted Sugarcane (Saccharumspp. hybrids)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Stalk ◽  
Tillage Operation

Field experiments were conducted in Louisiana to evaluate the effectiveness of tillage, tillage plus herbicide, and herbicide-only fallow programs in controlling bermudagrass. Tillage of fallow fields three times at 3- to 4-wk intervals between row formation in late May and planting in late September or early October reduced bermudagrass infestations in the newly planted crop in December 44 to 51%. When the final tillage operation was replaced by glyphosate postemergence at either 2.24 or 3.36 kg ai/ha in late August, bermudagrass infestation level in December on the surface of the newly planted rows was reduced to below 20%. Two applications of glyphosate at 3.36 kg/ha were more effective than tillage only and as effective as tillage twice followed by glyphosate in reducing bermudagrass infestation levels in the newly planted crop. Application of atrazine at 3.36 kg ai/ha, imazapyr at 0.68 kg ai/ha, metribuzin at 1.68 kg ai/ha, or sulfometuron at 0.14 and 0.28 kg ai/ha to newly formed rows in late May of the fallow period did not reduce the need for tillage or an application of glyphosate during the fallow period to control bermudagrass, but imazapyr at 1.12 kg/ha did. Sugarcane shoot populations in December of the fallow year were similar for the treatment programs despite differences in bermudagrass infestation levels, which ranged from 11 to 94%. However, sugarcane stalk number and height and cane and sugar yield in the plant-cane crop the following year were highest when glyphosate was applied to bermudagrass as two applications either alone or following the application of atrazine or metribuzin, when tillage was followed with one application of glyphosate, and in 1 yr when imazapyr alone was applied to newly formed rows.

Summer Fallow and After-Planting Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Control Programs for Sugarcane (Saccharumspp. hybrids)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donnie K. Miller ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Edward P. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Stalk ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Summer Fallow

Based on bermudagrass ground cover 2 wk prior to sugarcane planting, tillage plus glyphosate applied postemergence sequentially at 3.4 followed by 2.2 kg ai/ha or a single application at 3.4 kg/ha during the summer fallow period was more effective than tillage alone. Effectiveness of tillage was enhanced when less rainfall was received during the summer fallow period the first year. Rainfall of less than 1 cm 20 d after preemergence application of sulfometuron at 0.2 kg ai/ha in June resulted in 100% bermudagrass ground cover the first year compared with 37% the second year with 15 cm of rainfall during the same period. Terbacil applied after sugarcane planting and metribuzin applied in February resulted in bermudagrass ground cover in May or June of 62% (experiment 1) and 2% (experiment 2) when sulfometuron was used during the fallow period, but no more than 5% when terbacil and metribuzin followed glyphosate plus tillage or tillage alone. In most cases, bermudagrass ground cover at that time was greater when the same glyphosate/tillage treatments were followed by atrazine after planting and pendimethalin plus atrazine in February compared with terbacil after planting and metribuzin in February. When after-planting and February herbicide treatments were applied, sugarcane stalk population, height, and yield each was equivalent regardless of the previous fallow treatment.

Control of Perennated Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Sugarcane (Saccharumspp. hybrids)

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Sugarcane Stalk ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Levels Of Control

In two separate field experiments conducted over time, at-planting preemergence (PRE) applications of sulfometuron at 110 to 150 g ai/ha followed by March applications of sulfometuron at 30 g/ha or metribuzin at 2,580 g ai/ha at the start of the initial (plant cane) growing season controlled more bermudagrass and johnsongrass emerging in sugarcane from rhizome and stolon pieces than standard at-planting followed by March applications of atrazine at 2,240 g ai/ha (no control), metribuzin at 2,580 g ai/ha, or pendimethalin at 2,240 g ai/ha. Treatments containing at-planting applications of imazapyr at 280 g ai/ha or thiazopyr at 560 g ai/ha did not provide levels of control similar to sulfometuron. Crop injury in excess of 10% occurred only when imazapyr at 280 g/ha (18 to 42%) or sulfometuron at 30 g/ha (11 to 32%) was applied in March to emerging sugarcane. Sugarcane stalk numbers, stalk heights, and ultimately cane and sugar yields were increased when compared to the standards with all sulfometuron treatments and when thiazopyr was applied at planting and again in March.

Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Interference in Newly Planted Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Weller ◽  
Walter A. Skroch ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Field experiments conducted over a 2-yr period demonstrated that common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. # CYNDA] inhibited growth of newly planted peach (Prunus persica L. ‘Norman’) trees. Common bermudagrass densities of 100, 75, 50, and 25% ground cover reduced tree fresh weight by 86, 64, 43, and 19%, respectively, the first year (1978) and 87, 62, 44, and 28%, respectively, the second year (1979) after planting. Tree trunk diameter relative growth rate (RGR) was reduced by 75 and 100% common bermudagrass ground cover densities at all measurement dates only in 1978. Tree leaf N and K were reduced in both years by common bermudagrass; however, only at the 100% common bermudagrass density in 1978 was N at a deficient level. Leaf chlorophyll was reduced in trees grown in all densities of common bermudagrass only in 1978. Reduced tree growth cannot be explained entirely by competition for essential nutrients; thus an allelopathic effect of the bermudagrass on young peach roots is suspected.

Critical time for weed removal in glyphosate-resistant soybean as influenced by preemergence herbicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
Pavle Pavlovic ◽  
O. Adewale Osipitan ◽  
Ethann R. Barnes ◽  
Clint Beiermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Alternative Sites ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Weed Removal

AbstractWidespread and repeated use of glyphosate resulted in an increase in glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds. This led to an urgent need for diversification of weed control programs and use of PRE herbicides with alternative sites of action. Field experiments were conducted over a 4-yr period (2015 to 2018) across three locations in Nebraska to evaluate the effects of PRE-applied herbicides on critical time for weed removal (CTWR) in GR soybean. The studies were laid out in a split-plot arrangement with herbicide regime as the main plot and weed removal timing as the subplot. The herbicide regimes used were either no PRE or premix of either sulfentrazone plus imazethapyr (350 + 70 g ai ha−1) or saflufenacil plus imazethapyr plus pyroxasulfone (26 + 70 + 120 g ai ha−1). The weed removal timings were at V1, V3, V6, R2, and R5 soybean stages, with weed-free and weedy season-long checks. Weeds were removed by application of glyphosate (1,400 g ae ha−1) or by hoeing. The results across all years and locations suggested that the use of PRE herbicides delayed CTWR in soybean. In particular, the CTWR without PRE herbicides was determined to be around the V1 to V2 (14 to 21 d after emergence [DAE]) growth stage, depending on the location and weed pressure. The use of PRE-applied herbicides delayed CTWR from about the V4 (28 DAE) stage up to the R5 (66 DAE) stage. These results suggest that the use of PRE herbicides in GR soybean could delay the need for POST application of glyphosate by 2 to 5 wk, thereby reducing the need for multiple applications of glyphosate during the growing season. Additionally, the use of PRE herbicides could provide additional modes of action needed to manage GR weeds in GR soybean.

scholarly journals Tolerance of certain sugar beet varieties to diseases

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
S. Radivojevic ◽  
Irena Dosenovic ◽  
V. Filipovic ◽  
R. Rozic
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Cercospora Beticola ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Trial Network ◽  
Second Year

Sugar beet varieties' micro trials were conducted at Kikinda site in 2005 and at five localities from the provincial trial network in 2006. The micro trials were set according to standard methods with 5 replications each year. Sugar beet was harvested at two periods in both years. Chemical analyses were conducted at the laboratories of the Faculty of Technology. The obtained data were processed according to the standard methods used in the Serbian sugar industry. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA procedures. The results showed that varieties with triple tolerance to diseases (Solea and Gazeta) had marked performance in the trial at Kikinda site as compared to other varieties. Variety Solea was the highest in granulated sugar yield (10.941 t/ha) while control had 6.565 t/ha in the second harvest term at Kikinda site. The lowest infestation level with Cercospora beticola was recorded for the above mentioned varieties with triple tolerance and which were scored with 1.8 and 1.3 points, respectively, in the ranking scale that ranged from 0 to 5 points. Similar results were obtained in the second year of experiment. Variety Prestige, also triple tolerant to diseases, showed the best performance in the granulated sugar yield, yielding 13.969 t/ha. This variety showed the best tolerance to Cercospora beticola, being scored with only 0.4 points on the ranking scale for infestation level. Accordingly, the triple tolerant varieties of sugar beet were among the highest in the root and granulated sugar yields with equal number of treatments against Cercospora beticola.

Annual weed management in isoxaflutole-resistant soybean using a two-pass weed control strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-425
Author(s):  
Andrea Smith ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Allan J. Kaastra ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The One ◽  
Herbicide Programs

AbstractTransgenic crops are being developed with herbicide resistance traits to expand innovative weed management solutions for crop producers. Soybean with traits that confer resistance to the hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase herbicide isoxaflutole is under development and will provide a novel herbicide mode of action for weed management in soybean. Ten field experiments were conducted over 2 years (2017 and 2018) on five soil textures with isoxaflutole-resistant soybean to evaluate annual weed control using one- and two-pass herbicide programs. The one-pass weed control programs included isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, applied PRE, at a low rate (52.5 + 210 g ai ha−1), medium rate (79 + 316 g ai ha−1), and high rate (105 + 420 g ai ha−1); and glyphosate applied early postemergence (EPOST) or late postemergence (LPOST). The two-pass weed control programs included isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, applied PRE, followed by glyphosate applied LPOST, and glyphosate applied EPOST followed by LPOST. At 4 weeks after the LPOST application, control of common lambsquarters, pigweed species, common ragweed, and velvetleaf was variable at 25% to 69%, 49% to 86%, and 71% to 95% at the low, medium, and high rates of isoxaflutole plus metribuzin, respectively. Isoxaflutole plus metribuzin at the low, medium, and high rates controlled grass species evaluated (i.e., barnyardgrass, foxtail, crabgrass, and witchgrass) 85% to 97%, 75% to 99%, and 86% to 100%, respectively. All two-pass weed management programs provided 98% to 100% control of all species. Weed control improved as the rate of isoxaflutole plus metribuzin increased. Two-pass programs provided excellent, full-season annual grass and broadleaf weed control in isoxaflutole-resistant soybean.

Seeding Date, Seeding Rate, and Row Spacing Affect Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Cheat (Bromus secalinus)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
John B. Solie ◽  
Stanley G. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

Field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to determine the effects of winter wheat seeding date and cheat infestation level on cultural cheat control obtained by increasing winter wheat seeding rates and decreasing row spacing. Seeding rate and row spacing interactions influenced cheat density, biomass, or seed in harvested wheat (dockage) at two of three locations. Suppressive effects on cheat of increasing wheat seeding rates and reduced row spacings were greater in wheat seeded in September than later. At two other locations, increasing seeding rate from 67 to 101 kg ha–1or reducing row spacings from 22.5 to 15 cm increased winter wheat yield over a range of cheat infestation levels.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, plant population and irrigation on sugar beet: II. Nutrient concentration and uptake

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
M. J. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Wide Range

SUMMARYThe concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium was measured in the dry matter of sugar beet from four field experiments (1966–9). All combinations of four amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (0–1·8 cwt/acre), four plant populations (8800–54000 plants/acre) and irrigation were tested, which gave a wide range of plant size and yield. Nutrient concentration and uptake by the crop were also greatly affected by the treatments.Nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation increased uptake of nitrogen by the crop but increasing the plant population had little effect on uptake and decreased the concentration of nitrogen. Sugar yield was related to the total nitrogen concentration in tops and roots and to uptake. There were optimal values of nitrogen concentration for maximal sugar yield, but the optima were greatly affected by plant population. Leaf colour was a good guide to nitrogen concentration.Phosphorus concentration was affected little by the treatments but cation concentrations were greatly affected. In general, uptake of all the elements was increased by all treatments – the exception was sodium, which decreased as the plant population increased but this was balanced to somo extent by increased potassium uptake.

Efficacy and Economics of Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Abstract Field experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to evaluate various postemergence graminicides for common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L). Pers.) control in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). A single application of fluazifop-P [(R)-2-[4[[5-(trifluorornethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid] or clethodim [(E, E)-(±)-2-[1-[[(3-chloro-2-propenyl)oxy]imino] propyl]-5-[2-ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one] controlled approximately 25 to 30% more common bermudagrass than a single application of sethoxydim (2-[1-(ethoxyimino) butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one) or quizalofop [(±)-2-[4[(6-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid]. Two graminicide applications were required for greater than 90% common bermudagrass control. Treatments which provided greater than 90% control included two applications of sethoxydim (0.31 followed by (fb) 0.31 kg ha-1 or 0.31 fb 0.16 kg ha-1), fluazifop-P (0.21 fb 0.21 kg ha-1) or 0.21 fb 0.11 kg ha-1), and clethodim (0.28 fb 0.28 kg ha-1). These same treatments provided complete common bermudagrass control when evaluated the following summer. Peanut yield and net return from a single graminicide application generally were not improved with two applications.

Application of anhydrous ammonia or urea during the fallow period for winter cereals on the Darling Downs, Queensland .II. The recovery of 15N by wheat and sorghum in soil and plant at harvest

Soil Research ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Strong ◽  
PG Saffigna ◽  
JE Cooper ◽  
AL Cogle
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
15N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Content ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Application Depth

Three field experiments were conducted on the Darling Downs (Queensland) to evaluate fertilizer management practices such as application depth and addition of nitrification inhibitor (N-serve), for nitrogen (N) applied in the February-May fallow period for winter cereals. Anhydrous ammonia or urea was applied in February, March or May at two depths (7 or 17 cm), with or without N-serve. Soil fertilized in February generally had a lower mineral-N content at sowing than soil fertilized in May. Deeper application (17 cm) in February did not increase soil mineral-N content to 0.2 m depth in May but addition of N-serve did at one site where it appeared to slow the movement of mineral N into the subsoil (0.2-0.4 m). A companion experiment was conducted at each site in which 15N-enriched urea was applied to a small (1 m2) area at the centre of a 4 m2 fertilized plot. Effects of fertilizer placement and N-serve treatment, as were used in field experiments, were evaluated in terms of crop recovery of 15N and total 15N recovery in plant and soil at harvest. Recovery of 15N by wheat, sown at two sites in June, showed that neither fertilizer management practice, application depth nor N-serve affected 15N recovery. At only one site did wheat recover less February-applied N than May-applied N. N-serve had no effect on 15N recovery by sorghum sown in October, of N applied in February or May, but 15N recovery was increased by deeper fertilizer placement. Total recovery of 15N in soil and plant after wheat harvest was lower (-74%) for February-application than for May-application (>94%). Similarly, total 15N recovery after sorghum was lower the earlier the fertilizer was applied. Unrecovered 15N was presumed lost due to denitrification during periods of temporary waterlogging of surface soil. Use of N-serve with the fertilizer application had no effect in conserving 15N applied for wheat or sorghum. However, deeper (17 cm) placement of N than normal (7 cm) promoted higher total recoveries, and therefore reduced losses, of applied 15N at the three sites.

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