Sequential Applications of Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicides for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Control in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Turf

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicides were sequentially applied to tall fescue over a 2-yr period to determine the lowest herbicide rates needed for acceptable large crabgrass control. Prodiamine was the only PRE herbicide that provided full-season large crabgrass control in tall fescue turf. The control was 85% in plots treated at one-third recommended rate (0.3 kg/ha) and 96% at the full rate (0.8 kg/ha). Sequential applications of oxadiazon at one-third recommended rate (1.1 kg/ha) in late February followed by fenoxaprop (0.2 kg/ha) in June controlled 85% large crabgrass in late August. Control was similar in mid-August when pendimethalin, dithiopyr, or oryzalin at one-third recommended rates was followed by fenoxaprop, but was not acceptable (≤ 74%) by late August. In most instances, large crabgrass control was higher when fenoxaprop followed the PRE herbicide application than with MSMA. Reduced herbicide rates may not provide full-season large crabgrass control in other areas with different soil and weather conditions. Tall fescue quality was not affected by prodiamine, dithiopyr, and oxadiazon. In 1996, pendimethalin at 3.3 kg/ha reduced turf quality 16% and oryzalin at 2.2 kg/ha reduced quality by 46%. In 1995, MSMA reduced the quality of tall fescue more (≤ 21%) than fenoxaprop (≤ 10%). When compared to the use of PRE and POST herbicides alone, sequential PRE plus POST herbicide programs did not affect turfgrass quality.

Effect of Reduced Dithiopyr and Prodiamine Rates on Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Control in Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Turf

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Dithiopyr and prodiamine are new preemergence herbicides for crabgrass control in tall fescue and bermudagrass turf. A field experiment was conducted over a 2-yr period to determine the lowest rates of dithiopyr and prodiamine needed to control large crabgrass effectively in tall fescue and common bermudagrass. Prodiamine applied at 0.17 kg ai/ha in each of two applications controlled 92 to 93% of large crabgrass by late August in common bermudagrass and 78 to 85% in tall fescue. Dithiopyr applied at 0.11 kg ai/ha in each of two applications controlled 85 to 89% of large crabgrass in common bermudagrass, but the control was not consistent across years at any rate in tall fescue. Dithiopyr applied at 0.56 kg/ha on tall fescue controlled 91% of large crabgrass in 1993, but only 38% in 1994. The higher control with dithiopyr in common bermudagrass was due to greater competition with germinating large crabgrass seeds and emerging seedlings during the summer, compared with little or no competition from tall fescue. The quality of tall fescue and common bermudagrass treated with dithiopyr and prodiamine was generally higher in plots where large crabgrass was effectively controlled than in plots with poor control. In general, dithiopyr did not control large crabgrass as effectively in tall fescue as in common bermudagrass, while the control with prodiamine was similar for the two turfgrass species.

Reduced Preemergence Herbicide Rates for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Control in Six Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Cultivars

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson ◽  
Robert N. Carrow
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Made In ◽  
Large Crabgrass

A field experiment was conducted over a 2-yr period to determine the effects of reduced PRE herbicide rates on large crabgrass infestation in six tall fescue cultivars. With the exception of oryzalin and benefin plus oryzalin in 1993, there was no cultivar by herbicide interaction for large crabgrass infestation when final ratings were made in 1993 and 1994. This interaction was caused by moderate to severe turfgrass injury that thinned the turf. When cultivars were disregarded, prodiamine was the only herbicide applied at one-third recommended rate in 1993 that effectively suppressed large crabgrass for the full season. Prodiamine and dithiopyr were the only PRE herbicides applied at one-third recommended rates for two consecutive years that effectively suppressed large crabgrass in 1994. Two-thirds recommended rate was needed for two consecutive years for oxadiazon, pendimethalin, oryzalin, benefin plus oryzalin, and benefin plus trifluralin to maintain optimum large crabgrass suppression in 1994.

Tolerance of Tall Fescue and Kentucky Bluegrass to Chlorsulfuron Under Field Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Maloy ◽  
Nick E. Christians
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Turfgrass Quality ◽  
Severe Growth

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL. ‘Parade’, ‘Adelphi’, ‘Glade’, and ‘Rugby’ # POAPR) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb. ‘Kentucky 31’ # FESAR) were treated in field experiments with chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide}. The objectives of the two experiments were to determine if this herbicide has the potential to be used for selective control of tall fescue in Kentucky bluegrass turf. Chlorsulfuron treatments included single rates of 0, 18, 35, 71, 141, 212, and 282 g ai/ha and split rates, applied 14 days apart, of 18 + 18, 35 + 35, 71 + 71, 141 + 141, and 212 + 212 g/ha. Clipping weights and turfgrass quality ratings were taken in both experiments. Kentucky bluegrass showed a higher tolerance to the chemical, with no decrease in turf quality at the highest single and split application rates in both experiments. However, as the chlorsulfuron rate increased, clipping weight decreased. Tall fescue showed a low tolerance to the chemical and was controlled at single rates of 141 g/ha and split rates of 141 + 141 g/ha and greater. Although the tall fescue recovered from damage at single rates of 71 g/ha and split rates of 71 + 71 g/ha, severe growth inhibition and discoloration of aboveground tissue occurred at the lower rates. Twelve months after the first chlorsulfuron was applied in each experiment, glyphosate [isopropylamine salt ofN-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was sprayed over the plots to kill all existing plant material, and Kentucky bluegrass was seeded into the plots 2 weeks later at the rate of 0.75 kg/100 m2. There was no inhibition of bluegrass seed germination at any of the rates of chlorsulfuron.

scholarly journals Influence of Dates and Frequency of Drive Treatments On Large Crabgrass Control in Tall Fescue Turf

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
High Level ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Abstract When postemergence (POST) herbicides are used to control large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] in turfgrasses, it is desirable to maintain a high level of control with minimum number of applications. A field experiment was conducted during 1992 and 1993 to determine the influence of timing and frequency of applications with Drive (quinclorac) on large crabgrass control in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) turf. Drive (quinclorac) applied as a single application at 0.84 kg/ha (0.75 lb/A) on June 11 controlled 98% large crabgrass throughout the summer in tall fescue turf. The control was consistently higher than when the herbicide was applied earlier (April 12 or May 3) at the same rate. There was no increase in large crabgrass control with multiple Drive (quinclorac) applications, when compared to a single application made on June 11. Drive (quinclorac) applied on June 11 caused a maximum of 35% injury to tall fescue in 1992, but the turfgrass recovered to an acceptable level (<20%) within one week. Maximum turfgrass injury was only 13% when the herbicide was applied at the same date in 1993. Tall fescue treated with multiple applications of Drive (quinclorac) was injured similarly to that reported from a single application, but the turfgrass required a longer recovery period.

Species Succession and Turf Quality of Tall Fescue and Kentucky Bluegrass Mixtures as Affected By Mowing Height

Crop Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 1220-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Macolino ◽  
Guido Pignata ◽  
Maurizio Giolo ◽  
Michael D. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Species Succession ◽  
Turf Quality

scholarly journals Physiological Response to Water Deficit Stress with Restricted Rooting in Tall Fescue and Zoysiagrass

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Travis Culpepper ◽  
Joseph Young ◽  
David T. Montague ◽  
Manish Sapkota ◽  
Eduardo Escamilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Zoysia Matrella ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Schedonorus Arundinaceus

Abstract Urban soils may restrict turfgrass rooting depth with shallow soil layers in high sand content soils, which may influence water conservation. A greenhouse study sought to quantify water usage and determine the physiological response of turfgrasses at four irrigation levels. ‘ATF-1434′ tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. nom. cons.; syn. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), ‘Jamur' Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), and ‘Zeon' Manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] were established in 10 cm (4 in) diameter by 17.8 cm (7 in) tall containers. Each species was irrigated with 16.5, 21.9, 27.3, or 32.7 mm.wk−1 (0.65, 0.86, 1.1, or 1.3 in.wk−1). Gravimetric water loss was determined by pre- and post-irrigation pot weights. Turf quality, leaf discoloration, percent green cover, and gross photosynthesis were evaluated weekly and root parameters were measured at the conclusion of each trial. Although root mass was similar among species, water deficit stress and leaf discoloration occurred sooner in tall fescue than the two Zoysia species, reducing turf quality and green cover. Japanese lawngrass and Manilagrass had greater stomatal conductance, resulting in 109 and 89% higher gross photosynthesis relative to tall fescue. Both zoysiagrasses maintained acceptable turf quality with 27.3 mm water.wk−1. However, tall fescue quality was not acceptable at any irrigation level. Index words: Photosynthesis, gravimetric water loss, tall fescue, Japanese lawngrass, Manilagrass. Species used in this study: Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. nom. cons.; syn. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.); Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.); Manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.].

scholarly journals Tall fescue use on dairy farms

1997 ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Milne ◽  
R. Shaw ◽  
R. Powell ◽  
B. Pirie ◽  
J. Pirie
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Costelytra Zealandica ◽  
Listronotus Bonariensis ◽  
Summer Growth

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is now well proven on New Zealand dairy farms as a pasture species capable of producing high levels of milk production. Compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) it offers benefits of higher annual and summer growth, higher clover contents in pasture, higher green leaf to stem ratios in summer, reduced plant pulling, better animal health, grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) and Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) tolerance, tolerance of wet soils, and drought tolerance and growth. Tall fescue can be recommended for dairy farmers in areas where summer growth and quality of ryegrass is reduced by moisture stress or high temperatures, and for those willing to adjust their grazing and establishment practices to suit tall fescue. Keywords: dairy farms, Festuca arundinacea, tall fescue

scholarly journals Correlation of Heat and Cold Tolerance in Iranian Tall Fescue Ecotypes with Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Osmotic Adjustment

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1062-1068
Author(s):  
Mohamad-Hossein Sheikh-Mohamadi ◽  
Nematollah Etemadi ◽  
Mostafa Arab
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress

Excessive heat or cold usually reduces the growth and quality of turfgrass. Genetic variations along with efficient biochemical and physiological mechanisms can diversify the tolerance to heat and cold. This study examined the effects of heat and cold stress on several biochemical and physiological parameters in Iranian tall fescue ecotypes (Festuca arundinacea L.). The control group of plants was maintained under optimal temperatures, whereas other groups were exposed to heat or cold in a growth chamber. The experiment was designed as a split plot, with stress treatments as the main plots and ecotypes as subplots. Physiologically and biochemically, the results revealed that three ecotypes (‘FA1’, ‘FA3’, and ‘FA5’) of the eight ecotypes examined in this study had better abilities to survive the simulated heat and cold stress. Better tolerance to heat and cold in the ‘FA1’, ‘FA3’, and ‘FA5’ ecotypes were probably due to higher levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities, maintenance of lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), higher levels of proline and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), along with a more efficient osmotic adjustment. Diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) activities increased significantly in ‘FA1’, ‘FA3’, and ‘FA5’ ecotypes. In summary, the strength of tolerance among ecotypes can be ranked as ‘FA1’ > ‘FA3’ > ‘FA5’ > ‘FA2’ > ‘FA6’ > ‘FA4’ > ‘FA7’ > ‘FA8’ under heat stress and ‘FA5’> ‘FA1’ > ‘FA3’ > ‘FA2’ > ‘FA4’ > ‘FA6’ > ‘FA7’ > ‘FA8’ under cold stress.

Effect of pre-utilisation and harvest time on the quantity and quality of fodder on extensive pastures

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bajnok ◽  
L. Szemán ◽  
J. Tasi
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
List Type ◽  
Regeneration Period ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
June July

No significant studies have yet been reported in Central Europe on the yield and quality of winter harvest pastures. The aim of the research was to collect information about the effect of pre-utilisation (June, July and August) and winter harvest date (November, December, January) on the quantity and quality of fodder from Festuca arundinacea stands. The dry matter, energy, ADF, ADL and ergosterol contents of the yield were examined and it was found that: 1. A shorter regeneration period between harvests resulted in lower dry matter levels, but also in a higher energy concentration and lower ergosterol concentration. 2. The yield and energy concentrations decreased, whereas the ADF, ADL and ergosterol concentrations increased as the winter progressed. 3. Fodder harvested in November produced the best results in terms of yield quantity and quality. The highest yield and energy values were thus achieved by harvesting in November, regardless of pre-utilisation. Despite the cold and the long period of snow cover, the energy values of samples harvested in December and January showed no significant decrease. The weather conditions were more important for fodder quantity and quality than the frequency or date of harvesting. Thus, under the continental climatic conditions in Hungary, extensive utilisation, until late November or early December, is recommended.

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