Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) Control in No-Tillage Cropping Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff M. Stachler ◽  
James J. Kells
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Research ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Wild Carrot

Wild carrot is becoming a serious weed problem in Michigan continuous no-tillage crop production. Greenhouse and field research was conducted to identify effective management strategies for wild carrot control in no-tillage cropping systems. In the greenhouse, PRE applications of acetochlor plus dichlormid (5.8:1 w:w), cyanazine, linuron plus chlorimuron (18:1), and metribuzin plus chlorimuron (10:1) and POST applications of bentazon, CGA-152005, clopyralid, cyanazine, and MON 12000 provided the greatest control of wild carrot seedlings. In the field, PRE and POST treatments containing chlorimuron consistently controlled overwintered wild carrot greater than 71% at 30 d after the POST application in no-tillage soybean. Atrazine, MON 12000, nicosulfuron, and primisulfuron applied POST consistently controlled overwintered wild carrot greater than 78% at 30 DAT in no-tillage corn. Glyphosate at 0.84 or 1.68 kg ae/ha applied in October to established wild carrot provided greater than 74% control the following spring. Early preplant (EPP) applications of glyphosate at 0.84 kg/ha in no-tillage soybean gave 95 and 24% control of overwintered wild carrot in St. Clair and Lenawee Counties, MI, respectively, at 70 DAT. PRE applications of glyphosate at 0.84 kg/ha controlled overwintered wild carrot less than 69% at 58 DAT in no-tillage corn and soybean. Fall applications of 2,4-D ester at 1.12 kg ae/ha provided 18 and 88% control of wild carrot the following spring in Clinton and Lenawee Counties, respectively. EPP applications of 2,4-D ester at 1.12 kg/ha provided 7 and 72% control of overwintered wild carrot in St. Clair and Lenawee Counties, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Continuous Intensive Cultivation on the Chemical and Microbiological Properties of Oxic Dystrandept Soils in the Western Highlands of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
NTANGMO TSAFACK Honorine ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Microbiological Properties

Soil fertility indices are well documented as they are directly related to land use and productivity. However, the effect of continuous intensive cultivation on the evolution of soil fertility is still poorly documented. The aim of this study was thus to assess the effect of continuous intensive cultivation on the chemical and microbiological properties of Oxic Dystrandept soils in the Western Highlands of Cameroon. Composite soil samples were taken between 0-15 cm depths on farmlands that have been subjected to continuous intensive cultivation for one, five and ten years meanwhile samples from plots that have never been cultivated served as control. The main results revealed that the ammonium contents dropped abruptly (86%-wt) from the first year of cultivation. The organic carbon (OC) content decreased from 1.81 ± 0.14 %-dm (in control) to 1.69 ± 0.09 % after one year, 1.66 ± 0.10 % after 5 years and 1.58 ± 0.07 % after 10 years. Compared to the control, available phosphorus (P) showed a 13 %-wt drop after one year, 46 % after 5 years and 85 % after 10 years. Dehydrogenase activity showed a 42 % decrease after one year, 50 % after five years and 73 % after 10 years. The other parameters were not significantly different (P<0.05) amongst treatments. Decline of soil productivity was undoubtedly related to the decrease of OC, P, microbial activity and ammonium with continuous intensive cultivation. Thus, management strategies for improved crop production should include selection suitable cropping systems and chemical methods. Keywords: Continuous intensive cultivation, enzymatic activities, soil chemical properties, Oxic Dystrandept, Cameroon western highland

scholarly journals Water use and onion crop production in no-tillage and conventional cropping systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Waldir Aparecido Marouelli ◽  
Rômulo P Abdalla ◽  
Nuno R Madeira ◽  
Henoque R da Silva ◽  
Aureo S de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Water Tension

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of crop residue covers (0.0; 4.5; 9.0; 13.5 t ha-1 millet dry matter) on water use and production of onion cultivated in no-tillage planting system (NT) as compared to conventional tillage system (CT). The study was carried out at Embrapa Hortaliças, Brazil, under the typical Savanna biome. Irrigations were performed using a sprinkle irrigation system when soil-water tension reached between 25 and 30 kPa. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. Total net water depth applied to NT treatment was 19% smaller than the CT treatment, however, water savings increased to 30% for the first 30 days following seedlings transplant. Crop biomass, bulb size and yield, and rate of rotten bulbs were not significantly affected by treatments. The water productivity index increased linearly with increasing crop residue in NT conditions. Water productivity index of NT treatments with crop residue was on average 30% higher than that in the CT system (8.13 kg m-3).

Magnesium balance in four permanent manurial experiments under rainfed agro-ecosystems of India

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Srinivasarao ◽  
Sumanta Kundu ◽  
K. L. Sharma ◽  
Sharanbhoopal Reddy ◽  
A. L. Pharande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Critical Limit

Magnesium (Mg) plays a vital role in photosynthesis, dry matter production and carbon partitioning in sink organs. Hence, four permanent manurial experiments (20–27 years of duration) under the auspices of All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA) network centres across diverse agro-ecological regions were carried out to examine the soil exchangeable Mg (ex-Mg), crop uptake and overall Mg balance. Groundnut (peanut), finger millet, rice–lentil sequence and post rainy sorghum were the major crops or cropping systems followed in four permanent manure experiments at Anantapuram, Bengaluru, Varanasi and Solapur, respectively. Nutrient management in all experiments involved control (no addition of nutrients), 100% organic, 100% chemical, and integration of organic and chemical. Except in the finger millet-based system, mean ex-Mg status in the entire profile was higher than the sufficiency level (1.0 cmol(+) kg–1 as a critical limit). Status of ex-Mg (cmol(+) kg–1 soil) in soil profiles was in the order: Solapur (3.80) > Varanasi (2.07) > Anantapuram (1.06) > Bengaluru (0.44). A uniform distribution of ex-Mg was observed in plots that received integrated application of organic and chemical fertilisers. In general, improved status of profile ex-Mg (cmol(+) kg–1) over the control was observed in soils under groundnut (0.19–0.78), finger millet (1.90–3.20), and post rainy sorghum (6.50–7.60, except 4.20 in 100% NPK) cropping. Overall, ex-Mg status and balance of different soil types under diverse crop production systems was influenced by several factors, some of which include soil type with varying mineralogy, particle size distribution, nutrient management strategies and rainfall. Significant positive relationships were observed between ex-Mg status and clay content (R2 = 0.94), soil pH (R2 = 0.92), cation exchange capacity (R2 = 0.98) and mean air temperature (R2 = 0.22), whereas a weak relationship was observed with rainfall (R2 = 0.01). The study gives an account of Mg balance in major Indian soil types and recommends further attention on Mg nutrition in current intensive agriculture.

scholarly journals Residual nitrogen fertilization effect of common bean production on succeeding corn intercropped with Congo grass

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-583
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos de Almeida Carmeis Filho ◽  
Tatiana Pagan Loeiro da Cunha ◽  
Fábio Luiz Checchio Mingotte ◽  
Isaac Silva Martins ◽  
Leandro Borges Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Fertilization Effect ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT Crop production in conservation systems involving intercropped cultivations mainly with corn have been proposed as a technology to promote sustainability in the Brazilian Cerrado areas. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of residual nitrogen fertilization applied in common bean on subsequent corn sole or intercropped with Congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis) in no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks with three replicates in a split-plot design. The treatments were composed by two cropping systems (sole and intercropped with Congo grass), and the sub-plots were five doses of nitrogen (0; 40; 80; 120 and 160 kg of N ha-1), applied in topdressing on common-bean (previous crop). There was no effect of cropping systems and residual amount of nitrogen application in the vegetative and reproductive development of corn. Corn intercropped with Congo grass leaded an adequate formation of crop residue and total land covering target at sustainability of no-tillage system.

Weed Management in Asian Vegetable Cropping Systems

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. William ◽  
M. Y. Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Control Technologies

In tropical and subtemperate regions of the world, farmers plant vegetables and other crops in a vast array of cropping systems that often involve more than one crop being grown on the same parcel of land in a year. Weed communities within each cropping system shift depending on physical and climatic factors and the specific crop and weed management practices employed. Modern weed management strategies involve combinations of crop production practices and specific weed control technologies intended to reduce weed competition, thereby shifting the competitive balance in favor of the crop. Weed research and, training efforts, therefore, must focus on the entire cropping system with emphasis on year-round and multi-year management of weed communities.

The challenge of documenting water quality benefits of conservation practices: a review of USDA-ARS's conservation effects assessment project watershed studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Tomer ◽  
M. A. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Effects Assessment

The Conservation Effects Assessment Project was established to quantify water quality benefits of conservation practices supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). In 2004, watershed assessment studies were begun in fourteen agricultural watersheds with varying cropping systems, landscapes, climate, and water quality concerns. This paper reviews USDA Agricultural Research Service ‘Benchmark’ watershed studies and the challenge of identifying water quality benefits in watersheds. Study goals included modeling and field research to assess practices, and evaluation of practice placement in watersheds. Not all goals were met within five years but important lessons were learned. While practices improved water quality, problems persisted in larger watersheds. This dissociation between practice-focused and watershed-scale assessments occurred because: (1) Conservation practices were not targeted at critical sources/pathways of contaminants; (2) Sediment in streams originated more from channel and bank erosion than from soil erosion; (3) Timing lags, historical legacies, and shifting climate combined to mask effects of practice implementation; and (4) Water quality management strategies addressed single contaminants with little regard for trade-offs among contaminants. These lessons could help improve conservation strategies and set water quality goals with realistic timelines. Continued research on agricultural water quality could better integrate modeling and monitoring capabilities, and address ecosystem services.

Dynamic Cropping Systems for Sustainable Crop Production in the Northern Great Plains

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 904-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Tanaka ◽  
J. M. Krupinsky ◽  
S. D. Merrill ◽  
M. A. Liebig ◽  
J. D. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production

scholarly journals The crucial role of mulch to enhance the stability and resilience of cropping systems in southern Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessing Mhlanga ◽  
Laura Ercoli ◽  
Elisa Pellegrino ◽  
Andrea Onofri ◽  
Christian Thierfelder
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability And Resilience

AbstractConservation agriculture has been promoted to sustainably intensify food production in smallholder farming systems in southern Africa. However, farmers have rarely fully implemented all its components, resulting in different combinations of no-tillage, crop rotation, and permanent soil cover being practiced, thus resulting in variable yield responses depending on climatic and soil conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the effect of conservation agriculture components on yield stability. We hypothesized that the use of all three conservation agriculture components would perform the best, resulting in more stable production in all environments. We evaluated at, eight trial locations across southern Africa, how partial and full implementation of these components affected crop yield and yield stability compared with conventional tillage alone or combined with mulching and/or crop rotation. Grain yield and shoot biomass of maize and cowpea were recorded along with precipitation for 2 to 5 years. Across different environments, the addition of crop rotation and mulch to no-tillage increased maize grain by 6%, and the same practices added to conventional tillage led to 13% yield increase. Conversely, adding only mulch or crop rotation to no-tillage or conventional tillage led to lower or equal maize yield. Stability analyses based on Shukla’s index showed for the first time that the most stable systems are those in which mulch is added without crop rotation. Moreover, the highest yielding systems were the least stable. Finally, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis allowed clarifying that mulch added to no-tillage gives stable yields on sandy soil with high rainfall. Similarly, mulch added to conventional tillage gives stable yield on sandy soil, but under low rainfall. This is the first study that highlighted the crucial role of mulch to enhance the stability and resilience of cropping systems in southern Africa, supporting their adaptability to climate change.

scholarly journals Precision agriculture and geospatial techniques for sustainable disease control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Roberts ◽  
Nicholas M. Short ◽  
James Sill ◽  
Dilip K. Lakshman ◽  
Xiaojia Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Plant Disease Control ◽  
Crop Germplasm

AbstractThe agricultural community is confronted with dual challenges; increasing production of nutritionally dense food and decreasing the impacts of these crop production systems on the land, water, and climate. Control of plant pathogens will figure prominently in meeting these challenges as plant diseases cause significant yield and economic losses to crops responsible for feeding a large portion of the world population. New approaches and technologies to enhance sustainability of crop production systems and, importantly, plant disease control need to be developed and adopted. By leveraging advanced geoinformatic techniques, advances in computing and sensing infrastructure (e.g., cloud-based, big data-driven applications) will aid in the monitoring and management of pesticides and biologicals, such as cover crops and beneficial microbes, to reduce the impact of plant disease control and cropping systems on the environment. This includes geospatial tools being developed to aid the farmer in managing cropping system and disease management strategies that are more sustainable but increasingly complex. Geoinformatics and cloud-based, big data-driven applications are also being enlisted to speed up crop germplasm improvement; crop germplasm that has enhanced tolerance to pathogens and abiotic stress and is in tune with different cropping systems and environmental conditions is needed. Finally, advanced geoinformatic techniques and advances in computing infrastructure allow a more collaborative framework amongst scientists, policymakers, and the agricultural community to speed the development, transfer, and adoption of these sustainable technologies.

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