Recent Changes in the Regional Structure of U.S. Dairy Production

Gauging the impact of recent policy changes, this article analyzes production characteristics and the impact of the dairy assessment for northeastern dairy farmers as compared to other major production regions. Employing a restricted translog variable profit function, returns to size, shadow prices, supply elasticities for milk and livestock as well as demand elasticities for concentrate were estimated. Northeastern, just as midwestern farmers, were less responsive in milk supply and concentrate demand, more responsive in livestock production, and less efficient than their California and Texas counterparts. The dairy assessment affected profits of northeastern farmers later than those of other regions. Negative shadow prices indicated overinvestment into fixed factors.

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The Impact of Provider Choice on Workers' Compensation Costs and Outcomes

ILR Review ◽

10.1177/001979390706100107 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 121-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

David Neumark ◽

Peter S. Barth ◽

Richard A. Victor

Keyword(s):

Return To Work ◽

Work Outcomes ◽

Workers Compensation ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Provider Choice ◽

Compensation Claims ◽

The Impact ◽

Recent Policy ◽

Physical Recovery ◽

Prior Relationship

Using survey data collected in 2002 and 2003 in California, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Texas on workers injured 3 to 3.5 years earlier, coupled with information on the associated workers' compensation claims from the Workers Compensation Research Institute, the authors examine how provider choice in workers' compensation is related to costs and to workers' outcomes. They find that employee choice of the provider, by comparison with employer choice, was associated with higher costs and worse return-to-work outcomes. Although the same rate of physical recovery was found for both groups, workers who chose their providers reported higher satisfaction with medical care. The higher costs and worse return-to-work outcomes associated with employee choice arose largely when employees selected a new provider, rather than a provider with whom they had a pre-existing relationship. The findings lend some support to recent policy changes limiting workers' ability to choose a provider with whom they do not have a prior relationship.

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The impact of recent policy changes on the agricultural sector and public agricultural research in Kenya.

Globalization and the developing countries: emerging strategies for rural development and poverty alleviation ◽

10.1079/9780851995755.0135 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 135-153

Author(s):

H. O. Nyangito ◽

J. T. Karugia

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Sector ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Public Agricultural Research ◽

The Impact ◽

Recent Policy

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Information asymmetry among dairy producers in Paraná, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p295 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

Marcela Casali ◽

Bruna Sesco de Mendonça ◽

Marcel Moreira de Brito ◽

Marcio Gregório Rojas dos Santos ◽

Pedro Gustavo Loesia Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information Asymmetry ◽

Milk Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Common Factor ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Dairy Production ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

The Past ◽

The Relationship ◽

Production Characteristics

Milk production has great social and economic importance in Paraná, Brazil. However, dairy farmers have abandoned the activity over the past few years because of difficulties in meeting institutional and market demands for increased milk production and quality. Information asymmetry between dairy farmers and market agents may be contributing to this scenario. It occurs when one agent in a transaction has more or better information than another. Information asymmetry can encourage opportunistic behavior and negatively affect the relationship between parties. These problems can be minimized or resolved by horizontal collaboration, such as participation in farmers’ organizations, cooperatives, or associations. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of information asymmetry among dairy farmers and investigate whether participation in farmers’ organizations strengthens buyer–seller relationships and stimulates compliance with milk quality standards. A total of 204 semi-structured questionnaires were applied to head farmers of dairy production systems in Paraná. Two sets of variables were analyzed: variables related to socio-economic and production characteristics and variables related to transactions between farmers and the dairy industry and the head farmer’s knowledge about milk quality regulations. The second set of variables was subjected to common factor analysis, which generated four factors: F1, knowledge about institutional requirements; F2, technical support from the buyer; F3, technical knowledge; and F4, level of trust in the buyer. Dairy farmers who did not participate in farmers’ organizations operated under greater information asymmetry and were disadvantaged with regard to F2, F3, and F4 (P < 0.05). Participation in horizontal collaborations can help farmers survive and thrive in the dairy activity.

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Professional Practice in Education in an Era of Contractualism: Possibilities, Problems and Paradoxes

Australian Journal of Education ◽

10.1177/000494419604000308 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 311-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Lynton Brown ◽

Terri Seddon ◽

Lawrence Angus ◽

Peter Rushbrook

Keyword(s):

Professional Practice ◽

Social Relations ◽

Service Providers ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Policy Context ◽

Contractual Relationship ◽

Australian Education ◽

Service Consumer ◽

The Impact ◽

Recent Policy

Recent policy changes have encouraged the development of a contractualist environment in Australian education, where social relations are organised around the promise of each party to fulfil particular obligations. Contractualism is evident not only in moves to expand contract employment and to organise service delivery around a contractual relationship between service providers and service consumer agencies, but also in government efforts to privatise public services so that individual consumers make choices about the kinds of services they will receive. The focus of this paper is particularly on the impact of the contractualist environment of teachers' professional practice. The paper draws on interview data to document what teachers perceive to be changing in education and in their professional practice, and to identify opportunities and constraints in this shifting policy context. On the basis of these data, some of the challenges and dilemmas of professional practice in an age of contractualism will be discussed.

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The Impact of the digitalization and the policy changes on the Savings Instruments (Saving Certificates) in Bangladesh: a response from the investors.

International Journal of Scientific Research and Management ◽

10.18535/ijsrm/v9i08.em02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (08) ◽

pp. 2353-2365

Author(s):

Ashish Basak

Keyword(s):

Investment Decision ◽

Safety Net ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Social Safety Net ◽

The People ◽

The Government ◽

Identity Cards ◽

Tax Savings ◽

The Impact ◽

Recent Policy

Investment in the National Savings Certificate (NSC) has been the most popular savings instrument among the people of Bangladesh that provides guaranteed returns with tax savings. The government of Bangladesh mainly issues the NSCs to collect money from small and scattered savings of general people. It brings marginal and special populations into the Government's social safety net programs for ensuring an equitable and poverty-free society. Recently the authority has introduced automation and regulatory deterrents such as making mandatory the submission of e-TIN, national identity cards, bank accounts, cheque transactions, and increased deduction at source. My research has attempted to identify the impact of the policy changes on the investors’ minds and how they react. This study suggests that recent policy changes and the requirement for the mandatory documents to purchase NSCs have no impact on the investment decision as people still consider this is the most attractive and secures means of investment.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Pennsylvania farm revenue: Looking back at the 2020 season

Journal of Agriculture Food Systems and Community Development ◽

10.5304/jafscd.2021.111.015 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Miriam Seidel ◽

Christopher Murakami ◽

J. Egan ◽

Jasmine Pope ◽

Chia-Lin Tsai

Keyword(s):

Food System ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Regional Food ◽

Direct To Consumer ◽

Vegetable Farmers ◽

Regional Food System ◽

The Impact ◽

Financial Losses ◽

Better Than

Initial forecasts predicted severe financial losses for small and midsized farmers as the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted usual market channels nationwide. Early reports both confirmed and challenged these fears, as some farmers could not find new markets while others established or expanded their direct-to-consumer sales to replace their lost outlets. To understand the impact of the pandemic on Pennsylvania farmers across the entire 2020 growing season, Chatham University and Pasa Sustainable Agriculture[1] surveyed farmers and performed interviews with a subset of these farmers. The anonymous survey was distributed by Pennsylvania-based farm organizations to their constituents, predominantly through email. Just under half the farmers (42%) reported a loss of revenue, while over half (58%) reported either no change or an increase in revenue in 2020. The scale of these changes varied greatly. We also found that vegetable farmers fared slightly better than livestock/eggs/dairy farmers; those with a higher pre-COVID revenue did better than those with a lower pre-COVID revenue; and farms that were able to increase direct-to-consumer sales maintained or increased their total revenues. Participation in state and federal relief programs varied and appeared to have no significant effect on farmers’ final 2020 revenue. Farmers’ responses to the open-ended survey questions demonstrated that the weather, a lack of infrastructure to support small and midsized producers, and consumers’ lack of support for a regional food system were major challenges before COVID. Without meaningful policy changes, these challenges will persist beyond the pandemic’s resolution.

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Migrant access to NHS healthcare

InnovAiT Education and inspiration for general practice ◽

10.1177/1755738018774819 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 693-698 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hannah Fox ◽

Lu Hiam

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Healthcare Staff ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Ability To Pay ◽

The World ◽

The Impact ◽

Recent Policy

The three core principles of the NHS: that it meets the needs of everyone, that it be free at the point of delivery, that it be based on clinical need not ability to pay, are under threat. Recent policy changes compromise these principles by denying treatment to those in need who cannot pay. This article will give an overview of the policy changes and the impact these have on individuals in vulnerable situations trying to access care, on healthcare staff and our society. Case studies from the Doctors of the World clinic are used to illustrate the effect these changes are having. All names have been changed to protect anonymity.

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Corruption and local content development: Assessing the impact of the Petrobras’ scandal on recent policy changes in Brazil

The Extractive Industries and Society ◽

10.1016/j.exis.2019.08.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 274-282

Author(s):

Renato Lima-de-Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Policy Changes ◽

Local Content ◽

Content Development ◽

The Impact ◽

Recent Policy

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The Functional Form of the Aggregate Import Demand Equation: Evidence from Developing Countries

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v27i3pp.309-315 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 309-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Khwaja Sarmad

Keyword(s):

Economic Theory ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Functional Form ◽

Methodological Problem ◽

Import Demand ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Demand Equation ◽

Demand Elasticities ◽

Log Linear ◽

The Impact

The specification of the appropriate functional form of the aggregate import demand equation is an important methodological problem, which affects the estimates of demand elasticities and the conclusions about the impact of policy changes. In the absence of any guidance from economic theory we determine the appropriate form empirically using a generalized functional form based on the Box-Cox method and find, that for a large number of developing countries the log-linear form is the prefer. red choice for the aggregate import demand equation.

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