Climate-Resilient Crops and International Climate Change Adaptation Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE SAAB
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Genetically Engineered Crops ◽  
Adaptation Law ◽  
International Climate Change

AbstractThis article explores the role of international climate change adaptation law in promoting the use of genetically engineered crops as an adaptation strategy. The severity of climate change impacts and the realization that, by now, some adverse effects are inevitable, has intensified the urgency to devise effective adaptation strategies. Genetically engineered climate-resilient crops are presented as one possible means to adapt to the predicted adverse impacts of climate change on agriculture and crop yields. Despite increased attention on the research and development of climate-resilient crops, particularly by private sector seed corporations, there are many controversies surrounding this proposed adaptation strategy. The key contentions relate to apprehensions about genetically engineered crops more generally, the effectiveness of climate-resilient crops, and the involvement of the private sector in international climate change adaptation initiatives.The main argument in this article is that the emerging field of international climate change adaptation law contributes to promoting genetically engineered climate-resilient crops as a possible means of adaptation. Moreover, international adaptation law creates an enabling environment for the active engagement of private sector corporations in devising adaptation strategies. Notwithstanding controversies over genetically engineered crops and the role of the private sector, there has been little consideration so far of the influence of the growing international legal regime on climate change on the types of adaptation strategies that are devised and promoted.

BUILDING URBAN CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF RUSSIAN ARCTIC CITIES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Bobylev ◽  
Sebastien Gadal ◽  
Valery Konyshev ◽  
Maria Lagutina ◽  
Alexander Sergunin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

AbstractRussian Arctic is a highly urbanized region, with most towns built in the Soviet era to facilitate extraction industries as well as provide and maintain military facilities. Global environmental and developmental changes, as well as national political decisions open up Russia’s Arctic to massive investment, industrial and socioeconomic development. How do Russian Arctic cities, towns, and municipalities reflect on new opportunities in terms of designing their climate change adaptation strategies at a local level? Starting with theoretical discourse on urban climate change adaptation strategy, this research examines state-of-the-art, challenges and trends in planning for adaptation measures in Russia’s Arctic industrial centers. Special attention is given to a comparative analysis of the cities’ climate change adaptation strategies. The role of civil society institutions and business community in the adaptation strategy planning process is explored. Moreover, conflict sensitive approaches to ensure participatory processes for designing and implementing adaptation measures are discussed. The field component of research is based on cities of Apatity, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Norilsk, Salekhard, Severodvinsk and towns of Monchegorsk, Nickel and Vorkuta. The study concludes that in spite of significant challenges identified, the total “balance sheet” of the Arctic cities’ efforts to enhance their adaptive capacities is quite positive: Russian northern urban settlements do their best in addressing existing challenges via planning for sustainability approach. However, there is more to do and municipalities should learn from one another’s experiences, as the different approaches can be helpful in developing adequate climate change adaptation strategies at the local level.

scholarly journals Statistical Modeling of Farmers’ Preference for Adaptation Strategies for Climate Change: The Case of Dera District, Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tadesse Ayele Belachew ◽  
Dereje Gebeyehu Ababu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional

Climate change is primarily detrimental to the agriculture sector and the influence of climate change is decreased by using appropriate adaptation strategies. Studies on climate change adaptation recognize the importance of specific area-based research for designing policies to respond to climate change. This study, therefore, was applied at the district level to examine farmers’ preference for climate change adaptation strategies and the factors determining their preference. The objective of this study is to identify and model factors that influence farmers’ preference of adaptation strategies to counter the impacts of climate change in the case of Dera District, North Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study design was used with the questionnaire being administered on a multistage sample of 460 households from selected kebeles in the district. Descriptive statistics, multinomial logit, and count regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The study revealed that the farmers perceived that temperature had been increasing and rainfall had been decreasing over the last 10 years. The results also indicated that planting trees was the most preferred and frequently applied adaptation strategy to climate change while changing planting dates was the least. The results from the multinomial logit, Poisson regression, and negative binomial analysis showed that age, source of information, household size, education level of household head, distance to output market, distance to input market, agroecological locations of the farm, tropical livestock unit, size of the farm, tenure, grade of the farm, distance of the farm, formal extension service, farmer-to-farmer extension, credit service, rainfall expectation, and temperature expectations were significant factors in determining the adaptation strategies preferred by the farmers.

scholarly journals Assessment of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies and Mitigation among Agrarian Communities in North Kordofan, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mohammed ◽  
Salih Omer Tutu ◽  
Hassan Elnour Adam ◽  
Alawia Osman Koli ◽  
Abdalla Nourain Omer Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Agrarian Communities ◽  
Assess Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

The current study was conducted in Bara Locality- North Kordofan - Sudan to assess climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies among agrarian communities. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected by randomly interviewing 150 respondents from ten villages, using questionnaire. Descriptive statistics in SPSS software package and Microsoft Excel were used for data analysis. Results of study showed that agrarian communities, and due to climate change, have enforced to develop ten adaptation strategies suitable for agriculture in dryland conditions. The most adaptation strategies being used by the agrarian communities, are cultivation in different directions locally Sheraik (77%), sowing before rain locally Ramail (77%) and reducing cultivated area as mentioned by 67% of interviewed respondents. In forests sector, around 65 % of the interviewed respondents have been practiced agro-forestry as an adaptation strategy. The interviewees were also able to figure out 6 possible mitigation strategies to stave off climate change effects. These strategies are for example building capacity of agrarian communities (73%) and provision of early mature, high yielding and drought tolerant crops (63%). The study come out with some suggestions in order to pave the way for policymakers to tailor suitable future interventions to mitigate the impact of climate change among agrarian communities.

scholarly journals Climate Change Perception and Adaptation in a Remote Costa Rican Agricultural Community

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Smith ◽  
Maren Oelbermann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Agroecosystem Management

Current agroecosystem management practices in tropical latitudes may not be an economically feasible and an effective long-term adaptation strategy to climate change. As such, implementing, improving and refining sustainable land management practices may be a more effective adaptation strategy. This study determined the perception and knowledge of climate change by landowners in a remote Costa Rican agricultural community, and evaluated the type of sustainable agricultural practices currently implemented and how such practices could also serve as a climate change adaptation strategy. Based on this information, recommendations for successful adaptation applicable to other communities were also discussed. This study showed that community members observed changes in local weather patterns over the past decade, which paralleled changes in the distribution patterns of vegetation and wildlife. Results also showed that community members had a good understanding of climate change and its potential impact(s) on agricultural production. Community members were continually striving to implement long-term sustainable agroecosystem management practices to maintain productivity, integrity and agroecosystem resilience while also meeting economic and socioecological needs. For example, implementing seedbanks helped to improve the quality of crops and provided a source of seeds adapted to current climate conditions. Other adaptation strategies included agroforestry for soil and water conservation and as a source of fruits, nuts and forage for people and livestock. The use of livestock nutritional supplements to offset low-quality forage during the now more intense dry season, compared to previous dry seasons, were also used as an adaptation strategy. An affiliation with social networks to help access resources and implement sustainable agriculture and climate change adaptation strategies were essential in this community. Based on surveys with community members, this study developed a 3- stage plan for developing successful adaptation programs for application in other small agricultural communities in tropical latitudes.

scholarly journals Did The Program Kampung Iklim Lead Farmers to Implement more Adaptation Strategies? Case Study of Rice Farmers in Sleman Regency

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh. Wahyudi Priyanto ◽  
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo ◽  
Irham Irham
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Information Awareness ◽  
Negative Impacts

The negative impacts of climate change caused many losses for farmers. One solution to minimize losses is to implement a climate change adaptation strategy. The Indonesian government established a program called the Program Kampung Iklim/Proklim in 2012 which aims to increase awareness of climate change and the capacity to implement community adaptation strategies. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Proklim on the implementation of climate change adaptation strategy by farmers. The study was conducted  in Proklim and non-Proklim locations. By implementing the simple random sampling method, it was obtained 112 samples divided into 56 farmers from each Proklim and non-Proklim location. The results showed that farming experience, land area, membership in farmers group, access to weather information, awareness towards climate change and perceptions towards climate change risks are associated with more practice of adaptation strategy. The results also showed that the implementation of adaptation strategy was influenced by the Proklim location, so that the farmers involved in the program locations applied more climate change adaptation strategy than the farmers in non-program locations.  The authors recommend that Proklim needs to be applied in many locations, especially areas that are vulnerable to climate change, so farmers can improve the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies.

Climate-Ready Seeds and Patent Rights: A Question of Climate (in) Justice?

Global Jurist ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Saab
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
Justice Movements ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractThis paper seeks to examine the concept of climate justice and how it is employed by different actors and for different ends. This will be done through an exploration of invocations of climate justice in discussions about a proposed adaptation strategy, namely ‘climate-ready seeds’. The impacts of climate change are often perceived as a form of injustice, because the most vulnerable regions and people suffer disproportionately while having contributed least to causing climate change. Adaptation strategies intended to alleviate this suffering can be viewed as a pursuit of climate justice. At the same time, some argue that certain adaptation strategies cause more injustice than they alleviate. Climate justice movements thus also aim to correct the injustices caused by adaptation strategies. Critics of climate-ready seeds contend that this proposed adaptation strategy is a profitable business for seed corporations, but does not benefit poor farmers. Even though different actors use the concept of climate justice for different purposes, they often invoke similar notions of ‘rights’. I argue in this paper that reliance on rights in all accounts of climate justice in discourses about climate-ready seeds plays a hand in obscuring the distinct aims and ends contained in the idea of climate justice.

scholarly journals The effect of climate change adaptation strategy on farm households welfare in the Nile basin of Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-535
Author(s):  
Fissha Asmare ◽  
Hailemariam Teklewold ◽  
Alemu Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
On Farm

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of crop diversification (CD), as a climate change adaptation strategy, on farm household’s welfare in terms of farm income and demand for labor. It explores whether adoption of CD is a win-win strategy on household income and demand for on-farm labor. It also examines the determinants of rural household’s net farm income and family labor demand. Design/methodology/approach A household-plot level data were collected in 2015 from 929 rural farm households and 4,778 plots in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. The data comprise farm and household characteristics accompanied by geo-referenced climate data such as long-term average temperature and amount and variability of growing season rainfall. The authors estimate an endogenous switching regression model to measure the effect of CD on the farm household’s welfare, using net farm income and household labor demand as a welfare indicator. Findings The results indicate heterogeneous effects of climate variables on farm income between adopters and non-adopters of CD. The study also confirms the win-win effect of adoption of CD with a positive and significant effect on farm income and a reduction in demand for on-farm labor. The results suggest that adoption of CD helps improve the well-being of farm households and build a resilient agricultural system. Research limitations/implications As the study used a cross-sectional data, it is limited to show the time effect of practicing CD on the household’s welfare. Originality/value First, the authors investigate, to their knowledge for the first time, the existence of synergy or tradeoff in the effect of CD on two dimensions of rural households’ welfare (net farm income and labor demand). Second, they investigate the heterogeneous effect of climate change adaptation strategies on the farm household’s welfare between adopters and non-adopters. This is unlike previous studies that consider climate change adaptation strategies as having a homogeneous effect. However, this approach is inappropriate since the effect of adaptation strategies is different for adopters and non-adopters.

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