scholarly journals Putting into Place Solutions for Nazi Era Dispossessions of Cultural Objects: The UK Experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
The Way

Abstract:Since 2000, the United Kingdom’s Spoliation Advisory Panel has provided an alternative dispute resolution mechanism for resolving disputes surrounding Nazi era dispossessions of cultural objects. This article analyzes the way in which the panel has reached its recommendations and how they have been implemented. While the panel’s recommendations provide a means of resolving disputes in circumstances where litigation might fail a claimant, claimants may encounter difficulties should an institution fail to implement the recommended remedy because of the extra-judicial nature of the recommendations. This article therefore analyzes the effectiveness of the panel’s work in overcoming some of the shortcomings of litigation and the way in which the parties have put into effect the panel’s recommendations. Furthermore, suggestions are made for ways in which to ensure compliance with the recommendations even in the absence of judicial enforcement.

scholarly journals The Changing Tide of Title to Cultural Heritage Objects in UK Museums

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 229-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Advisory Panel ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Moral Claims ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects

Abstract:UK museums are required to present themselves as the ethical guardians rather than simply the owners of their collections (Museums Association Code of Ethics principles 1.0 and 1.3). Museums which are members of the International Council of Museums are required, when acquiring objects for their collections, to ensure that they obtain valid title, rather than simply strict legal title, to the object (ICOM Code of Ethics, principle 2.2). This notion of valid title focuses on the relationship between the current possessor (the museum) and the object. However, one can also see the concept of claimants having moral claims to cultural heritage objects developing in the context of the notion of the “rightful owner” which is a term increasingly deployed to signify the person who has a valid moral, rather than legal, claim to the cultural heritage object (Seventh Report of the Culture Media and Sport Select Committee 1999-2000 [193]).Since 2000 the UK has introduced mechanisms to resolve, in limited circumstances, moral claims to cultural objects of which their owners were dispossessed during the Nazi era. This paper analyses the way in which a concept of moral title can be seen to have developed in the context of the resolution of Nazi era claims by the UK’s Spoliation Advisory Panel. To this end the paper analyses: how far the moral entitlement is linked with the legal title to the object; and whether moral title arises from the morally abhorrent dispossession that befell the claimant or his ancestor or whether it results from the recommendation of the Spoliation Advisory Panel. It is argued that the development of the notion of moral title poses challenges for the future, but an understanding of its role may also inform the resolution of disputes involving cultural heritage objects outside the context of the Nazi era.

scholarly journals DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISM IN AN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IN MALAYSIA: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Mumtaj Hassan ◽  
Marina Hj. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Industrial Disputes ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
The Way

Employers, employees, and trade unions are in reliance on each other. Any acrimonious between employers, employees, and trade unions exigently to be resolved to maintain a harmonious industrial relationship. The parties have the option either to resolve the said dispute through the mechanism of alternative dispute resolutions of the court of law. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to discuss the alternative dispute resolutions with particular reference to the Industrial Relations Act 1967. The methodology used in this paper is pure legal research and data is collected from decided cases, journals, legal documents, articles, and textbooks. The findings reveal that there are several alternative dispute resolution mechanisms as therein provided under the Industrial Relations Act 1967, viz conciliation, fact-finding, and investigation, as well as arbitration. Apart from the above said mechanism under the Industrial Relations Act 1967, industrial disputes can also be solved by the way of direct negotiation.

Assessing the efficacy of forum selection agreements in Commonwealth Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Theophilus Edwin Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
Domestic Support ◽  
Commercial Disputes

Any international commercial agreement has the potential to be the subject of a dispute. In resolving international commercial disputes, parties to a contract are at liberty to choose any dispute resolution mechanism that best serves and meets their commercial interests. Generally, parties to an international commercial contract may resort to courtroom litigation or choose an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanism as a method of resolving their transnational disputes. Underlying almost every international commercial contract, therefore, is a very primary question about where, by whom and how the parties prefer their disputes to be litigated. The response to this question depends on whether parties prefer traditional courtroom litigation, or an ADR mechanism. In most instances, countries put in place dispute resolution regimes that seek to afford contracting parties the liberty to submit their disputes to a foreign forum or an arbitral tribunal for legal redress and/or a remedy. However, while the efficacy of resolving international disputes through arbitration has garnered immense international and domestic support, the submission of disputes by parties to a foreign forum through a forum selection agreement is regarded with much ambivalence in most countries. This article assesses the efficacy of forum selection agreements in Commonwealth Africa. It appraises the judicial approach of courts in Commonwealth African countries relative to the essence and effect of forum selection agreements. This article argues and calls for a higher degree of judicial commitment to the juridical choices of private individuals who are party to an international commercial contract, especially with regard to forum selection agreements.

From alternative dispute resolution to pluralist dispute resolution: towards an integrated dispute-resolution mechanism in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Zhiqiong June Wang ◽  
Jianfu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
Dispute Resolution System

AbstractSince 1978, we have observed the steady development of institutions, mechanisms and processes of dispute resolution in China. In the last ten years or so, we then noted frequent issuance of new rules and measures as well as revision of existing laws, the promotion of mediation as the preferred method for resolving disputes and, more recently, the promotion of an integrated dispute-resolution system as a national strategy for comprehensive social control (as well as for resolving disputes), in the name of reforming and strengthening ‘the Mechanism for Pluralist Dispute Resolution’. Careful examination of these latest developments suggests that fundamental changes are taking place that may potentially alter the course of the development of the Chinese dispute-resolution system. These developments are the focus of this paper with an aim to ascertain the nature of the developments and their future direction or directions.

The International Rule of Law in Latin American Investment Arbitration: UNASUR’s Advances in Arbitrator Appointment and Disqualification

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Álvarez Zárate ◽  
Rebecca Pendleton
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
South American ◽  
Investment Arbitration ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism ◽  
International Rule

In 2008, Ecuador raised the need for the creation of an alternative dispute resolution mechanism within the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). Any system of investment arbitration should comply with democratic principles and the international rule of law which provide predictability, transparency and legitimacy for arbitral decisions and thus should avoid political and economic bias. This article shows Latin America’s historical inclination towards arbitration and focuses on the 2014 UNASUR Project’s proposed method of appointment and disqualification of arbitrators, and its approach to the execution of awards. By way of comparison with International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) tribunals, the article goes on to suggest how an application of the international rule of law could help guide and structure arbitrators’ behaviours in the proposed UNASUR Project as well as under the current ICSID framework to avoid arbitrators’ deviation from the law and prevent their creative, independent interpretations.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI RESOLUSI MICRO CONFLICT BERBASIS ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (Studi Peran Mediasi di Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Perempuan dan Anak Korban Kekerasan ‘Rekso Dyah Utami’ Yogyakarta)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Linda Evirianti
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Transactional Analysis ◽  
Service Center ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Law ◽  
Integrated Service ◽  
The Way

Humans are social beings formed by mutual interests within the scope of the community. In relation to such reciprocity, social phenomena often arise in the form of violence or conflict arising from the existence of different interests, so that with the emergence of conflicts or disputes, the law plays an important role in resolving these conflicts, especially acts of violence against women and children. Through the Rekso Dyah Utami agency, there is an effort to minimize an act of violence. The way it is done is through the assistance of mediators in resolving cases that occurred at Integrated Service Center for Women and Children of Violence Victims (P2TPAKK) Rekso Dyah Utami through mediation practice.Keywords: communication transaction (transactional analysis), mediation, mediator.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI RESOLUSI MICRO CONFLICT BERBASIS ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (Studi Peran Mediasi di Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Perempuan dan Anak Korban Kekerasan ‘Rekso Dyah Utami’ Yogyakarta)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Linda Evirianti
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Transactional Analysis ◽  
Service Center ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Law ◽  
Integrated Service ◽  
The Way

Humans are social beings formed by mutual interests within the scope of the community. In relation to such reciprocity, social phenomena often arise in the form of violence or conflict arising from the existence of different interests, so that with the emergence of conflicts or disputes, the law plays an important role in resolving these conflicts, especially acts of violence against women and children. Through the Rekso Dyah Utami agency, there is an effort to minimize an act of violence. The way it is done is through the assistance of mediators in resolving cases that occurred at Integrated Service Center for Women and Children of Violence Victims (P2TPAKK) Rekso Dyah Utami through mediation practice.Keywords: communication transaction (transactional analysis), mediation, mediator.

scholarly journals Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Colombia and Russia: Conciliation and Mediation

Justicia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 128-142
Author(s):  
Milton Arrieta López ◽  
Abel Meza Godoy ◽  
Ilya Vladimirovich Afanasiev ◽  
Vladimir Dmitriyevich Sekerin ◽  
Sara Noli
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Russian Constitution ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism

In this article, the authors compare alternative conflict resolution mechanisms in Colombia and Russia. In the former, conciliation is the most developed alternative dispute resolution mechanism, while in the latter, mediation is the most developed. In order to deepen this comparison, a qualitative research of interpretative nature has been developed with the support of bibliographic-documentary material. The main conclusion is that access to justice is a human right that has been positivized as a fundamental right in the constitutions of both Colombia and Russia. However, the Colombian Constitution allows individuals to exercise their jurisdictional functions on a temporary basis, unlike the Russian Constitution, which only authorizes judges from the Federation to exercise their jurisdictional functions. While conciliation in Colombia is developed and implemented through State-supervised Conciliation and Arbitration Centers, mediation in Russia is in its initial phase and has gradually gained acceptance in society. In both states, the implementation of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms has been driven by the need to decongest the courts and tribunals of ordinary justice. Therefore, it is useful to insist on the massive use of these instruments to make possible a justice that comes from the parties in conflict, that can repair the relations of the subjects in dispute and that tends towards the construction of more peaceful societies.

scholarly journals Judicial Specialisation in a Generalist Jurisdiction: Is Commercial Specialisation Within the High Court Justified?

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
William Steel
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Court ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Law Commission ◽  
The Way

In November 2013, after a series of Law Commission reports and years of academic, professional and judicial discussion, the Government introduced legislation to Parliament to replace the existing High Court commercial list with a specialist commercial panel. Whilst this panel would bring New Zealand into line with many comparable common law jurisdictions, this article argues that the case for specialisation has not been established. In particular, it notes that there is no publically available evidence to support the claim that the High Court is losing its commercial jurisdiction, or that commercial parties are choosing to resolve their disputes offshore or through alternative dispute resolution. Accordingly, this article argues that future research by the Law Commission, or other research agency, is required before specialisation can be justified. In reaching this conclusion, it also examines the issues that may arise if the Government decides to continue with its proposed reform under cl 18 of the Judicature Modernisation Bill 2013, suggesting changes along the way.

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