scholarly journals Effect of time in lairage on caecal and carcass salmonella contamination of slaughter pigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Morgan ◽  
F. L. Krautil ◽  
J. A. Craven
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Pig Carcasses

SUMMARYA longitudinal study of the effect of time spent in lairage on salmonellas in the caecum and on the skin surface of 450 slaughter pigs from a single producer was conducted. Pigs were tested in 6 groups at 2 abattoirs, with one-third of a group being slaughtered after 18 h, one-third after 42 h and one-third after 66 h spent in lairage. The salmonella isolation rate from caeca and carcass surfaces increased significantly with increasing time spent in lairage. Salmonellas were isolated from the caeca of 18·5% of pigs held less than 24 h in lairage, 24·1% of pigs held a further 24 h and 47·7% of pigs held for 66 h in lairage before slaughter. The salmonella isolation rates from carcasses were 9·3%, 12·8% and 27·3% for the same groups. Thirteen salmonella serotypes were isolated from the caecal contents and carcasses over the 6 weeks of the trial. One abattoir had a higher salmonella isolation rate from pigs than the other and this was probably related to lairage management. It appeared that lairage is an important factor in the manipulation of the salmonella contamination of pig carcasses.

scholarly journals Seasonal and year dynamics in the quality characteristics in pig carcasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jivko Nakev ◽  
Teodora Popova ◽  
Maya Ignatova ◽  
Penka Marinova ◽  
Tania Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Pig Carcasses

The aim of our study was to assess the dynamics of the characteristics in pig carcasses as affected by the season and year of slaughter. A total of 106 027 carcasses of growing-finishing pigs of commercial production, slaughtered in the same abattoir in 2014 and 2015 were included in the study. The carcasses were classified using UltraFOM 200 device, as the characteristics controlled were back-fat thickness at two locations and the depth of m. Longissimus dorsi. These measurements were used to further determine the lean meat percentage. The results of the study showed significant differences in the dynamics of changes of carcass characteristics during the seasons and the years. The highest lean meat percentage was found in summer (56.48%), followed by spring (56.34%), autumn (56.29%) and winter (56.10%). On the other hand, the pigs slaughtered in winter displayed highest carcass weight and back-fat thickness at both locations.

scholarly journals Change in Anti-COVID-19 Behavior and Prejudice against Minorities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Evidence from Five European Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Zingora ◽  
Sylvie Graf ◽  
Martina Hrebickova ◽  
Jaroslav Tocik ◽  
David Lacko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Change Score ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Latent Change Score ◽  
Score Model

In the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vital to identify factors increasing behaviors that limit the transmission of COVID-19 (i.e., anti-COVID-19 behavior) and factors protecting against the negative consequences of the pandemic on societies (i.e., prejudice). A simultaneous investigation of a change in anti-COVID behavior and prejudice during the pandemic is essential because some factors (e.g., fear of COVID-19) could increase both outcomes, whilst other factors (e.g., norms in anti-COVID behavior or intergroup contact in prejudice) could bring desirable changes in one outcome without negatively affecting the other. In a three-wave longitudinal study (NT1 = 4275) in five European countries from April to October 2020, we employed a latent change score model to distinguish between intra- and inter-individual changes in anti-COVID-19 behavior and prejudice. On the intra-individual level, anti-COVID-19 behavior was increased by anti-COVID-19 norms; and prejudice against migrants from the Middle East was influenced by positive and negative direct and mass-media intergroup contact.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Brucella Spp. Isolation Rates in Ruminant Abortion Cases by Using Different Selective Media

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Mustafa Sencer Karagul ◽  
Serkan Ikiz
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Inhibition Ability ◽  
High Inhibition

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the success of Brucella spp. isolation in ruminant abortion cases by using different selective media. To this end, 58 samples from ruminant abortion cases were utilized. 4 selective media; namely, Farrell Medium (FM), CITA Medium (CM), Modified Thayer Martin (MTM) and Jones & Morgan (JM) were preferred for isolation. In addition to these, one medium with antibiotics was used to extend the range of the results. Suspensions prepared from organ and fetal stomach contents were inoculated to media plates and incubated at 37C° for 5-8 days in 5-10% CO2 condition. Conventional biotyping method was used to identify Brucella isolates within the level of species and biovar. MTM (67.2%) and Farrell (65.5%) outperformed the other media with regards to isolation rate. However, regarding the inhibition ability against contaminant microrganisms, Farrell (86.2%) and CITA (72%) have the highest and second highest percentages respectively. The media’s inhibition ability was examined in the samples in which Brucella spp. isolation occurred to be able to investigate the correlations between isolation and inhibition. Lower isolation percentage was observed in the samples in which the media displayed the lowest inhibition ability against contaminants. In this context, using two different selective media with high inhibition ability against contaminants may be recommended to enhance the isolation rate. Moreover, the components stimulating the growth of Brucella strains might be added to the media to obtain better results.

The Effects of Distance and Intervening Obstacles on Visual Inference in Blind and Sighted Children

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
The Other ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Blind Children ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Visually Impaired Children

Totally blind, visually impaired, and normally sighted children participated in a longitudinal study in which they were asked if an observer could see the toy they were holding from varying distances in three different tasks: (1) in front of the child with no intervening obstacles between the observer and the toy; (2) behind the child with the child's body as an intervening obstacle; (3) in front of the child with walls or furniture as intervening obstacles. Visually impaired and normally sighted children were given the tasks in both blindfold and nonblindfold conditions. The totally blind children mastered the tasks later than the other groups of children. The totally blind and visually impaired children in the blindfold condition made more mistakes in Tasks 1 and 2 when the observer was over 1 metre from them than when she was less than 1 metre from them. The totally blind children had more difficulty on Task 3 than the other children, and were the only children to make mistakes when walls were the intervening obstacles between the observer and the toy. The results suggest that blind children have difficulty understanding the effects of distance and intervening obstacles on vision and that their mistaken ideas may be based on analogies to their own perceptual experience.

Recovery of Salmonella from Artificially Contaminated Poultry Feeds in Non-Selective and Selective Broth Media

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. JUVEN ◽  
N. A. COX ◽  
J. S. BAILEY ◽  
J. E. THOMSON ◽  
O. W. CHARLES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes

The efficacy of four preenrichment media (lactose broth, lactose broth with Tergitol, buffered peptone and M-9) and of direct enrichment in selenite cystine and modified tetrathionate broths for recovering two Salmonella serotypes from dry poultry feed was determined. The salmonellae, artificially inoculated and stored for 7 wk in the dry feed (1.5 to 2.2 cells of salmonellae/g of feed analyzed), were recovered from significantly more samples after preenrichment with M-9 or buffered peptone than with any of the other procedures tested.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the meningococcal carrier state and characteristics of the carrier strains: a longitudinal study within three cohorts of military recruits

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ANDERSEN ◽  
L. BERTHELSEN ◽  
B. BECH JENSEN ◽  
I. LIND
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Military Recruits ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Over Time

Three cohorts of Danish male military recruits (n=1069) were studied for pharyngeal meningococcal carriage during 3 months at different seasons: 39–47% of entrants were meningococcal carriers and the carriage rate remained constant over time and season. However, individual changes in the carrier state occurred frequently, and after 3 months 34% had changed carrier state on one or more occasions. Initially, a loss of carriage predominated; on the other hand almost 20% of non-carriers had acquisition of meningococci within the first month. The serological phenotypes of the 670 carrier strains were compared with those of 261 invasive strains recovered concurrently from patients with meningococcal disease country-wide. Both carrier strains and invasive strains were phenotypically heterogeneous. Almost 60% of the invasive strains belonged to three phenotypes: B[ratio ]15[ratio ]P1.7, 16, C[ratio ]2a[ratio ]P1.2, 5 and C[ratio ]2b[ratio ]P1.2, 5. In contrast, these phenotypes only amounted to 3·2% of the carrier strains, among which no phenotype was found with a prevalence above 4·9%. However, 30% of the carrier strains had serological phenotypes identical to those of 80% of the invasive strains. Our results indicated that the transmission rate of potential pathogenic carrier strains did not differ from that of other carrier strains.

scholarly journals Analysis of the formation of the belly in relation to sex

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
R. Stupka ◽  
M. Šprysl ◽  
M. Pour
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Slaughter Pigs ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the study was to analyse the formation of pig belly in relation to sex. The analysis included in total 193 slaughter pigs of final hybrids currently used in the Czech Republic. The pigs were slaughtered at the age of 166–175 days. The VIA method according to the methodology of Schwerdtfeger et al. (1993) was used to evaluate the formation of belly and to estimate the percentage of lean meat. The calculation of the lean meat and its proportion in the belly was based on the equation according to Čítek (2002). The belly in total as well as the EU belly in barrows reached the weight of 7.85 kg and 4.35 kg, respectively, and in gilts 7.66 kg and 4.12 kg, respectively. With almost the same weight of dressed carcasses, the belly in barrows accounted for a higher proportion, i.e. 9.96% compared to 9.56% in gilts. In terms of percentage the gilts had a statistically highly significantly higher proportion of meat in the EU belly, namely by 3.32% compared to barrows. At all points of measurement the higher total area of the belly section was found in barrows compared to gilts. A comparison of the percentage proportion of lean meat area in the total belly area at individual points of measurement indicated statistically significantly higher values in gilts than in barrows. It was confirmed that in the section area from point 1 to point 3 the deposition of fat in barrows was higher with the values of the meat area ranging from 58.15% to 56.09%. On the other hand, in gilts the differences between individual sections were very small: 61.25%, 61.99% and 61.49%.  

Survival of Campylobacter jejuni during Poultry Processing and Pig Slaughtering

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. OOSTEROM ◽  
G. J. A. DE WILDE ◽  
E. DE BOER ◽  
L. H. DE BLAAUW ◽  
HETTY KARMAN
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Detection Level ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Initial Drop ◽  
D Values ◽  
Pig Carcasses

Experiments were done to assess the survival of Campylobacter jejuni during different stages of poultry processing and pig slaughtering. Natural sources of Campylobacter contamination, i.e., spinchiller water, chicken intestinal contents and pig feces, were used for this purpose. C. jejuni in chicken intestinal contents had D-values ranging from 0.18 to 0.39 min at 60°C to 1.96 to 10.82 min at 52°C. Experiments with surfaces of pig carcasses contaminated with pig feces and held in the cooling room of a pig slaughterhouse showed an overnight reduction of Campylobacter until below the detection level. Further experiments in the laboratory showed that this reduction was due to drying of the skin surface. C. jejuni was very sensitive to drying. When contaminated spinchiller water was spread on tiles of different materials (aluminium, stainless steel, Formica and ceramic), the organism survived as long as a moistened surface could be observed. They could not be isolated once surfaces were visually dry. Freezing affected C. jejuni only during the first few hours; after an initial drop of number, Campylobacter could survive on chicken carcasses and chicken livers at −20°C for more than 64 and 84 d, respectively.

A Longitudinal Study of the Relation between Acquiring a Dog and Loneliness

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolina M. Duvall Antonacopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Direct Measure ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Over Time

This longitudinal study examined the effect of acquiring a dog using both an indirect and a direct measure of loneliness. The loneliness levels of 31 adults who acquired a dog and a control group of 35 non-dog guardians (non-dog owners) were assessed at baseline and 8 months. Results revealed that changes in loneliness over time differed for the two groups when loneliness was assessed through a 1-item direct measure. Participants who acquired a dog experienced reduced loneliness levels from baseline to 8 months and were less lonely at 8 months than non-dog guardians, even though the two groups did not differ at baseline. On the other hand, when loneliness was assessed through a multi-item indirect measure, acquiring a dog had no effect on loneliness. These results highlight the importance of the type of measure used to assess loneliness when examining changes in loneliness following the acquisition of a companion animal.

Quantitative anatomical studies of the composition of the pig at 50, 68 and 92 kg. carcass weight II. Gross composition and skeletal composition

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cuthbertson ◽  
R. W. Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Different Parts

1. Results are presented concerning the gross composition of pig carcasses at 50, 68 and 92 kg. carcass weight in ten litters. They show that during the periods under consideration the proportion of muscle in the carcass exceeded that of the other tissues. However, while the rates of growth of muscle and bone were similar the growth rate of fat was markedly greater. The result was that at 92 kg. the proportions of muscle and fat in the carcass were 43·53 and 41·37%, respectively.2. Results are also presented dealing with the relative development of the different parts of the skeleton. Of the five major anatomical regions of the skeleton the sacrum grew relatively fastest between 50 and 68 kg. carcass weight while the cervical vertebrae grew fastest in the second period. In both periods the bones of the thorax and loin grew at rates intermediate between the fastest and slowest growing regions.

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