scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiotic resistance ofHaemophilus influenzaein healthy children

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Howard ◽  
K. T. Dunkin ◽  
G. W. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Capsular Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
Sibling Status

SUMMARYAn investigation was undertaken to determine the isolation rate and antibiotic resistance ofHaemophilus influenzaefrom the nasopharynx of young children. The 996 subjects studied were up to 6 years of age.H. influenzaewas isolated from 304 (30·5%) and strains of capsular type b from 11 (1·1%). Age, sibling status, season, respiratory infection and antibiotic therapy all influenced isolation rates. The overall prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the strains isolated was ampicillin 5·4% (all β-lactamase producers), cefaclor 0·3%, chloramphenicol 1·3%, erythromycin 38·2%, tetracycline 1·3%, trimethoprim 5·4% and sulphamethoxazole 0%. Ampicillin resistance was more common in type b than non-capsulated strains.

Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Antibiotic-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae in Healthy Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Lerman ◽  
Jon C. Kucera ◽  
Jan M. Brunken
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Clinical Failure ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Type B ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Recent Illness

We selected 16 schools representing a broad socioeconomic cross-section of metropolitan Omaha and obtained nasopharyngeal cultures for Haemophilus influenzae from 1,084 healthy 4- to 7-year-old children. We found that 34.2% of the children carried nontypable strains and 2.0% carried type b strains. Carriage rates were not influenced by recent illness, family size, or number of people sharing a bedroom. The prevalence of ampicillin-resistant H influenzae in the sample population was 0.9% for nontypable strains and 0.4% for type b strains; it was not significantly different in the group of children who had recently used β-lactam antibiotics. One child carried a nontypable strain which was resistant to both chloramphenicol and tetracycline, the first chloramphenicol-resistant H influenzae detected in Omaha. A survey of healthy children may be a useful method for projecting a community's risk of disease caused by ampicillin-resistant H influenzae. Among the nasopharyngeal isolates from healthy children, 2.7% of nontypable strains and 18.2% of type b strains were resistant to ampicillin (P < .01). During the same five-month period in Omaha, clinical failure in the treatment of otitis media with ampicillin was uncommon and four (20.0%) of 20 cases of H influenzae type b bacteremia and meningitis were caused by ampicillin-resistant organisms.

Effect of Prior Antibiotics on the Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae Type b to Ampicillin

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-271
Author(s):  
Sheldon L. Kaplan ◽  
Edward O. Mason ◽  
Sally J. Kvernland
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Type B ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
In Infants And Children

Ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b are responsible for a substantial number of cases of invasive disease caused by this organism in infants and children.1 Syriopoulou et al2 have observed that ampicillin-resistant isolates of H influenzae (type b or non-b) occur more frequently in ill children who have received prior β- lactam antibiotics. However, Lerman et al3 found that recent antibiotic therapy did not influence the susceptibility to ampicillin of H influenzae (type b or non-b) recovered from the nasopharynx of healthy children. Inasmuch as the prevalence of ampicillin-resistant H influenzae type has been increasing steadily at Texas Children's Hospital since 1974, we initiated a prospective study of the influence of prior antibiotics on ampicillin susceptibility of H influenzae type b from children with invasive disease.

scholarly journals High ampicillin resistance in different biotypes and serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae colonizing the nasopharynx of healthy school-going Indian children

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Jain ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Shally Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Urban Schools ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type B ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
Serotype B

Haemophilus influenzae is one of the main causes of otitis media, sinusitis, meningitis, pneumonia and septicaemia in children, and the development of ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae is a cause of serious concern. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae colonizing the nasopharynx of school-going healthy North Indian children, and to compare the distribution of different biotypes and serotype b in this population. A total of 2400 school-going healthy children from 45 rural and 45 urban schools were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the children and cultured. H. influenzae was isolated from 1001 (41·7 %) of the 2400 nasopharyngeal swabs collected. All these H. influenzae isolates were biotyped and serotyped, and their antibiotic susceptibility tested. All eight biotypes were present in this population. The most prevalent biotypes were I (19·6 %), II (16·8 %) and III (25·0 %). Of the 1001 isolates, 316 (31·6 %) were H. influenzae type b and 685 (68·4 %) were non-type b H. influenzae, and 22·9 % were resistant to ampicillin, 41·9 % to chloramphenicol, 27·5 % to erythromycin and 67·3 % to co-trimoxazole. Of the 316 H. influenzae type b isolates, 44·0 % were ampicillin resistant, while only 13·1 % non-type b H. influenzae isolates were ampicillin resistant. Of the 229 ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae isolates, 196 (85·6 %) were positive for β-lactamase; 93·4 % (214/229) were biotypes I, II and III, of which 49 % were biotype I, 27·9 % were type II and 16·6 % were type III. Most of the strains belonging to biotypes III–VIII were ampicillin sensitive. Ampicillin resistance is significantly more common in biotype I and serotype b than in other biotypes and serotypes.

scholarly journals Effect of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccination on Nasopharyngeal Carriage Rate in Children, Tehran, 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei ◽  
Sara Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Seyed Mohsen Zahraei ◽  
Sussan Mahmoudi ◽  
Ghazaleh Ghandchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Type B ◽  
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) strains, which commonly reside as commensals within the human pharynx and can remain as an asymptomatic carrier, but become invasive leading to pneumonia, septic arthritis, or meningitis. The Pentavac (pentavalent vaccine, manufactured by India, SII (DTwP-HepB-Hib)) was introduced to the Iranian National Immunization Plan in November 2014. The aim of this study is to investigate H. influenzae type b (Hib) carrier rate among children under 6 years old in Tehran. Methods. This cross-sectional study was performed on 902 children including vaccinated/unvaccinated in the age of 6 months to 6 years, in Tehran. Sampling was performed from July 2019 to September 2019. Nasopharyngeal samples were taken from children by sterile swab. The PCR method was used to extract DNA. Then, all H. influenzae isolates were initially confirmed by molecular tests. BexA was used to distinguish typeable H. influenzae strains from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Results. A total of 902 children were enrolled in the study: 452 were female (51%). H. influenzae carriage rate was 267 (29%), of that 150 samples (16.6%) were typeable. The nasopharyngeal Hib carrier rate in the children was 2.6% (24/902). 262 cases did not receive Hib vaccine. Analysis in nonnursery’s children aged 4 to 6 (unvaccinated) years showed that the lower educational level of father, mother, and family number correlated with increased odds of colonization of children with Hib. Conclusion. Our findings showed a significant decrease (60%) in the overall Hib nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children under six years after 5 years after the start of Hib vaccination.

scholarly journals Observations on the nasopharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b in children in Kampala, Uganda

1970 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Mpairwe
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Type B ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Kampala City ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Outpatient Children

SUMMARYHaemophilus influenzae type b was isolated from 4·5% of outpatient children living in various parts of Kampala city and its surroundings. In contrast, this serotype was carried by up to 53 % (average 29 %) of 14 to 18 children living as a group in an orphanage. This finding indicates that the high carriage rate for this serotype demonstrated by Turk (1963) in a group of orphanage infants in Jamaica was not an isolated finding, and that it may be expected where large groups of children live together.H. influenzae type b did not appear to be a readily transmitted organism even in that group of children with a high carriage rate. This suggests that in ordinary open communities the transmission of this serotype from one household to another may be an extremely rare event.

Haemophilus influenzae Type b Polysaccharide-Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine in Vaccinated Children Who Developed Haemophilus Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-620
Author(s):  
GEOFFREY A. WEINBERG ◽  
TRUDY V. MURPHY ◽  
DAN M. GRANOFF
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Type B ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Polyribosylribitol Phosphate ◽  
Conventional Type

Children in whom invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease develops despite previous immunization with conventional type b polysaccharide vaccine (polyribosylribitol phosphate [PRP]) have been reported to have impaired serum anticapsular antibody responses following recovery from H influenzae type b disease.1,2 Recently, these "vaccine failure" patients also have been found to have impaired antibody responses to reimmunization with PRP vaccine.3 The reasons are not understood because most of the children have normal serum concentrations of immunoglobulins, including IgG2.1-4 They also are more than 3 years of age at the time of reimmunization, an age group in which most healthy children respond to PRP vaccine.

Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Haemophilus influenzae Type b: Attempted Eradication by Cefaclor or Rifampin

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-433
Author(s):  
Ram Yogev ◽  
Cheryl Melick ◽  
Kathy Kabat
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Type B ◽  
Day Care Center ◽  
Index Cases

The efficacy of cefaclor and rifampin in eradicating Haemophilus influenzae type b (HITB) from the nasopharynx of day care center and household contacts of children with HITB meningitis was evaluated. In 38/50 children treated with cefaclor, the carrier state persisted, a failure rate of 76%. Although cefaclor failed to eradicate HITB from many carriers, an appreciable reduction in the intensity of colonization following teatment was noticed. When rifampin was used in 17 children who had failed to respond to cefaclor, persistence of the carrier state with HITB was found in only two children, a failure rate of only 12%. During the study, two episodes of invasive HITB disease were documented to be acquired from sources other than the index cases or from children who were screened, which suggested the need to reevaluate the usually recommended strategy to screen for carriage and to treat only the immediate contacts 6 years of age and younger. Furthermore, the most appropriate agent for eradicating nasopharyngeal carriage of HITB awaits additional studies.

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