scholarly journals A large outbreak of scombroid fish poisoning associated with eating escolar fish (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum)

2004 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. FELDMAN ◽  
S. B. WERNER ◽  
S. CRONAN ◽  
M. HERNANDEZ ◽  
A. R. HORVATH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Fish Poisoning ◽  
Large Outbreak

In August 2003, an outbreak of scombroid fish poisoning occurred at a retreat centre in California, USA. In a retrospective cohort study, 42 (75%) of the 56 dinner attendees who ate escolar fish (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum) met the case definition. Individuals who ate at least 2 oz of fish were 1·5 times more likely to develop symptoms than those who ate less (relative risk 1·5, 95% confidence interval 0·9–2·6), and to develop more symptoms (median 7 vs. 3 symptoms, P=0·03). Patients who took medicine had a longer duration of symptoms than those who did not (median 4 vs. 1·5 h, P=0·05), and experienced a greater number of symptoms (median 8 vs. 3 symptoms, P=0·0002). Samples of fish contained markedly elevated histamine levels (from 2000 to 3800 ppm). This is one of the largest reported outbreaks of scombroid fish poisoning in the United States and was associated with a rare vehicle for scombroid fish poisoning, escolar.

Iron Packaging Regulations in the United States and Pediatric Morbidity: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Leonard ◽  
Elizabeth Quaal Hines ◽  
Wendy Klein-Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Early Time ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Pediatric Morbidity

Iron poisoning was a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. We sought to assess whether the removal of strict iron packaging requirements in 2003 resulted in an increase in iron-related morbidity and mortality in pediatric exposures. We performed a retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Poison Data System from 2000 to 2017. A total of 4110 exposures met inclusion criteria: 847 from before (2000-2003) and 3263 after removal of unit-dose package regulations (2004-2017). The incidence of any marker of severity (7.2% vs 3.8%; odds ratio = 0.51, 95% confidence interval = 0.37-0.69) and frequency of deferoxamine use were both higher in the early time period (2.6% vs 1.0%; odds ratio = 0.38, 95% confidence interval = 0.22-0.66). There was no difference in the frequency of key serious effects (acidosis, elevated transaminases, hypotension). Despite removal of iron packaging regulations in the United States, there continues to be a decrease in the incidence of severe iron exposures in children.

scholarly journals Burden of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis among children with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Parlett ◽  
Qinli Ma ◽  
Qian Shi ◽  
Geoffrey Crawford ◽  
Laura Herrera Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
United States ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Diabetic Children

AbstractThis claims-based retrospective cohort study examined the prevalence and incremental impact of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis among children with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States. Although diagnoses of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis were not common among diabetic children, it was associated with significantly higher incremental healthcare cost and risk of hospitalization.

First norovirus outbreaks associated with consumption of green seaweed (Enteromorpha spp.) in South Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. PARK ◽  
H. S. JEONG ◽  
J. S. LEE ◽  
S. W. LEE ◽  
Y. H. CHOI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Green Seaweed ◽  
Norovirus Gii ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYIn February 2012, an outbreak of gastroenteritis was reported in school A; a successive outbreak was reported at school B. A retrospective cohort study conducted in school A showed that seasoned green seaweed with radishes (relative risk 7·9, 95% confidence interval 1·1–56·2) was significantly associated with illness. Similarly, a case-control study of students at school B showed that cases were 5·1 (95% confidence interval 1·1–24·8) times more likely to have eaten seasoned green seaweed with pears. Multiple norovirus genotypes were detected in samples from students in schools A and B. Norovirus GII.6 isolated from schools A and B were phylogenetically indistinguishable. Green seaweed was supplied by company X, and norovirus GII.4 was isolated from samples of green seaweed. Green seaweed was assumed to be linked to these outbreaks. To our knowledge, this is the first reported norovirus outbreak associated with green seaweed.

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