scholarly journals Estimation of European wild boar relative abundance and aggregation: a novel method in epidemiological risk assessment

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. ACEVEDO ◽  
J. VICENTE ◽  
U. HÖFLE ◽  
J. CASSINELLO ◽  
F. RUIZ-FONS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Wildlife Epidemiology

Wild boars are important disease reservoirs. It is well known that abundance estimates are needed in wildlife epidemiology, but the expense and effort required to obtain them is prohibitive. We evaluated a simple method based on the frequency of faecal droppings found on transects (FBII), and developed a spatial aggregation index, based on the runs test statistic. Estimates were compared with hunting data, and with porcine circovirus and Aujeszky's disease virus seroprevalences and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Metastrongylus spp. prevalence. The FBII and the aggregation index were correlated with the hunting index, but both of the former estimates correlated better than the latter with the disease prevalences. Hence, at least in habitats with high wild boar densities, the FBII combined with the aggregation index constitutes a cheap and reliable alternative for wild boar abundance estimation that can be used for epidemiological risk assessment, even outside the hunting season and in areas with no available data on hunting activities.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment for Use of a Porcine Circovirus-Contaminated Reagent in a Barrier Maintained Rodent Colony

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 575-579
Author(s):  
Norman C Peterson ◽  
Aaron A Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Pancreatic Elastase ◽  
Porcine Pancreatic Elastase

A proposal for the use of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) to develop a mouse model of pulmonary emphysema raised concerns about introducing contaminating porcine viruses into our barrier facility. Porcine Circovirus (PCV) is a known contaminant of vaccines and cell cultures that have been exposed to porcine-derived reagents. Endemic infection of PCV3 in laboratory mice has been reported, and some evidence supports natural PCV infection in wild mice. PPE samples from 2 different vendors tested positive for DNA from both PCV2 and 3. To allow model development with these reagents to proceed, we developed a protocol that would meet scientific objectives, minimize exposure of mice, and provide information on the potential for the virus to spread. Five d after BALB/c mice received intralaryngeal administration of PPE, lungs were harvested and analyzed for evidence of disease. Tissues from other major organs were submitted to test for disseminated PCV2 and 3 DNA. Similarly, tissues (including lungs) from direct contact nude sentinel mice were analyzed for the presence of the virus. To evaluate the possibility of endemic PCV2/3 infection, we also surveyed non-porcine reagent exposed mice on other studies. PCV2 and 3 was not detected in any of the tissues submitted. Although this study provided no evidence of infection and transmission of PCV2/3 from the contaminated PPE sample over the 5 d study, further work is needed to understand the risks and impact of introducing PCV contaminated cells or reagents into barrier maintained rodent colonies.

scholarly journals Assessment of suppliers in food business: is there a way to estimate the risk?

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Joanna Trafiałek ◽  
Friedrich-Karl Lücke ◽  
Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska ◽  
Beata Bilska ◽  
Marzena Tomaszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Risk Assessment Method ◽  
Dairy Plant

The objective of the study was to develop an easy-to-apply method for assessing the supplier-linked risk in the food business. The method as suggested in the study makes it possible to calculate, using simple mathematical tools, a level of risk involved in the cooperation with a particular supplier. The risk assessment is based on six criteria set for every supplier: type of commodities or products provided by the supplier; period of the cooperation with the supplier; systems applied by the supplier to assure quality and safety; past performance of the suppliers with respect to delayed deliveries, cancelled deliveries, and claimed deliveries owing to improper quality of raw materials. The method developed was validated in three companies: meat plant, dairy plant, and catering facility. A simple method was proposed to assess what risk a particular supplier could bring on the quality and safety of finished food product. This risk assessment method can be applied in different food businesses. The greatest benefit of the method developed consists in its ease of use and functionality. The suggested method can be used by small companies and it does not require any complicated calculations or advanced statistical techniques. The method can be very useful for enterprises; however, it has certain limitations such as knowledge and awareness of its users.

scholarly journals MEVA - a new method of occupational health and safety risk assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 12008
Author(s):  
Doru-Costin Darabont ◽  
Eduard Smîdu ◽  
Alina Trifu ◽  
Vicențiu Ciocîrlea ◽  
Iulian Ivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
New Method ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Safety Risk

The paper describes a new method of occupational health and safety risk assessment. This method, called MEVA, unlike the old ones, focuses more on reduce or eliminate subjective issues in determining the probability of manifestation of risk factors and is based on a deductive reasoning, with the help of which is studied the chain between two or more events. The novelty of the method consists in combining risk assessment techniques with evaluation of compliance with legal and other requirements, aiming to provide a more objective results of the risk assessment. In the MEVA method, the risk matrix is defined by 5 classes of severity and 5 probability classes, resulting in 5 levels of risk. After quantifying the risk factors, prevention measures are proposed for all the identified risk factors and each partial risk level is recalculated as a result of the proposed measures. The five levels of risk were grouped into three categories: acceptable, tolerable and unacceptable. The MEVA method is a simple method and it can be used for assessing various workplaces, with different characteristics of complexity, activity domain or occupational health and safety recordings.

First report of wild boar susceptibility to Porcine circovirus type 3: High prevalence in the Colli Euganei Regional Park (Italy) in the absence of clinical signs

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Franzo ◽  
Claudia Maria Tucciarone ◽  
Michele Drigo ◽  
Mattia Cecchinato ◽  
Marco Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
First Report ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Type 3

scholarly journals Were Polish wild boars exposed to Schmallenberg virus?

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kęsik-Maliszewska ◽  
Artur Jabłoński ◽  
Magdalena Larska
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
High Incidence

AbstractIntroduction: A novel to Europe Schmallenberg virus (SBV) causes clinical disease manifested by reproduction disorders in farm ruminants. In free-living ruminants, SBV antibodies as well as the virus were detected. Recent studies also revealed SBV antibodies in wild boars. The study investigates SBV antibodies occurring in wild boars in Poland at the peak of recent virus epidemics in the country.Material and Methods: Samples collected from 203 wild boars culled during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 hunting season were serologically tested using multi-species cELISA. Attempted neutralisation tests failed due to poor serum quality. RT-PCR was implemented in seropositive and doubtful animals.Results: Two samples collected from wild boar in the winter of 2013 gave a positive result in ELISA, while another two from the 2012/2013 hunting season were doubtful. No SBV RNA was detected in spleen and liver tissues.Conclusion: Low SBV seroprevalence in wild boars, despite high incidence of SBV infections occurring simultaneously in wild ruminants, suggests that boars are unlikely to be a significant reservoir of the virus in the sylvatic environment in Poland.

Genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in the Korean wild boar population

2014 ◽  
Vol 169 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Jun An ◽  
Seong-In Lim ◽  
Yong Kwan Kim ◽  
Hyun-Kyoung Lee ◽  
Yoon-Young Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Wild Boar Population
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