scholarly journals Rubella seroprofile of the Italian population: an 8-year comparison

2006 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. ROTA ◽  
A. BELLA ◽  
G. GABUTTI ◽  
C. GIAMBI ◽  
A. FILIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Seroprevalence Study ◽  
Congenital Rubella

SUMMARYThe objective of this study is to evaluate how increasing MMR infant vaccination coverage in recent years has modified the epidemiology of rubella in Italy. A cross-sectional population-based seroprevalence study of rubella antibodies was conducted on 3094 sera, in 2004, and results were compared with data obtained by the same method in 1996. The overall proportion of rubella-seropositive individuals was found to be significantly higher in 2004 with respect to 1996 (84·6% vs. 77·4%). However, an increase in seropositivity was observed only in the 1–19 years age groups. Recent increases in childhood MMR vaccination coverage, therefore, have not had an impact on seroprevalence in women of childbearing age, over 5% of whom remain susceptible to rubella. Preconception screening and postpartum vaccination of susceptible women are fundamental if the WHO target of less than one case of congenital rubella syndrome per 100 000 live births is to be attained.

scholarly journals Pregnancy protection and pregnancies in women prescribed ACE inhibitors or ARBs: a cross-sectional study in primary care

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (700) ◽  
pp. e778-e784
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Lovegrove ◽  
John Robson ◽  
Patricia McGettigan
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundThe teratogenic risks of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are well documented, but prescribing these in younger women in primary care is becoming increasingly frequent.AimTo record how frequently women of childbearing age, who are prescribed an ACE inhibitor or ARB, receive preconception advice and/or are prescribed contraception, and how many pregnancies, terminations, and miscarriages occur in this population. Additionally, to ascertain whether patterns in the above differ across age groups.Design and settingCross-sectional study conducted among patients from 141 general practices in East London.MethodWomen aged 15–45 years who were issued a prescription for an ACE inhibitor or ARB between 1 October 2018 and 1 January 2019 inclusive were included. An electronic search strategy was designed to extract pseudonymised data concerning preconception and contraception advice, contraception, and pregnancies from the electronic clinical system; this was applied to the selected cohort on 1 January 2019. Data were analysed in 5-year age groups.ResultsOf 302 939 women aged 15–45 years, 2651 (0.9%) were prescribed an ACE inhibitor or an ARB in a 3-month period. Of these, 2159 (81.4%) had no advice and no contraception prescription recorded, 35 (1.3%) had preconception advice recorded, and 230 (8.7%) had contraception advice recorded. A total of 100 pregnancies and 21 terminations/miscarriages were recorded in the 12 months preceding the index date (1 January 2019).ConclusionThis study found that the recording of pre-pregnancy advice and contraception in women of childbearing age who were prescribed an ACE inhibitor or an ARB was suboptimal; this may place women and their babies at risk of exposure to teratogens during pregnancy. The findings indicate that there is a need for improved safety strategies based in primary care.

scholarly journals Rubella and measles seroprevalence among women of childbearing age, Argentina, 2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. DAYAN ◽  
M. S. PANERO ◽  
A. URQUIZA ◽  
M. MOLINA ◽  
S. PRIETO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Care ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Measles Outbreaks

To assess rubella and measles susceptibility among women of childbearing age we conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study in four cities and one rural area in Argentina. A convenience sample of women aged 15–49 years seeking care in public health-care institutions was selected (n=2804). Serum specimens were tested for rubella and measles IgG antibody titres. The overall susceptibility to rubella and measles was 8·8 and 12·5% respectively. Seroprevalence differences were found for both rubella (P<0·001) and measles (P=0·002) across sites. Rubella seroprevalence was higher in women aged [ges ]40 years than in younger women (P=0·04). Measles seroprevalence tended to increase with age (P<0·001). Approximately 15% of women aged 15–29 years were not immune to measles. No risk factors were associated with rubella seronegativity; however, age (P<0·001) and having less than four pregnancies (P<0·001) were factors associated with measles seronegativity. Our findings support the introduction of supplemental immunization activities targeting adolescents and young adults to prevent congenital rubella syndrome and measles outbreaks over time.

scholarly journals Intake of game birds in the UK: assessment of the contribution to the dietary intake of lead by women of childbearing age and children

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M Taylor ◽  
Jean Golding ◽  
Alan M Emond
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Game Birds ◽  
The Uk

AbstractObjectiveConcern has recently been expressed about Pb levels in Pb-shot game meat. Our aim was to determine the consumption of game birds in a representative sample population in the UK, and in children and women of childbearing age in particular.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional cohort study. Data from 4 d diet diaries from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS; 2008–2010) were extracted to analyse data on game bird consumption in the sample population, in women of childbearing age (15–45 years old) and in children ≤6 years old.SettingHome-based study in representative areas of the UK.SubjectsParticipants in the NDNS (2008–2010; n 2126, age 1·5 to >65 years).ResultsFifty-eight participants (2·7 %) reported eating game birds. The mean intake was 19·5 (sd 18·1) g/d (median 15·6, range 1·3–92·9 g/d). In women of childbearing age (15–45 years), 11/383 (2·9 %) reported eating game birds, with a mean intake of 22·4 (sd 25·8) g/d (median 15·6, range 2·0–92·9 g/d). In children aged ≤6 years old, 3/342 (0·9 %) were reported as eating game birds, with a mean intake of 6·8 (sd 9·7) g/d (median 2·4, range 1·3–23·2 g/d).ConclusionsThe prevalence of consumption of game birds by women of childbearing age and children ≤6 years old was relatively low and intakes were small. However, any exposure to Pb in these two groups is undesirable. As are uncertainties about the ability of the diet diary method to capture the consumption of food items that are infrequently consumed, alternative methods of capturing these data should be used in future studies.

scholarly journals Rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome in the Philippines: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anna Lena Lopez ◽  
Peter Francis N. Raguindin ◽  
Maria Asuncion Silvestre ◽  
Xenia Cathrine J. Fabay ◽  
Ariel B. Vinarao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Rubella

Background. As part of regional elimination efforts, rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) have recently been introduced in the Philippines, yet the true burden of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the country is largely unknown.Objective. To provide baseline information on rubella and CRS prior to routine vaccine introduction in the Philippines.Methods. We conducted a systematic literature review on rubella and CRS in the Philippines, including a cross-sectional study conducted in 2002 among 383 pregnant women attending the obstetric outpatient clinic of the Philippine General Hospital to assess rubella susceptibility of women of childbearing age.Results. 15 locally published and unpublished studies were reviewed. Susceptibility to rubella among women of childbearing age was higher in rural communities. Retrospective reviews revealed congenital heart diseases, cataracts, and hearing impairments to be most common presentations in children of CRS. In the cross-sectional study, 59 (15.4%) of the 383 pregnant women enrolled were seronegative for rubella IgG.Conclusion. Similar to other countries introducing RCV, it was only recently that surveillance for rubella has been established. Previous studies show substantial disabilities due to CRS and a substantial proportion of susceptible women who are at risk for having babies affected with CRS. Establishment of CRS surveillance and enhanced awareness on rubella case detection should be prioritized.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome in Greece, 1994-2003

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Panagiotopoulos ◽  
T Georgakopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Very High ◽  
Preventive Policy

In 1993, there was a large epidemic of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Greece. The epidemiology of rubella and CRS after 1993 is described in this paper using information from surveillance data and published studies and reports. The incidence of rubella fell sharply after 1993, but a smaller outbreak occurred in 1999, mainly in young adults, and four CRS cases (4.0 per 100 000 live births) were recorded. A very high proportion of the child population in Greece are currently vaccinated for rubella, while teenagers are inadequately covered (60-80% in different studies). A substantial proportion of women of childbearing age are susceptible to rubella (10-20% in urban areas). This could lead to local or more extended outbreaks. This situation shows that a comprehensive preventive policy should be implemented.

scholarly journals Rubella Vaccination Coverage Among Women of Childbearing Age in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1741
Author(s):  
Toan Thanh Thi Do ◽  
Anh Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Xuan Thanh Thi Le ◽  
Ann Pongsakul ◽  
Quang Nhat Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Rubella Vaccination

Despite the availability of effective and safe rubella vaccines for women of childbearing age, prevention and control of congenital rubella syndrome in children remains challenging in Vietnam. In order to examine this issue, we conducted a cross-sectional study, examining the current coverage of rubella vaccination before pregnancy among 807 pregnant women and women with children under 12 months of age in urban and rural districts, Dong Da and Ba Vi, in Hanoi, Vietnam. In this population, we observed an alarming non-compliance rate with rubella vaccination before pregnancy in both localities. Among the 82.0% of participants who remained unvaccinated against this contagious viral infection, 95.8% of them were in Ba Vi district, compared to 68.0% in Dong Da district (p < 0.001). Besides the differences in age, number of children, education levels, primary occupations and monthly incomes among the participants between the two districts, other reasons for noncompliance with rubella vaccination includeddisinterest in rubella vaccination, the high cost and long distance to vaccination sites as well as unawareness of vaccination locations. In addition to addressing the unique socio-economicchallenges behind one’s accessibility to vaccination services in urban and rural areas, our study supports a continued effort in ensuring proper access to and education about pre-pregnancy vaccines and vaccination among women of childbearing age in order to achieve and sustain sufficient immunization coverage of rubella and other vaccine-preventable diseases in both settings.

scholarly journals Impact of birth rate, seasonality and transmission rate on minimum levels of coverage needed for rubella vaccination

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 2290-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. E. METCALF ◽  
J. LESSLER ◽  
P. KLEPAC ◽  
F. CUTTS ◽  
B. T. GRENFELL
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Rubella Vaccination

SUMMARYChildhood rubella infection in early pregnancy can lead to fetal death or congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) with multiple disabilities. Reduction of transmission via universal vaccination can prevent CRS, but inadequate coverage may increase CRS numbers by increasing the average age at infection. Consequently, many countries do not vaccinate against rubella. The World Health Organization recommends that for safe rubella vaccination, at least 80% coverage of each birth cohort should be sustained. The nonlinear relationship between CRS burden and infection dynamics has been much studied; however, how the complex interaction between epidemic and demographic dynamics affects minimum safe levels of coverage has not been quantitatively evaluated across scales necessary for a global assessment. We modelled 30-year CRS burdens across epidemiological and demographic settings, including the effect of local interruption of transmission via stochastic fadeout. Necessary minimum vaccination coverage increases markedly with birth and transmission rates, independent of amplitude of seasonal fluctuations in transmission. Susceptible build-up in older age groups following local stochastic extinction of rubella increased CRS burden, indicating that spatial context is important. In low birth-rate settings, 80% routine coverage is a conservative guideline, particularly if supplemented with campaigns and vaccination of women of childbearing age. Where birth and transmission rates are high, immunization coverage must be well above 80% and campaigns may be needed. Policy-makers should be aware of the potential negative effect of local extinction of rubella, since heterogeneity in vaccination coverage will shape extinction patterns, potentially increasing CRS burdens.

The German Version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Glaesmer ◽  
Gesine Grande ◽  
Elmar Braehler ◽  
Marcus Roth
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Life Scale

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is the most commonly used measure for life satisfaction. Although there are numerous studies confirming factorial validity, most studies on dimensionality are based on small samples. A controversial debate continues on the factorial invariance across different subgroups. The present study aimed to test psychometric properties, factorial structure, factorial invariance across age and gender, and to deliver population-based norms for the German general population from a large cross-sectional sample of 2519 subjects. Confirmatory factor analyses supported that the scale is one-factorial, even though indications of inhomogeneity of the scale have been detected. Both findings show invariance across the seven age groups and both genders. As indicators of the convergent validity, a positive correlation with social support and negative correlation with depressiveness was shown. Population-based norms are provided to support the application in the context of individual diagnostics.

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