A multi-centre prospective case-control study of campylobacter infection in persons aged 5 years and older in Australia

SUMMARYThere are an estimated 277 000 cases of campylobacteriosis in Australia each year, most of which are thought to be sporadically acquired. To explore causes for these infections, we conducted a multi-centre case-control study of patients and community controls across five Australian States during 2001–2002. A total of 881 campylobacter cases and 833 controls aged ⩾5 years were recruited into the study. Crude logistic analyses were conducted within various food and non-food exposure groups. A final most parsimonious multivariable logistic regression model was developed and adjusted odds ratios (aOR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were derived together with adjusted population attributable risks (PAR). Consumption of undercooked chicken (aOR 4·7, 95% CI 2·6–8·4) and offal (aOR 2·0, 95% CI 1·0–4·0), ownership of domestic chickens aged <6 months (aOR 12·4, 95% CI 2·6–59·3) and domestic dogs aged <6 months (aOR 2·1, 95% CI 1·1–4·2) were found to be independent risk factors for illness in the final model. The PAR proportions indicate that eating chicken meat, either cooked or undercooked may account for approximately 30% of campylobacter cases that occur each year in Australia. These results justify the continued need for education of consumers and foodhandlers about the risks associated with the handling of raw chicken and the potential for cross-contamination.

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The Public Health Laboratory Service national case-control study of primary indigenous sporadic cases of campylobacter infection

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268800058076 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 15-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

G. K. Adak ◽

J. M. Cowden ◽

S. Nicholas ◽

H. S. Evans

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Laboratory Service ◽

The Public ◽

Untreated Water ◽

Sporadic Cases ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Campylobacter Infection ◽

Occupational Contact ◽

Control Study

SummaryThe aetiology of sporadic campylobacter infection was investigated by means of a multicentre case-control study. During the course of the study 598 cases and their controls were interviewed.Conditional logistic regressional analysis of the data collected showed that occupational exposure to raw meat (odds ratio [OR] 9·37; 95 % confidence intervals [CI] 2·03, 43·3), having a household with a pet with diarrhoea (OR 2·39; CI 1·09. 5·25), and ingesting untreated water from lakes, rivers and streams (OR 4·16; CI 1·45. 11·9) were significant independent risk factors for becoming ill with campylobacter. Handling any whole chicken in the domestic kitchen that had been bought raw with giblets, or eating any dish cooked from chicken of this type in the home (OR 0·41–0·44; CI 0·24, 0·79) and occupational contact with livestock or their faeces (OR 0·44; CI 0·21, 0·92) were significantly associated with a decrease in the risk of becoming ill with campylobacter.

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Sporadic Campylobacter Infection in Infants: A Population-Based Surveillance Case-Control Study

Yearbook of Pediatrics ◽

10.1016/s0084-3954(08)70420-2 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 267-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.A. Stockman

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Campylobacter Infection ◽

Control Study

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705. Factors Associated with Local Invasion in Infective Endocarditis: a Nested Case-control Study

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.897 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S403-S403

Author(s):

Abarna Ramanathan ◽

James Witten ◽

Steven M Gordon ◽

Brian Griffin ◽

Gosta Pettersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infective Endocarditis ◽

Aortic Valve ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Cleveland Clinic ◽

Case Control ◽

Paravalvular Leak ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽

Local Invasion ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background A substantial proportion of infective endocarditis (IE) cases are complicated by local invasion. The purpose of this study was to identify patient and disease characteristics that increase the odds of local invasion in surgically treated IE patients. Methods This was a nested case-control study. All episodes of IE for patients admitted to Cleveland Clinic from January 1st, 2013 – June 30th, 2016 were identified from the Cleveland Clinic IE Registry. Patients >18 years of age who underwent surgery for IE were included. Data was compiled by manual review of the Electronic Medical Record. Local invasion, defined as peri-annular extension, peri-valvular abscess, intra-cardiac fistula or pseudoaneurysm, was ascertained from the surgical operative note. Associations of selected factors with local invasion were examined in a multivariable logistic regression model. Results Among 510 patients who met inclusion criteria, 206 had local invasion. Mean age was 56 years and 369 (72 %) were male. Overall 344 (67 %) had aortic valve, 228 (45%) mitral valve, and 66 (13%) tricuspid or pulmonic valve involvement. Aortic valve involvement (OR 5.76, 95% CI 3.44 – 9.98), mechanical valve (OR 7.63, 95% CI 3.63 – 17.07), bioprosthetic valve (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.99 – 5.19), significant paravalvular leak (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.09 – 4.97), new atrioventricular nodal block (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.57 – 6.09), Staphylococcus aureus infection (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.20 – 3.76), coagulase negative staphylococcal infection (OR 2.38, 95% CI1.27 – 4.54), and non- viridans group streptococcal infection (OR 4.21, 95% CI 1.81 – 10.06) were significantly associated with local invasion. Conclusion Intra-cardiac and microorganism factors, but not comorbid conditions, are associated with local invasion in IE. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Oral contraceptives and breast cancer: A case-control study with hospital and community controls

International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics ◽

10.1016/0020-7292(91)90088-m ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 94-94

Author(s):

JM Schildkraut ◽

BS Hulka ◽

WE Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Oral Contraceptives ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Community Controls ◽

Control Study

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Diabetes mellitus, anti-secretory drugs and other risk factors for campylobacter gastro-enteritis in adults: a case-control study

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268897008224 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 119 (3) ◽

pp. 307-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

K. R. NEAL ◽

R. C. B. SLACK

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Postal Questionnaire ◽

Foreign Travel ◽

Drinking Milk ◽

Campylobacter Infection ◽

Control Study

The epidemiology of notified cases of campylobacter gastroenteritis in adults in Nottingham Health District was investigated using a case-control study with a postal questionnaire to ascertain data on risk factors. Over a 14-month period 531 cases (a 73% response rate of all laboratory confirmed cases) and 512 controls replied.Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent associations with infection. These included foreign travel (odds ratio (OR) 3·4; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2·0–5·7), diabetes mellitus (OR 4·1, CI 1·1–17), medication with omeprazole (OR 3·5, CI 1·1–12) and H2 and H2 antagonists (OR 3·7, CI 1·3–15), contact with puppies (OR11·3, CI1·2–105), eating chicken (OR 1·4, CI 1·1–1·8) and drinking milk from bottles with tops damaged by a bird (OR 3·3, CI 1·0–11). Preparing main meals (OR 0·9, CI 0·8–1·0) and drinking delivered milk (OR 0·6, CI 0·4–0·9) were associated with a reduced risk of campylobacter infection.Foreign travel was reported in 25% of cases and another 15% had significant associations with other risk factors. The majority of cases, 60%, remained unexplained, indicating the need for further evolution of sporadic cases.

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Association between CTSS gene polymorphism and the risk of acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in Chinese population: a case–control study

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20180586 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lian Luo ◽

Mingli Zhu ◽

Jiajun Zhou

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Cathepsin S ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

Objective: To investigate the association between the gene polymorphisms of rs774320676, rs768437857, rs928508030, and rs2275235 loci of Cathepsin S (CTSS) and risk of acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. Methods: A total of 315 patients with acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (study group) and 220 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled in the present study. The genetic polymorphism of rs774320676, rs768437857, rs928508030, and rs2275235 loci of CTSS of subjects was analyzed by PCR-Sanger sequencing. Results: The proportion of carriers with mutant T allele at rs774320676 locus and mutant G allele at rs928508030 locus of CTSS in study group was significantly higher than the proportion in control group (P=0.000, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.332, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.200–1.460; P<0.001, adjusted OR = 1.185, 95% CI = 1.055–1.314; P=0.002). The T allele at rs774320676 locus and the G allele at rs928508030 locus of CTSS were independent risk factors for acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (OR = 2.534, 95% CI = 1.020–4.652, P=0.006; OR = 2.016, 95% CI = 1.031–4.385, P=0.031). Conclusion: The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs774320676 and rs928508030 of CTSS gene were related with risk for acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. The T allele at rs774320676 locus and G allele at rs928508030 locus of CTSS were genetic susceptibility genes of acute atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.

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Carbapenem-ResistantKlebsiella pneumoniaein Post-Acute-Care Facilities in Israel

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1086/661279 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 845-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Debby Ben-David ◽

Samira Masarwa ◽

Shiri Navon-Venezia ◽

Hagit Mishali ◽

Ilan Fridental ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Acute Care ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Antibiotic Exposure ◽

Care Facilities ◽

History Of ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Acute Care Facilities ◽

Control Study

Objective.To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for carbapenem-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP) carriage among patients in post-acute-care facilities (PACFs) in Israel.Design, Setting, and Patients.A cross-sectional prevalence survey was conducted in 12 PACFs. Rectal swab samples were obtained from 1,144 patients in 33 wards. Risk factors for CRKP carriage were assessed among the cohort. Next, a nested, matched case-control study was conducted to define individual risk factors for colonization. Finally, the cohort of patients with a history of CRKP carriage was characterized to determine risk factors for continuous carriage.Results.The prevalence of rectal carriage of CRKP among 1,004 patients without a history of CRKP carriage was 12.0%. Independent risk factors for CRKP carriage were prolonged length of stay (odds ratio [OR], 1.001;P< .001), sharing a room with a known carrier (OR, 3.09;P= .02), and increased prevalence of known carriers on the ward (OR, 1.02;P= .013). A policy of screening for carriage on admission was protective (OR, 0.41;P= .03). Risk factors identified in the nested case-control study were antibiotic exposure during the prior 3 months (OR, 1.66;P= .03) and colonization with other resistant pathogens (OR, 1.64;P= .03). Among 140 patients with a history of CRKP carriage, 47% were colonized. Independent risk factors for continued CRKP carriage were antibiotic exposure during the prior 3 months (OR, 3.05;P= .04), receipt of amoxicillin-clavulanate (OR, 4.18;P= .007), and screening within 90 days of the first culture growing CRKP (OR, 2.9;P= .012).Conclusions.We found a large reservoir of CRKP in PACFs. Infection-control polices and antibiotic exposure were associated with patient colonization.

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Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection: an all-Ireland case-control study

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.14.07.19123-en ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

Author(s):

K Danis ◽

M Di Renzi ◽

W O’Neill ◽

B Smyth ◽

P McKeown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Attributable Fraction ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Safety Education ◽

First Case ◽

The Republic ◽

Campylobacter Infection ◽

Control Study

We report the findings of the first case-control study conducted in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland to determine risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infections. A total of 197 cases and 296 case-nominated controls matched for age, were included. Based on Population Attributable Fraction (PAF), the most important risk factors were consuming chicken [adjusted matched (am) OR 6.8; 95%CI 2.1-21.9], consuming lettuce (amOR 3.3; 95%CI 1.5-7.1) and eating in takeaways (amOR=3.1; 95%CI 1.4-6.6). Contact with sheep (amOR=11; 95%CI 1.6-78), peptic ulcer (amOR=19; 95%CI 3.8-93.7), hiatus hernia (amOR=20.3; 95%CI 2.3-183.3), lower bowel problems (amOR=4.5; 95%CI 1.2-16.8) were also independently associated with infection. Mains water supply showed protective effect (amOR=0.2; 95 CI 0.1-0.9). The findings highlight the continued need for consumer food safety education and further control measures throughout the food chain on the island of Ireland.

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Investigating the Synergistic Interaction of Diabetes, Tobacco Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Hypercholesterolemia on the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Italy

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/481019 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Giuseppe La Torre ◽

Antonella Sferrazza ◽

Maria Rosaria Gualano ◽

Chiara de Waure ◽

Gennaro Clemente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Synergistic Interaction ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Control Study

The aims of the present research are to investigate the possible predictors of pancreatic cancer, in particular smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus, in patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic carcinoma and to examine the synergism between risk factors. A case-control study (80 patients and 392 controls) was conducted at the Teaching Hospital “Agostino Gemelli” in Rome. A conditional logistic regression was used for the statistical analysis and results were presented as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We also investigated the possible interactions between risk factors and calculated the synergism index (SI). The multivariate analysis revealed that hypercholesterolemia and alcohol consumption resulted in important risk factors for pancreatic cancer even after the adjustment for all variables (OR: 5.05, 95% CI: 2.94–8.66; OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.30–3.89, resp.). Interestingly, important synergistic interactions between risk factors were found, especially between ever smoking status and alcohol consumptions (SI = 17.61) as well as alcohol consumption and diabetes (SI = 17.77). In conclusion, the study confirms that hypercholesterolemia and alcohol consumption represent significant and independent risk factors for pancreatic cancer. Moreover, there is evidence of synergistic interaction between diabetes and lifestyle factors (drinking alcohol and eating fatty foods).

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