scholarly journals Investigation into the seasonal salmonellosis in lactating dairy cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. EDRINGTON ◽  
T. T. ROSS ◽  
T. R. CALLAWAY ◽  
C. H. MARTINEZ ◽  
M. E. HUME ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Apparently Healthy

SUMMARYSporadic salmonellosis has been reported in mature lactating dairy cattle in the southwestern United States and is an intriguing problem in that Salmonella can be cultured from faecal samples of these cattle throughout the year. However, it is pathogenic only during late summer/early autumn and in certain years. We sampled apparently healthy (n=10) and diarrhoeic (n=10) cattle during an outbreak on a 2000 head dairy in 2003. The following year, monthly faecal (from the same 30 head), total mixed ration, water, and pen soil samples were collected for Salmonella culture. No serogroup, serotype, genetic, or antimicrobial susceptibility differences were observed in comparison of isolates from healthy and sick cattle. During year 2 of the study, Salmonella was routinely cultured (although highly variable from month to month) from the cattle and the environment, although no outbreak of salmonellosis was observed.

Identification and genetic characterisation of Giardia and Cryptosporidium strains in humans and dairy cattle in the Waikato Region of New Zealand

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Learmonth ◽  
G. Ionas ◽  
A.B. Pita ◽  
R.S. Cowie
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum are commonly acquired waterborne parasites but little is known about their transmission cycles with regard to humans and animals. Faecal samples were collected over two time periods within the Waikato region of New Zealand from dairy cattle and humans and all positive isolates were genotyped. Of the 724 faecal specimens examined (354 cows, 304 calves and 66 humans), 16 cows, 32 calves and 5 humans were positive for G. intestinalis. Phylogenetic group 1 was found in 26 G. intestinalis positive dairy cattle with 22 being group 2. One G. intestinalis positive human isolate was group 1 and four were group 2. Of the 724 faecal specimens examined two cows, 33 calves and 66 human specimens were positive for C. parvum. All 35 C. parvum positive dairy cattle exhibited the bovine genotype while the 66 positive humans showed a seasonal shift in the prevalent genotype with the bovine dominating the spring (100%) and the human dominating the late summer period (96%).

Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella on Commercial Dairies Utilizing a Single Heifer Raising Facility†

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOM S. EDRINGTON ◽  
TODD R. CALLAWAY ◽  
ROBIN C. ANDERSON ◽  
DAVID J. NISBET
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Lactating Cows

The objectives of the current research were twofold: (i) to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella in the various classes of dairy cattle and (ii) to determine if comingling of calves from multiple farms at a heifer feedlot serves as a transmission vector for Salmonella back to the dairy farm. Four large commercial dairies in the southwestern United States were sampled in October 2005 and again in March 2006. Fecal samples were collected from hutch calves, 12-and 24-month-old heifers, lactating cows, dry cows, and cattle in the sick-fresh pen and cultured with brilliant green agar supplemented with novobiocin (BGAnov) to estimate the overall Salmonella prevalence, or with tetracycline (BGAtet) to estimate MDR Salmonella. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with the National Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) testing panel, and a portion of the isolates were serotyped. Salmonella prevalence among groups ranged from 0 to 96% positive, with the highest incidence observed in the hutch calves and cattle in the sick-fresh pen. Twenty-eight different serotypes were identified with serotype Reading accounting for the majority of isolates cultured on BGAtet. Nearly all (100 of 103) isolates cultured on BGAnov and screened for antibiotic resistance were pan susceptible, whereas over one-half (64%) of the isolates cultured on BGAtet were MDR. Forty isolates displayed the ACSSuT resistance pattern, and 36 isolates displayed the MDR-AmpC pattern of the 72 isolates examined following culture on BGAtet. The incidence of Salmonella cultured on BGAtet was low (9%) in all heifers and only one MDR isolate was cultured (from a 12-month-old heifer), suggesting the risk of transmission of Salmonella from the heifer feedlot back to the dairy is low. Results of this research suggest the incidence of MDR Salmonella, found primarily in hutch calves and cattle in the sick-fresh pen, is low in comparison to the overall Salmonella prevalence.

Coccomyces leptideus. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtillus ◽  
Gaultheria Shallon ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract A description is provided for Coccomyces leptideus. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gaultheria shallon (twig), Rhododendron macrophyllum (twig), Vaccinium myrtillus (stem, twig), V. vitis-idaea (leaf, twig), Vaccinium sp. (stem, twig). Most records are from V. myrtillus. On Vaccinium species the fungus tends to be (and is most easily) found more often on taller bushes, but can also occur in arctic-alpine conditions on extremely low bushes. DISEASE: Like several other members of the Rhytismataceae on the Ericaceae, e.g. Lophodermium vagulum (IMI Description 789) and Terriera cladophila (IMI Description 1296), Coccomyces leptideus colonizes living twigs and ascomata may be found on pale subapical regions of dead bark on these twigs, while distal parts remain apparently healthy. Coccomyces leptideus is also found on recently killed twigs, though it is not clear it the fungus is responsible for their death. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Austria, Estonia, Finland, France, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Russia (Caucasus), Sweden, Switzerland, UK (Scotland, Wales), Ukraine, USA (Oregon, Washington). Altitude records exist up to 1900m (France), 1850m (Ukraine), 1070m (Scotland) and 870m (Norway). For further comment on the distribution of this species, see IMI Description 1296 (Terriera cladophila). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid conditions. In the temperate northern hemisphere, ascocarps probably mostly open in late summer and early autumn.

scholarly journals Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate and Magnesium Oxide in an Alfalfa-Based Total Mixed Ration Fed to Early Lactating Dairy Cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Arambel ◽  
R.D. Wiedmeier ◽  
D.H. Clark ◽  
R.C. Lamb ◽  
R.L. Boman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

scholarly journals A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT ESCHERICHIA COLI NON-0157 ISOLATED FROM CATTLE IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Musa ◽  
H. M. Kazeem ◽  
M. A. Raji ◽  
N. M. Useh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Apparently Healthy

A total of two hundred and forty (240) faecal samples were obtained from apparently healthy (233) and diarrhoeic (7) cattle in 8 randomly selected commercial farms in Kaduna State, Nigeria.  Presumptive E. coli colonies from 76 (31.2 %) faecal samples were confirmed based on standard procedure. Characterization of isolates revealed three heterogeneous serogroups (O111, O118 and O126) from 6 apparently healthy cattle, while no E. coli serogroup was isolated from diarrhoeic cattle. Six (6) non-O157 serogroups obtained from cattle faeces were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that isolates from cattle faeces were 100 % resistant to nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin and cefuroxime, and 100 % sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. The study confirmed cattle as important source of antibiotic-resistant enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Kaduna state, Nigeria.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15647

Current attitudes of veterinarians and producers regarding the use of local and systemic analgesia in beef and dairy cattle in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. S. Johnstone ◽  
Johann F. Coetzee ◽  
Pablo J. Pinedo ◽  
Lily Edwards-Callaway
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
The United States
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