Intestinal parasitism and Vibrio cholerae infection among diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata, India

SUMMARYIn this study, we have analysed the epidemiological significance of the concurrent infections caused by Vibrio cholerae and intestinal parasites among different age groups of hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata. A total of 3556 stool samples collected during 1996–2004 were screened for vibrios and parasites. The seasonality of V. cholerae and parasitic infections were studied in detail. The detection rates for Ascaris lumbricoides and Giardia lamblia infection were more than for the hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Entamoeba histolytica. V. cholerae O1 was identified as the predominant serogroup among diarrhoeal patients. The highest rates for V. cholerae infection were in the 2–5 years age group and combined infection of V. cholerae and parasites was recorded among children aged between 2 and 10 years.

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Parasitic infections in Swiss children: Are we overtesting?

BMC Gastroenterology ◽

10.1186/s12876-021-01619-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Corinne Légeret ◽

Céline Rüttimann ◽

Hans Fankhauser ◽

Henrik Köhler

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Positive Result ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

International Travel ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Stool Specimens

Abstract Background A wide variation of causes can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms in children- an infection with parasites is one of them. The expansion of international travel might lead to an increase in testing children for a correspondent infection. Currently there are no guidelines available, which patients should be tested for a possible parasitical infection. The aim of the study was to characterize Swiss children suffering from intestinal parasites, in order to provide more knowledge for the clinician who should be tested. Methods This is a retrospective study of Swiss pediatric patients, whose stools have been tested for parasites and helminths. Results A total of 1855 stool samples, belonging to 572 different children with an average age of 7.9 years, were tested within a 10-year period. The prevalence of a positive result was 4.2%, of which all were positive for Blastocystis, and 12.5% had a co-infection with Endolimax nana. Conclusion Immigrants, immune compromised children with diarrhea and pediatric patients with bloody or protracted diarrhea should have 2 different stool specimens examined for a possible parasitical infection.

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Prevalence and Correlates of Intestinal Parasites among Patients Admitted to Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2017/5651717 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Azan A. Nyundo ◽

David Z. Munisi ◽

Ainory P. Gesase

Keyword(s):

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infection ◽

Psychiatric Facility ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stool Samples

Background. Neglected tropical diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Psychiatric patients are among groups at risk for parasitic infection although control and monitoring programs largely overlook this population. This study aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among patients admitted to a psychiatric facility.Method. The study followed cross-sectional design; all the residing patients that met the inclusion criteria were included in the survey. Stool samples were collected and examined by direct wet preparation and formol-ether concentration. Data were analyzed with STATA version 12.1; Chi-square test was computed to determine the level of significance atpvalue < 0.05.Results.Of all 233 patients who returned the stool samples, 29 (12.45%) screened were positive for an intestinal parasite. There was no significant association between parasite carriage and age, sex, or duration of hospital stay.Conclusion. The study shows that intestinal parasitic infection is common among patients in a psychiatric facility and highlights that parasitic infections that enter through skin penetration may be a more common mode of transmission than the oral route. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for surveillance and intervention programs to control and manage these infections.

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A coprological survey of gastro-intestinal parasites of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Kurigram district of Bangladesh

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8752 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 103-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

MAA Mamun ◽

N Begum ◽

MMH Mondal

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Age Groups ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Water Buffaloes ◽

Toxocara Vitulorum ◽

Coprological Examination ◽

Males And Females ◽

Paramphistomum Cervi

Epidemiology of gastro-intestinal parasites of water buffaloes was investigated in Kurigram district of Bangladesh between November 2007 and October 2008 through coprological examination. A total of 236 water buffaloes were examined, among them 144 (61.02%) buffaloes were found infected with one or more species of gastro-intestinal parasites. Nine species of gastro-intestinal parasites were identified, of them four species were trematodes, namely, Paramphistomum cervi (29.24%), Fasciola gigantica (22.46%), Schistosoma indicum (1.27%), Schistosoma spindale (0.85%); three species were nematodes, namely, Toxocara vitulorum (2.54%), Strongyles (0.85%), Strongyloides sp. (0.42%) and two species were protozoa, namely, Eimeria sp. (3.39%) and Balantidium coli (37.29%). No cestode was detected. Among the gastro-intestinal parasites mixed infection was common. In this investigation, prevalence of parasites in relation to age, sex and seasonal dynamics was also studied. Significantly (p<0.01) higher prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites was observed in rainy season followed by summer and winter seasons. Males and females were almost equally (odd ratio 1.08) susceptible to gastro-intestinal parasitic infection. In the age groups, young (< 2 to 5 years) were mostly (p<0.01) susceptible to gastro-intestinal parasites. In the present study, EPG (Egg/cyst Per Gram of Feces) was also determined. The range of EPG varied from 100-5000 among the identified parasites. The results of the present investigation revealed that the prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasites in buffaloes is very common and quite severe. It is imperative that integrated strategies and measures be taken to control gastrointestinal parasitic infections in buffaloes in kurigram district and elsewhere in Bangladesh. Keywords: Buffalo; Gastro-intestinal parasites; Kurigram district DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i1.8752 JBAU 2011; 9(1): 103-109

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among the Patients Visiting Sub-Regional Hospital, Dadeldhura, Nepal

Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/hijost.v5i01.42145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (01) ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

Madhav Raj Sharma ◽

Sohan Jha ◽

Pawan Jha ◽

Prashant Dahal

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Tap Water ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Regional Hospital ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Intestinal Protozoan ◽

Management Actions ◽

Protozoan Infection

Intestinal parasitic infections caused by intestinal helminthes and protozoa are the most common human infections endemic throughout the world especially in tropical and subtropical countries including Nepal. This study was conducted to study the prevalence of intestinal parasites among patients visiting Sub-Regional Hospital, Dadeldhura, Nepal. Altogether 480 stool samples were collected from April 2017- October 2017. Microscopic examination of stool was done by using formal-ether concentration technique in the Microbiology Laboratory of Sub-Regional Hospital, Dadeldhura Nepal. The overall prevalence rate was found to be 10.625%. The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher in males (52.94%) than in females (47.06%). In the age group below 15 years, the prevalence was found to be higher (52.94 %) than other age groups. Total 6 species of intestinal parasites; 2 (33.33%) were protozoan parasites viz. cysts and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia, and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica, and 4 (66.67%) were helminths viz. ova of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria, Hymenolepis nana, and Ancylostoma duodenale. The infection rate was found to be higher in people taking normal tap water. The study concluded that intestinal protozoan infection is still a public health problem of concern among the people of Dadeldhura. The prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection was found to be high in children and low educated groups in Dadeldhura. Thus, health education along with infection management actions and awareness programs for sanitation improvements are required to reduce protozoan infections.

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Cryptosporidium infection in school children in Dhanusha district, Nepal

Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9268 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 40-45

Author(s):

Nagendra Prasad Yadav ◽

DK Sah ◽

S Manadhar ◽

JK Singh

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Age Groups ◽

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

Medical College ◽

Watery Stool ◽

Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Handling Practices ◽

Water Borne

Background and Objectives: Gastro-intestinal water-borne infections are among the most emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases throughout the world. Most water-borne diseases are caused by organism ranging from microscopic viruses of less than 30 nm in diameter to parasites of 10cm in length culminate into diarrhea and cause approximately 5million reported deaths annually. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites, Cryptosporidium parvum among school children. Material and Methods: The study was carried out between Februry to July 2012. Cases of diarrhea reported in 23 students were linked to water handling practices. A total 500 of child of age less than 15 years old was included in the study. A total five hundred soft, loose or watery stool specimens collected from student of less than fifteen years from different school in Janakpur. The sample was collected randomly from randomly selected five schools. The collected stool samples were screened for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. A modified Ziehl Neelsen with DMSO staining method was used for detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts in the stool samples. Results: The oocysts of Cryptosporidium were identified in 64 (6.8%) of the samples, while 242 samples (13%) showed mixed infections. Children aged between 3 and 10 years were mostly infected by this parasite, while infection was more prevalent in females than in males for all the age groups. Conclusion: The study suggests that Cryptosporidium is one of the important intestinal parasites of children as etiologic agents of diarrhea in immune-compromised population. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (2): 40-45 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i2.9268

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Development of Conventional Multiplex PCR: A Rapid Technique for Simultaneous Detection of Soil-Transmitted Helminths

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens8030152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 152 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vivornpun Sanprasert ◽

Ruthairat Kerdkaew ◽

Siriporn Srirungruang ◽

Sarit Charuchaibovorn ◽

Kobpat Phadungsaksawasdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Multiple Infections ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽

Stool Samples

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are the most common intestinal parasites infecting humans worldwide. STH infections are a major cause of morbidity and disability. Accurate diagnostic tools are pivotal for assessing the exact prevalence of parasitic infections. Microscopic examination and culture techniques have been used to observe the presence of eggs or larvae of parasites in stool samples, but they are time-consuming and have low sensitivity. Therefore, accurate, simple, and inexpensive diagnostic techniques are still required for simultaneous detection of STH infections. Although molecular-based techniques, such as real-time PCR and multiplex real-time PCR, have been developed, they are not suitable for routine diagnosis due to the requirement for expensive reagents and instruments. In this study, we established a conventional multiplex PCR for simultaneous rapid detection of Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, and Strongyloides stercoralis in stool samples. Our results show that the multiplex PCR could detect the DNA of STHs at a very low target gene concentrations (lower than 1 pg) with no cross-amplification. Multiplex PCR had five times higher sensitivity than the formalin–ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT) in the detection of multiple infections, and two times higher for detection of S. stercoralis. However, multiplex PCR was comparable to FECT in the detection of A. lumbricoides and N. americanus. In conclusion, this method could be used as an alternative method for the detection of STHs, especially for S. stercoralis.

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Parasitic infections detected by FLOTAC in zoo mammals from Warsaw, Poland

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.2478/s11686-014-0249-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gianpaolo Maesano ◽

Michele Capasso ◽

Davide Ianniello ◽

Giuseppe Cringoli ◽

Laura Rinaldi

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Multiple Infections ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Zoological Garden ◽

Toxocara Cati ◽

Enterobius Vermicularis ◽

Control Programs ◽

Eimeria Spp ◽

Intestinal Parasitism ◽

Specific Control

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of intestinal parasites in groups of mammals kept in the Warsaw zoological garden (Poland). 71 pools of fecal samples were analyzed using the FLOTAC techniques. 48% of animals were positive and 47% of positivities showed multiple infections. Toxocara cati (71.4%) was found in felines; marsupials were infected with Coccidia (90%). Giardia spp. (24.0%), Blastocystis spp. (12.3%), Iodamoeba spp. (10.0%), Enterobius vermicularis (6.0%) and Entamoeba coli (3.3%) were found in primates. Gastrointestinal strongyles (60.5%) were prevalent in ruminants which resulted positive also to Coccidia (Eimeria spp. = 50.0%), Trichuris spp. (25.0%) and Nematodirus (14.0%). Strongyles (34.0%) were the most frequent parasites in monogastric herbivores, followed by Parascaris equorum (17.0%). None of the animals showed any symptom associated with gastrointestinal parasitic infections. According to our results the need to prevent, diagnose, control, and treat intestinal parasitism trough specific control programs is mandatory for animal welfare in order to limit the spread of parasitic infections in animals and humans.

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Prevalence of Giardia intestinalis Infection in Schistosomiasis-Endemic Areas in South-Central Mali

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed4020086 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hassan K.M. Fofana ◽

Maren Schwarzkopf ◽

Mama N. Doumbia ◽

Rénion Saye ◽

Anna Nimmesgern ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Giardia Intestinalis ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Intestinal Protozoa ◽

Control Programs ◽

South Central ◽

Concurrent Infections ◽

Intestinal Pathogens ◽

Stool Samples

Intestinal parasite infections are frequent causes of diarrhea and malnutrition among children in the tropics. Transmission of helminths and intestinal protozoa is intimately connected with conditions of poverty, including inadequate sanitation and hygiene. Concurrent infections with several intestinal pathogens may lead to excess morbidity. Yet, there is a paucity of epidemiological data from Mali. In this study, stool samples from 56 individuals, aged 2–63 years, from Bamako and Niono, south-central Mali were examined for intestinal parasites using stool microscopy. Additionally, stool samples were subjected to a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis. The predominant pathogens were Schistosoma mansoni and G. intestinalis with prevalences of 41% and 38%, respectively. Hymenolepis nana was detected in 4% of the participants, while no eggs of soil-transmitted helminths were found. Concurrent infections with G. intestinalis and S. mansoni were diagnosed in 16% of the participants. For the detection of G. intestinalis, PCR was more sensitive (100%) than RDT (62%) and microscopy (48%). As helminth-protozoa coinfections might have important implications for morbidity control programs, future studies should employ diagnostic tools beyond stool microscopy to accurately assess the co-endemicity of giardiasis and schistosomiasis.

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Thick Stool Smear Wet Mount Examination: A New Approach in Stool Microscopy

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1177/004947550303300320 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 173-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Subhash Chandra Parija ◽

Sanjay Bhattacharya ◽

Prasant Padhan

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

New Approach ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Wet Mount ◽

Cotton Blue ◽

Novel Method ◽

Stool Samples ◽

The Difference

Microscopic examination of a wet mount of the stool has been the standard practice for the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. Here we describe a novel method of stool microscopy of 80 stool samples, 31 (38.75%) were positive by the new thick stool smear wet mount method, whereas the corresponding figure for the conventional method using lacto-phenol cotton blue was 16 (20%). The difference was found to be statistically significant ( P<0.04 by McNemar's test). The thick stool smear wet mount procedure promises to be superior to the direct wet mount method in the detection of the intestinal parasites.

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Evaluation of intestinal parasites in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria in a territory hospital in Turkey

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.11552 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 927-932

Author(s):

Sedat Vezir ◽

Filiz Kaya ◽

Emine Vezir ◽

Nermin Karaosmanoğlu ◽

Ali Kudret Adiloğlu

Keyword(s):

Patient Group ◽

Chronic Urticaria ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Giardia Duodenalis ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Blastocystis Sp ◽

Stool Samples

Introduction: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) which develops without a known stimulation is defined as the occurrence of spontaneous wheals, angioedema or both for longer than six weeks. Infections, autoimmunity, food intolerance and internal parasitic infections are supposed to be underlying causes of CSU. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal parasites in children and adult patients diagnosed as CSU, to determine the frequency of parasites in chronic urticaria, and to compare these patients with healthy demographic control groups. Methodology: Seventy six children and 38 adult patients with CSU were examined in terms of parasitic infections. The patients whom parasites were detected received anti-parasitic therapy and the improvements in CSU symptoms were evaluated. Stool samples were examined with direct microscopic examination (native-lugol), stool concentration and trichrome staining methods. Results: In pediatric patient group, 18.4% (n = 14) of the stool samples were positive for Blastocystis sp., 2.6% (n = 2), Dientamoeba fragilis and 1.3% (n = 1), Giardia duodenalis. In adult patient group, Blastocystis sp. was detected in 18.4% (n = 7) of the stool samples. Anti-parasitic therapy yielded substantial improvement in urticaria symptoms in 57.1% of pediatric and 60.0% of adult patients. Conclusions: Blastocystis sp. and D. fragilis may play a role in chronic urticaria which seriously disrupts the patient's quality of life. Parasitic infections should not be neglected in patients with cutaneous manifestations.

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