Burden of acute gastrointestinal illness in the Metropolitan region, Chile, 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. THOMAS ◽  
E. PEREZ ◽  
S. E. MAJOWICZ ◽  
R. REID-SMITH ◽  
A. OLEA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Recall Period ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Average Response Rate ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Illness Study

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude and distribution of acute gastrointestinal illness (GI) in the Chilean population, describe its burden and presentation, identify risk factors associated with GI and assess the differences between a 7-day, 15-day and a 30-day recall period in the population-based burden of illness study design. Face-to-face surveys were conducted on 6047 randomly selected residents in the Metropolitan region, Chile (average response rate 75·8%) in 2008. The age-adjusted monthly prevalence of GI was 9·2%. The 7-day recall period provided annual incidence rate estimates about 2·2 times those of the 30-day recall period. Age, occupation, healthcare system, sewer system, antibiotic use and cat ownership were all found to be significant predictors for being a case. This study expands on the discussion of recall bias in retrospective population studies and reports the first population-based burden and distribution of GI estimates in Chile.

Population-based estimate of the burden of acute gastrointestinal illness in Jiangsu province, China, 2010–2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 944-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. ZHOU ◽  
Y. DAI ◽  
B. J. YUAN ◽  
S. Q. ZHEN ◽  
Z. TANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Sentinel Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Gender Education

SUMMARYTo determine the burden and distribution of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) in the population, a cross-sectional, monthly face-to-face survey of 10 959 residents was conducted in Jiangsu province between July 2010 and June 2011. The adjusted monthly prevalence was 4·7% with 0·63 AGI episodes/person per year. The prevalence was the highest in children aged <5 years and lowest in persons aged ⩾65 years. A bimodal seasonal distribution was observed with peaks in summer and winter. Regional difference of AGI prevalence was substantial [lowest 0·5% in Taicang, highest 15·1% in Xinqu (Wuxi prefecture)]. Healthcare was sought by 38·4% of the ill respondents. The use of antibiotics was reported by 65·2% of the ill respondents and 38·9% took antidiarrhoeals. In the multivariable model, gender, education, season, sentinel site and travel were significant risk factors of being a case of AGI. These results highlight the substantial burden of AGI and the risk factors associated with AGI in Jiangsu province, China.

scholarly journals Burden of self-reported acute gastrointestinal illness in China: a population-based survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Wei-Xing Yan ◽  
Yi-Jing Zhou ◽  
Shi-Qi Zhen ◽  
Rong-Hua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Population Based Survey

scholarly journals Acute gastrointestinal illness in adults in Germany: a population-based telephone survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 2365-2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. WILKING ◽  
H. SPITZNAGEL ◽  
D. WERBER ◽  
C. LANGE ◽  
A. JANSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Hospital Days

SUMMARYPopulation-based estimates of incidence and risk factors for acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) are important for infectious disease surveillance and healthcare planning. We conducted a nationwide representative cross-sectional telephone survey of 21 262 adults over a 12-month period during 2008–2009 in Germany. Participants were asked if they had either AGI-related diarrhoea or vomiting in a 4-week recall period. We estimated 0·95 episodes/person per year (95% confidence interval 0·90–0·99), corresponding to 64·9 million episodes of AGI annually in adults, which results in 24·5 million outpatient visits, 19·9 million hospital days and 63·2 million days of work lost. We observed an overall declining trend of AGI with increasing age. Diarrhoea was more often reported than vomiting. The mean duration of illness was 3·8 days and did not differ between age groups. Social factors seemed to be weak predictors compared to state of health and health behaviour characteristics. This study allows international comparisons and contributes to the estimation of the global burden of AGI.

scholarly journals The Incidence of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness in Canada, Foodbook Survey 2014-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kate Thomas ◽  
Regan Murray ◽  
Andrea Nesbitt ◽  
Frank Pollari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Important Public Health Issue

Acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) is an important public health issue, with many pathogen sources and modes of transmission. A one-year telephone survey was conducted in Canada (2014-2015) to estimate the incidence of self-reported AGI in the previous 28 days and to describe health care seeking behaviour, using a symptom-based case definition. Excluding cases with respiratory symptoms, it is estimated that there are 0.57 self-reported AGI episodes per person-year, almost 19.5 million episodes in Canada each year. The proportion of cases seeking medical care was nearly 9%, of which 17% reported being requested to submit a sample for laboratory testing, and 49% of those requested complied and provided a sample. Results can be used to inform burden of illness and source attribution studies and indicate that AGI continues to be an important public health issue in Canada.

scholarly journals Quantifying the incidence and cost of acute gastrointestinal illness in Sweden, 2013–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (13) ◽  
pp. 2831-2839 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. EDELSTEIN ◽  
H. MERK ◽  
C. DEOGAN ◽  
A. CARNAHAN ◽  
A. WALLENSTEN
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Direct Healthcare Costs

SUMMARYIn Sweden, acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) incidence, severity, impact on productivity, related healthcare usage and associated costs are not ascertained. We measured these in 2013–2014 using a population-based cohort reporting weekly. We defined AGI as ⩾3 episodes of loose stools or vomiting/24 h; or loose stools or vomiting with ⩾2 other gastrointestinal symptoms. After each AGI episode, we collected information about perceived severity, healthcare use and absenteeism. We calculated incidence rates, AGI absenteeism and costs comprising direct healthcare costs and productivity loss due to work/school absenteeism. A total of 3241 participants reported 1696 AGI episodes [incidence 360/1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval (CI) 326–395; highest in the <5 years age group]. In the <5 years age group, 31% of episodes were perceived as mild, 61% as moderate and 8% as severe; 9·4% led to primary-care consultations, and 1·4% to hospital admissions. In the ⩾5 years age group, 18% of episodes were perceived as mild, 64% as moderate and 18% as severe; 6·4% led to primary-care consultations, and 1·9% to hospital admissions. AGI caused 8 891 000 days of absenteeism (95% CI 6 009 000–12 780 000). AGI cost €1 005 885 000 (95% CI 754 309 000–1 257 195 000) nationally for the year. In Sweden, a minority of cases perceive AGI as a mild illness. AGI is a burden on the healthcare system and causes productivity loss, with high costs. Countries may consider these estimates when prioritizing health interventions.

Acute gastrointestinal illness in two Inuit communities: burden of illness in Rigolet and Iqaluit, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (14) ◽  
pp. 3048-3063 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. HARPER ◽  
V. L. EDGE ◽  
J. FORD ◽  
M. K. THOMAS ◽  
D. L. PEARL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Homeless Person ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness

SummaryFood- and waterborne disease is thought to be high in some Canadian Indigenous communities; however, the burden of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) is not well understood due to limited availability and quality of surveillance data. This study estimated the burden of community-level self-reported AGI in the Inuit communities of Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, and Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada. Cross-sectional retrospective surveys captured information on AGI and potential environmental risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression models identified potential AGI risk factors. The annual incidence of AGI ranged from 2·9–3·9 cases/person per year in Rigolet and Iqaluit. In Rigolet, increased spending on obtaining country foods, a homeless person in the house, not visiting a cabin recently, exposure to puppies, and alternative sources of drinking water were associated with increased odds of AGI. In Iqaluit, eating country fish often, exposure to cats, employment status of the person responsible for food preparation, not washing the countertop with soap after preparing meat, a homeless person in the house, and overcrowding were associated with increased odds of AGI. The results highlight the need for systematic data collection to better understand and support previously anecdotal indications of high AGI incidence, as well as insights into unique AGI environmental risk factors in Indigenous populations.

Burden of acute gastrointestinal illness in Denmark 2009: a population-based telephone survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MÜLLER ◽  
H. KORSGAARD ◽  
S. ETHELBERG
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acute Gastrointestinal Illness ◽  
Definition Of

SUMMARYA cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted in Denmark throughout 2009 to determine the incidence of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI). Using the Danish population register, a random population sample stratified by gender and age groups was selected and mobile or landline phone numbers found. Representative numbers of interviews were performed by gender, age group and month. A recently proposed international case definition of AGI, including cases with diarrhoea and/or vomiting in a 4-week recall period, was used. A total of 1853 individuals were included and 206 (11·1%) fulfilled the case definition; 78% reported diarrhoea. This corresponds to an overall standardized incidence rate of 1·4 (95% CI 1·2–1·6) episodes of AGI per person-year. The incidence rate was generally higher in the younger age groups; only being 2·3, 1·9 and 0·80 per person-year in the 0–9, 10–39 and ⩾40 years age groups, respectively. The incidence rate estimates were considerably higher when calculated from shorter recall periods.

scholarly journals Sex disparities in cardiovascular health metrics among rural-dwelling older adults in China: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Han ◽  
Ziying Jiang ◽  
Yuanjing Li ◽  
Yongxiang Wang ◽  
Yajun Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Sex Disparities

Abstract Background Cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics among Chinese older adults are poorly understood. We investigated sex disparities in CVH metrics and their management among rural-dwelling older adults in China. Methods This community-based study included 5026 participants (age ≥ 65 years; 57.2% women) in the baseline survey of a multimodal intervention study in rural China. In March–September 2018, data were collected through face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory tests. We defined six CVH metrics (three behavioral factors—smoking, body mass index, and physical activity; three biological factors—blood pressure, total cholesterol, and blood glucose) following the modified American Heart Association’s recommendations. We performed descriptive analysis separately for men and women. Results Of all participants, only 0.8% achieved ideal levels in all six CVH metrics. Men were more likely than women to have ideal levels in all CVH metrics but smoking. Women had higher prevalence of ideal global (9.7% vs. 7.8%) and behavioral (18.3% vs. 9.5%) CVH metrics (p < 0.001), whereas men had higher prevalence of ideal biological CVH metrics (5.4% vs. 3.5%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of ideal global and behavioral CVH metrics increased with age in both women and men (p for trend< 0.001). Women were more likely to be aware of their hypertension and diabetes, and to receive antihypertensive treatment, while men were more likely to achieve the goal of high cholesterol treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusions The CVH metrics among older adults living in the rural communities in China are characterized by an extremely low proportion of optimal global CVH metrics and distinct sex differences, alongside poor management of major biological risk factors. Trial registration ChiCTR1800017758 (Aug 13, 2018).

scholarly journals Digital Education on Prudent Antibiotic Use—Evaluation of a Massive Open Online Course for General Practitioners in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s192-s193
Author(s):  
Florian Salm ◽  
Tobias Kramer ◽  
Cornelius Remschmidt ◽  
Petra Gastmeier ◽  
Sandra Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Massive Open Online ◽  
Questionnaire Response ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Massive Open Online Course ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health problem predominantly driven by overuse of antibiotics. In humans, most antibiotics are used outside the hospital. Overprescribing for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is common despite clear guidelines. The need for further training of general practitioners is well known. Objective: To develop and evaluate a massive open online course (MOOC) on antibiotic therapy of common infectious diseases in general practice. Methods: A 4-week MOOC was developed on the basis of previous face-to-face trainings (platform, Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering) and was conducted 3 times between July 10, 2017, and May 31, 2019. The course was promoted through various general practitioner (GP) networks, local multipliers, and conferences and in the local trade press. In addition to epidemiological background information, the focus was on guideline-based diagnostics and treatment of ARI, side effects of antibiotics, correct drug selection, dosage and duration of indicated antibiotic therapy, as well as aspects of doctor–patient communication. Content included videos, self-tests, additional written material, and an optional exam. At the end of the course, participants were asked to complete a voluntary, anonymous online assessment questionnaire (LimeSurveyPro software). Usage data from the MOOC platform and data from the questionnaire were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistical software. Results: In total, 2,177 registered persons retrieved content (= learners). The proportion of learners dropped from 99.6% in week 1 to 40.7% in week 4. However, among those attending week 4, the average proportion of content used was still high (74.5%). Furthermore, 27.5% of learners completed the course, 23.8% took the exam, and 19.7% passed the exam. Moreover, 284 learners answered the assessment questionnaire (response rate, 13.0%); 62.3% were women, and the mean age was 45.9 years. Also, 225 participants (79.2%) stated that they were physicians; 122 of these worked as general practitioners (54.2% of physicians). Among the other physicians, 23% stated were in specialist training and 15.6% had a different specialist designation. The average overall rating of the course was 1.31 (1 = very good to 6 = not sufficient). General practitioners rated it slightly better than other physicians (1.23 vs 1.41). The clinical relevance was rated at 1.27 (GPs vs other physicians, 1.18 vs 1.35). For all scores, see Table 1. Conclusions: A massive open online course appears to be an appropriate format in which to deliver clinical relevant content concerning prudent antibiotic use in the outpatient setting. It is a good complement to existing face-to-face formats and helps to cover needs related to antibiotic training.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Systemic Antibiotics and Obesity: Analyses from a Population-Based Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2601
Author(s):  
So Young Park ◽  
Morena Ustulin ◽  
SangHyun Park ◽  
Kyung-Do Han ◽  
Joo Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Korean Adult ◽  
Korean National Health Insurance ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Systemic Antibiotics

Background: In this study, we analyzed the association between antibiotic use and obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) in a Korean adult population. Methods: Subjects using the Korean National Health Insurance Service sample cohort were retrospectively analyzed in 2015. The differences in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) status were compared and analyzed according to duration of systemic antibiotic treatment in the previous 10 years (non-users, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd tertile). Results: Subjects who used systemic antibiotics for longer periods were older, satisfied more criteria for MS, and had more comorbidities than non-users (non-users vs. 3rd tertile, p < 0.0001 for all). After adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of obesity was higher in subjects who used systemic antibiotics for longer periods than in non-users (non-users vs. 3rd tertile, OR (odds ratio) (95% CI (confidence interval)); 1.20 (1.12–1.38)). The criteria for MS were more satisfied in the 3rd tertile than in non-users. A higher obesity risk was also found in subjects treated with antibiotics targeting Gram-negative organisms than in those targeting Gram-positive organisms. Conclusion: The risk of obesity was higher in subjects who took systemic antibiotics more frequently. The risk was more prominent when they took antibiotics targeting Gram-negative bacteria.

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