scholarly journals Norovirus outbreaks: a systematic review of commonly implicated transmission routes and vehicles

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
pp. 1563-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. BITLER ◽  
J. E. MATTHEWS ◽  
B. W. DICKEY ◽  
J. N. S. EISENBERG ◽  
J. S. LEON
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Strain Distribution ◽  
Regulatory Action ◽  
Recreational Water ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Great Public Health

SUMMARYCausal mechanisms of norovirus outbreaks are often not revealed. Understanding the transmission route (e.g. foodborne, waterborne, or environmental) and vehicle (e.g. shellfish or recreational water) of a norovirus outbreak, however, is of great public health importance; this information can facilitate interventions for an ongoing outbreak and regulatory action to limit future outbreaks. Towards this goal, we conducted a systematic review to examine whether published outbreak information was associated with the implicated transmission route or vehicle. Genogroup distribution was associated with transmission route and food vehicle, but attack rate and the presence of GII.4 strain were not associated with transmission route, food vehicle, or water vehicle. Attack rate, genogroup distribution, and GII.4 strain distribution also varied by other outbreak characteristics (e.g. setting, season, hemisphere). These relationships suggest that different genogroups exploit different environmental conditions and thereby can be used to predict the likelihood of various transmission routes or vehicles.

scholarly journals The Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project: a series of systematic reviews on diet and health

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 685S-697S ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve E Stoody ◽  
Joanne M Spahn ◽  
Kellie O Casavale
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Review Team ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

ABSTRACTNutrition exposures during the earliest stages of life are integral to growth and development and may continue to affect health through adulthood. The purpose of the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months (P/B-24) Project was to conduct a series of systematic reviews on diet and health for women who are pregnant and for infants and toddlers from birth to 24 mo of age. The P/B-24 Project was a joint initiative led by the USDA and the US Department of Health and Human Services. The USDA's Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, previously known as the Nutrition Evidence Library, carried out the series of systematic reviews in collaboration with programmatic and scientific experts. Systematic review questions were prioritized based on federal policy, program, or guidance needs, potential to support the development of healthy dietary intake, and public health importance. Systematic reviews were conducted on specific topics related to dietary intake before and during pregnancy, infant milk feeding practices, complementary feeding, flavor exposures, and infant/toddler feeding practices. Across the reviews, relationships were observed between P/B-24 diet exposures and a variety of outcomes of public health importance. Evidence showed links between dietary intake before and during pregnancy, during the period of human milk or infant formula feeding, and through introduction of complementary foods and beverages and health outcomes. Additionally, the reviews on flavor exposure and infant/toddler feeding practices highlight the importance of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation and caregiver feeding strategies and practices. Systematic reviews are an important tool to inform our understanding of the body of evidence related to diet and health, and scientists can use the P/B-24 Project reviews to continue to advance research in these areas.

scholarly journals Rodent-Related Zoonotic Pathogens at the Human–Animal–Environment Interface in Qatar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5928
Author(s):  
Md Mazharul Islam ◽  
Elmoubashar Farag ◽  
Ahmad Mahmoudi ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan ◽  
Ehsan Mostafavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Human Animal

Rodents are one of the most diversified terrestrial mammals, and they perform several beneficial activities in nature. These animals are also important as carriers of many pathogens with public health importance. The current systematic review was conducted to formulate a true depiction of rodent-related zoonoses in Qatar. Following systematic searches on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science and a screening process, a total of 94 published articles were selected and studied. The studied articles reported 23 rodent-related zoonotic pathogens that include nine bacterial, eleven parasitic, and three viral pathogens, from which the frequently reported pathogens were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (32 reports), Escherichia coli (23), and Salmonella spp. (16). The possible pathway of entry of the rodent-borne pathogens can be the land port, seaports, and airport of Qatar through carrier humans and animals, contaminated food, and agricultural products. The pathogens can be conserved internally by rodents, pets, and livestock; by agricultural production systems; and by food marketing chains. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of the pathogens among the human population was 4.27% (95%CI: 4.03–4.51%; p < 0.001) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.50%). The top three highest prevalent pathogens were M.tuberculosis (30.90%; 22.75–39.04%; p < 0.001; I2 = 99.70%) followed by Toxoplasma gondii (21.93%; 6.23–37.61%; p < 0.001; I2 = 99.30%) and hepatitis E virus (18.29%; 11.72–24.86%; p < 0.001; I2 = 96.70%). However, there is a knowledge gap about the listed pathogens regarding the occurrence, transmission pathways, and rodent role in transmission dynamics at the human–animal–environment interface in Qatar. Further studies are required to explore the role of rodents in spreading zoonotic pathogens through the One Health framework, consisting of zoologists, ecologists, microbiologists, entomologists, veterinarians, and public health experts in this country.

scholarly journals Towards One Health: Increasing Awareness of Animal Health Among Public Health Stakeholders

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda C. Dórea ◽  
Céline Dupuy ◽  
Judy E. Akkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Public Health Workers ◽  
The One ◽  
Great Public Health

The recent focus on the 'One Medicine' concept has resulted in an increased awareness that the control of diseases in animal populations, whether zoonotic or not, can be of great public health importance. However, awareness of the activities developed in the field of animal health is still low among public health workers. In this roundtable the facilitators will encourage discussion regarding what can public and animal health learn from each other, focusing particularly on how this cooperation can be promoted.

scholarly journals A concise history of Salmonella spp. nomenclature

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD EVANGELOPOULOU ◽  
A BOURRIEL ◽  
V SPYROU
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Public Health

The history of typing strains of the genus Salmonella is a matter, perhaps, causing anxiety to those choosing to do research with this microorganism. The nomenclature and taxonomy of microorganisms of great Public Health importance, such as Salmonella, are causing proliferation of opinions and information representing various "schools of thought". They produce a difficult to manage bulk of scientific information, eventually deterring inexperienced newcomers in this field of research. In overcoming this confusing proliferation of information, international bodies, having the responsibility of summarizing and officializing available knowledge, publish regularly "landmark decisions" on nomenclature and taxonomy. The present concise review of the history of Salmonella nomenclature aims in guiding the inexperienced researchers studying salmonellosis in animals and man toward the sources of accurate information.

scholarly journals Two fatal cases of melioidosis on the Thai-Myanmar border

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy S. Chu ◽  
Stuart Winearls ◽  
Clare Ling ◽  
Miriam Beer Torchinsky ◽  
Aung Phae Phyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Clinical Awareness ◽  
Great Public Health

Melioidosis is endemic in areas of Southeast Asia, however, there are no published reports from the Thai-Myanmar border. We report the first two documented cases of fatal melioidosis in this region. This is of great public health importance and highlights the need to both increase clinical awareness of melioidosis on the Thai-Myanmar border, and to assess the true burden of disease in the area through improved case detection and Burkholderia pseudomallei prevalence studies.

Emergence of antimicrobial resistance and magnitude of Unani medicine – scope and challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noman Anwar ◽  
N. Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
A. Farhath Fathima ◽  
Shehnaz Begum ◽  
Asim Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Great Public Health

Abstract Emergence of antimicrobial resistance, with practically all newly developed and even more potent antibiotics like carbapenem and colistin, has become a matter of great public health concern. A number of common diseases of public health importance are becoming harder and sometimes impossible to treat due to increased resistance of pathogens. These alarming threats seek prime attention of scientific community to develop newer antibiotics with long-lasting efficacy, least side effects, and low economic burden. Unani classical texts have enormous citations on different infectious diseases. Many single drugs and compound formulations are in vogue since ages for the treatment of infectious diseases. Use of Afaviya (spices), Mufarrehat (exhilarants), Tiryaqi Advia (drugs with antidote properties) and Sirka (vinegar) is highly advocated in treating various infectious diseases. Though, enormous research activities have been undertaken worldwide to explore and develop newer antibiotics from natural resources, indicating massive magnitude of natural products in treating various infectious diseases, however, the higher plants, still largely seems to be unexplored. Moreover, elaborated and well controlled clinical studies are still lacking to authenticate their clinical significance. Hence, a rigorous, well-designed & well-structured research is highly paramount to ascertain the provision of newer, relatively safe and cost effective natural antibiotics.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF MATERNAL NUTRITION ON CHILD HEALTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Naushaba Akhtar ◽  
Subhadarshini Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Birth Complications ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Women In India ◽  
Great Public Health

Background: The state of under nutrition among women in India has remained a prevalent cause for affecting maternal and child health and increasing neonatal deaths. Objective: In this paper, the authors have reviewed and summarized the complete knowledge of maternal nutrition requirements, how maternal nutrition impacts child health and public health considerations. Method: Review of existing scientific literature and records from the past. Conclusion: In this article, the author concludes that nutrition is one of those factors which can be easily modified and it is of great public health importance, giving importance to nutrition can be of great health to mother and child and reduce birth complications and adverse birth outcomes. Keywords: Nutrition, Maternal health, Maternal nutrition, Child Health, Birth outcomes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document