A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phase I Inactivated Vaccines to Reduce Shedding ofCoxiella burnetiiFrom Sheep and Goats From Routes of Public Health Importance

2013 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. O'Neill ◽  
J. M. Sargeant ◽  
Z. Poljak
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

scholarly journals Rodent-Related Zoonotic Pathogens at the Human–Animal–Environment Interface in Qatar: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5928
Author(s):  
Md Mazharul Islam ◽  
Elmoubashar Farag ◽  
Ahmad Mahmoudi ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan ◽  
Ehsan Mostafavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Human Animal

Rodents are one of the most diversified terrestrial mammals, and they perform several beneficial activities in nature. These animals are also important as carriers of many pathogens with public health importance. The current systematic review was conducted to formulate a true depiction of rodent-related zoonoses in Qatar. Following systematic searches on PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science and a screening process, a total of 94 published articles were selected and studied. The studied articles reported 23 rodent-related zoonotic pathogens that include nine bacterial, eleven parasitic, and three viral pathogens, from which the frequently reported pathogens were Mycobacterium tuberculosis (32 reports), Escherichia coli (23), and Salmonella spp. (16). The possible pathway of entry of the rodent-borne pathogens can be the land port, seaports, and airport of Qatar through carrier humans and animals, contaminated food, and agricultural products. The pathogens can be conserved internally by rodents, pets, and livestock; by agricultural production systems; and by food marketing chains. The overall estimated pooled prevalence of the pathogens among the human population was 4.27% (95%CI: 4.03–4.51%; p < 0.001) with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.50%). The top three highest prevalent pathogens were M.tuberculosis (30.90%; 22.75–39.04%; p < 0.001; I2 = 99.70%) followed by Toxoplasma gondii (21.93%; 6.23–37.61%; p < 0.001; I2 = 99.30%) and hepatitis E virus (18.29%; 11.72–24.86%; p < 0.001; I2 = 96.70%). However, there is a knowledge gap about the listed pathogens regarding the occurrence, transmission pathways, and rodent role in transmission dynamics at the human–animal–environment interface in Qatar. Further studies are required to explore the role of rodents in spreading zoonotic pathogens through the One Health framework, consisting of zoologists, ecologists, microbiologists, entomologists, veterinarians, and public health experts in this country.

scholarly journals The Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Marcella Vaselli ◽  
Daniel Hungerford ◽  
Ben Shenton ◽  
Arwa Khashkhusha ◽  
Nigel A. Cunliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundA year following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, new infections and deaths continue to increase in Europe. Serological studies, through providing evidence of past infection, can aid understanding of the population dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection.ObjectivesThis systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies in Europe was undertaken to inform public health strategies including vaccination, that aim to accelerate population immunity.MethodsWe searched the databases Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and grey literature sources for studies reporting seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Europe published between 01/12/2019 - 30/09/20. We provide a narrative synthesis of included studies. Studies were categorized into subgroups including healthcare workers (HCWs), community, outbreaks, pregnancy and children/school. Due to heterogeneity in other subgroups, we only performed a random effects meta-analysis of the seroprevalence amongst HCWs stratified by their country.Results109 studies were included spanning 17 European countries, that estimated the seroprevalence of SAR-CoV2 from samples obtained between November 2019 – August 2020. A total of 53/109 studies included HCWs with a reported seroprevalence among HCWs ranging from 0.7% to 45.3%, which did not differ significantly by country. In community studies significant heterogeneity was reported in the seroprevalence among different age groups and the majority of studies reported there was no significant difference by gender.ConclusionThis review demonstrates a wide heterogeneity in reported seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies between populations. Continued evaluation of seroprevalence is required to understand the impact of public health measures and inform interventions including vaccination programmes.

scholarly journals Utilization of public health care by people with private health insurance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Congcong Zhang ◽  
Chenwei Fu ◽  
Yimin Song ◽  
Rong Feng ◽  
Xinjuan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Care

scholarly journals The Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project: a series of systematic reviews on diet and health

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 685S-697S ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve E Stoody ◽  
Joanne M Spahn ◽  
Kellie O Casavale
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Review Team ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

ABSTRACTNutrition exposures during the earliest stages of life are integral to growth and development and may continue to affect health through adulthood. The purpose of the Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months (P/B-24) Project was to conduct a series of systematic reviews on diet and health for women who are pregnant and for infants and toddlers from birth to 24 mo of age. The P/B-24 Project was a joint initiative led by the USDA and the US Department of Health and Human Services. The USDA's Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team, previously known as the Nutrition Evidence Library, carried out the series of systematic reviews in collaboration with programmatic and scientific experts. Systematic review questions were prioritized based on federal policy, program, or guidance needs, potential to support the development of healthy dietary intake, and public health importance. Systematic reviews were conducted on specific topics related to dietary intake before and during pregnancy, infant milk feeding practices, complementary feeding, flavor exposures, and infant/toddler feeding practices. Across the reviews, relationships were observed between P/B-24 diet exposures and a variety of outcomes of public health importance. Evidence showed links between dietary intake before and during pregnancy, during the period of human milk or infant formula feeding, and through introduction of complementary foods and beverages and health outcomes. Additionally, the reviews on flavor exposure and infant/toddler feeding practices highlight the importance of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation and caregiver feeding strategies and practices. Systematic reviews are an important tool to inform our understanding of the body of evidence related to diet and health, and scientists can use the P/B-24 Project reviews to continue to advance research in these areas.

Individual subject meta-analysis of parameters forCryptosporidium parvumshedding and diarrhoea in animal experimental models

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
pp. 1662-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. ADELL ◽  
W. A. MILLER ◽  
D. J. HARVEY ◽  
E. VANWORMER ◽  
S. WUERTZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Individual Subject

SUMMARYCryptosporidiumis a zoonotic protozoan parasite with public health importance worldwide. The objectives of this study were to (1) conduct a meta-analysis of published literature for oocyst shedding and diarrhoea outcomes, and (2) develop recommendations for standardization of experimental dose–response studies. Results showed that for the outcome of oocyst shedding in faeces, the covariates ‘experimental species’, ‘immunosuppression’, ‘oocyst dose’ and ‘oocyst dose’ × ‘age’ were all significant (P ⩽ 0·05). This study suggests that exposing mice, piglets, or ruminants, and using immunosuppressed experimental hosts, is more likely to result in oocyst shedding. For the outcome of diarrhoea in experimentally infected animal species, the key covariates ‘experimental species’, ‘age’ and ‘immunosuppression’ were significant (P ⩽ 0·2). Therefore, based on the results of this meta-analysis, these variables should be carefully reported and considered when designing experimental dose–response studies. Additionally, detection of possible publication bias highlights the need to publish additional studies that convey statistically non-significant as well as significant results in the future.

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