Epidemiological and clinical features of HEV infection: a survey in the district of Foggia (Apulia, Southern Italy)

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. SCOTTO ◽  
D. MARTINELLI ◽  
M. CENTRA ◽  
M. QUERQUES ◽  
F. VITTORIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Low Prevalence

SUMMARYIn this study we assessed the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in both the Italian population and immigrants from developing countries in Foggia (Apulia, Southern Italy). The seroprevalence of HEV was determined in 1217 subjects [412 (34%) immigrants and 805 Italian subjects (blood donors, general population, HIV-positive, haemodialysis patients)]. Serum samples were tested for anti-HEV and confirmed by Western blot assay; in positive patients HEV RNA and genotype were also determined. There were 8·8% of patients that were positive to anti-HEV, confirmed by Western blot. The prevalence in immigrants was 19·7%, and in Italians 3·9% (blood donors 1·3%, general population 2·7%, HIV-positive patients 2·0%, haemodialysis patients 9·6%). Anti-HEV IgM was found in 38/107 (35·5%) of the anti-HEV-positive serum samples (34 immigrants, four Italians). This study indicates a higher circulation of HEV in immigrants and Italian haemodialysis patients, whereas a low prevalence of HEV antibodies was seen in the remaining Italian population.

Seroprevalence of the hepatitis E virus antibodies among blood donors in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bader Y Alhatlani ◽  
Waleed A Aljabr ◽  
Mohammed S Almarzouqi ◽  
Sami M Alhatlani ◽  
Rayan N Alzunaydi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Major Public Health Issue

Aim: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) transmission through blood transfusion is a major public health issue worldwide. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HEV in blood donors in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Materials & methods: Serum samples (n = 1078) were collected from volunteer blood donors and tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM by indirect ELISA. Results: The seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG among the blood donors was 5.7% overall. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM seropositivity were significantly higher in non-Saudi donors than in Saudi donors (22.1 vs 3 and 7.8 vs 0.2% for anti-HEV IgG and IgM, respectively). Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HEV among blood donors in the Qassim region was lower than previous estimates for other regions of the country and neighboring countries.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Five Assays for Anti-Hepatitis E Virus IgG and IgM in a Large Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heléne Norder ◽  
Marie Karlsson ◽  
Åsa Mellgren ◽  
Jan Konar ◽  
Elisabeth Sandberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Large Cohort Study ◽  
No Gold Standard

Determination of anti-hepatitis E virus (anti-HEV) antibodies is still enigmatic. There is no gold standard, and results obtained with different assays often diverge. Herein, five assays were compared for detection of anti-HEV IgM and IgG. Serum samples from 500 Swedish blood donors and 316 patients, of whom 136 had suspected HEV infection, were analyzed. Concordant results for IgM and IgG with all assays were obtained only for 71% and 70% of patients with suspected hepatitis E, respectively. The range of sensitivity for anti-HEV detection was broad (42% to 96%); this was reflected in the detection limit, which varied up to 19-fold for IgM and 17-fold for IgG between assays. HEV RNA was analyzed in all patients and in those blood donors reactive for anti-HEV in any assay, and it was found in 26 individuals. Among all of the assays, both anti-HEV IgG and IgM were detected in 10 of those individuals. Twelve had only IgG and, in 7 of those 12, IgG was only detected with the two most sensitive assays. Three of the HEV-RNA-positive samples were negative for anti-HEV IgM and IgG in all assays. With the two most sensitive assays, anti-HEV IgG was identified in 16% of the blood donor samples and in 66% of patients with suspected HEV infection. Because several HEV-RNA-positive samples had only anti-HEV IgG without anti-HEV IgM or lacked anti-HEV antibodies, analysis for HEV RNA may be warranted as a complement in the laboratory diagnosis of ongoing HEV infection.

IgG2 subclass deficiency: IgG subclass assays and IgG2 concentrations among 8015 blood donors.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
J V Madassery ◽  
O H Kwon ◽  
S Y Lee ◽  
M H Nahm
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Igg Subclass ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Carbohydrate Antigens ◽  
Igg1 Subclass ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Log Normal Distribution ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Among the four IgG subclasses in humans, IgG2 is preferentially expressed in antibodies to carbohydrate antigens whereas IgG1 subclass is commonly associated with antibodies to protein antigens. Because of this association with carbohydrate antigens, values for IgG2 in serum are often used as an index of immunocompetence against carbohydrate antigens. To investigate the value of IgG2 measurements in a general population, we have developed a convenient IgG subclass assay, using monoclonal antibodies and particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay. Our assay is specific, precise, convenient, and accurate. When IgG2 concentrations were determined in the serum samples from 8015 adult blood donors, there were more individuals with low IgG2 concentrations than predicted by the log-normal distribution. The observed distribution suggested the presence of a subpopulation with low IgG2 concentration. Because apparently healthy individuals in a general population have low IgG2 concentrations, IgG2 measurements alone may have a limited clinical usefulness as an index of immune function against carbohydrate antigens.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of the hepatitis E virus among blood donors in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bader Alhatlani ◽  
Waleed Aljabr ◽  
Mohammed Almarzouqi ◽  
Sami Alhatlani ◽  
Rayan Alzunaydi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Major Public Health Issue

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV), a major public health issue worldwide with the potential for transmission via blood transfusion, in blood donors in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Serum samples (n = 1,078) were collected from volunteer blood donors from January to April 2019 and tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Overall, the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM among blood donors was 5.7% and 1.3%, respectively. Additionally, the seropositive rates of anti-HEV IgG and IgM were significantly higher in non-Saudi donors (22.1% and 7.8%) than in Saudi donors (3% and 0.2%). The seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG increased with age; however, there was no correlation between gender and anti-HEV IgG and/or IgM. The seroprevalence of HEV among blood donors in the Qassim Region was lower than previous estimates for other regions of the country. Further studies covering a wider geographical area are needed to validate and expand the findings and to determine the importance of HEV screening in the region.

scholarly journals Low Hepatitis E Virus Prevalence Among Blood Donor in Dali in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Fu ◽  
Baochai Lin ◽  
Bingting Wu ◽  
Ling Ke ◽  
Tianfu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Positive Rate

Abstract BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a nonenveloped RNA virus causing Hepatitis E worldwide. An increasing transfusion transmission cases of HEV infections from asymptomatic blood donors which causing serious illnesses in immunosuppressed recipients have been reported in the past few years. China is one of the highly prevalent regions of HEV, it is important to evaluate the risk of HEV transmission from blood transfusion. METHODS: A total of 1864 serum samples from blood donors and demographic characteristics were randomly collected from Feb to Mar 2018 in Dali city. Anti-HEV IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies and HEV antigen were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HEV RNA was detected by real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to examine risk factors associated with HEV prevalence.RESULTS: Overall, the positive rate of anti-HEV IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies was 13.36% (249/1864), 1.13%(21/1864), and 1.82%(34/1864), respectively. However, none of the 1864 serum samples was detected as HEV antigen-positive nor HEV RNA positive. The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG antibody is high as 28.57% (2/7) in the donors with isolated elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Females (16.69%) had a significantly higher HEV seroprevalence than males (13.04%) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34 [95% CI, 1.02-1.75]). Other ethnic minority (24.32%) and Bai (18.85%) donors had a significantly higher HEV seroprevalence when compared to Han (12.21%) blood donors (odds ratio [OR], 2.25 [95% CI, 1.04-4.88] for other ethnic minority, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.24-2.19] for Bai). Conclusions: Dali, Yunnan province, China is an endemic region for HEV and have a relatively low risk of HEV transmission via blood transfusion. Whether to formulate the strategy for HEV screening in blood center needed further researched.

scholarly journals Enzyme Immunoassay Detection of Antigen-Specific Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Longitudinal Serum Samples from Patients with Cryptosporidiosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Priest ◽  
Anna Li ◽  
Mohamad Khan ◽  
Michael J. Arrowood ◽  
Patrick J. Lammie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Large Format ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite that causes diarrheal illness in a wide range of mammalian hosts, including humans. Characteristic serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses to antigens in the 27- and 17-kDa size ranges have been shown to develop after infection, and several enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot assay formats have been used to measure these IgG levels in human serum. Using a collection of serial samples from laboratory-confirmed cryptosporidiosis patients, we compared the results obtained by using two new ELISAs with those obtained with two different Western blot assays. When assayed with the large-format Western blot, 97% of the 67 patients had a demonstrable antibody response on at least one occasion. The Cp23 ELISA correctly identified 93% of the samples that had a 27-kDa response by Western blot and 100% of the negative samples. The Triton antigen ELISA detected 77% of the samples that had a 17-kDa response by Western blot and 88% of the negative samples. The sensitivity of the Triton antigen assay was higher for samples collected between 16 and 92 days after the onset of symptoms (96%). The minigel-format Western blot did not compare favorably with the large-format blot for the detection of antibodies to the 27-kDa antigen (71% sensitivity). A half-life of about 12 weeks was estimated for antibodies to both the 27- and 17-kDa antigens. We believe the Cp23 and Triton antigen ELISAs will be useful in epidemiologic studies of the prevalence ofCryptosporidium infection in the population.

scholarly journals Western blot assay of anti-Echinococcus granulosus antibody positive serum samples by indirect haemagglutination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayşe Semra Güreser ◽  
Gamze Gizem Duman ◽  
Fakhriddin Sarzhanov ◽  
Djursun Karasartova ◽  
Funda Dogruman Al ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Indirect Haemagglutination ◽  
Positive Serum

scholarly journals Development of a Western Blot Assay for Detection of Bovine Immunodeficiency-Like Virus Using Capsid and Transmembrane Envelope Proteins Expressed from Recombinant Baculovirus

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Abed ◽  
G. St-Laurent ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
R. M. Jacobs ◽  
D. Archambault
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Recombinant Baculovirus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Recombinant Fusion Proteins ◽  
Syncytial Virus

ABSTRACT A 120-amino-acid polypeptide selected from the transmembrane protein region (tTM) and the major capsid protein p26 of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) were expressed as fusion proteins from recombinant baculoviruses. The antigenic reactivity of both recombinant fusion proteins was confirmed by Western blot with bovine and rabbit antisera to BIV. BIV-negative bovine sera and animal sera positive for bovine syncytial virus and bovine leukemia virus failed to recognize the recombinant fusion proteins, thereby showing the specificity of the BIV Western blot. One hundred and five bovine serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-BIV antibodies by the recombinant protein-based Western blot and a reference Western blot assay using cell culture-derived virions as test antigens. There was a 100% concordance when the p26 fusion protein was used in the Western blot. However, the Western blot using the tTM fusion protein as its test antigen identified four BIV-positive bovine sera which had tested negative in both the p26 recombinant-protein-based and the reference Western blot assays. This resulted in the lower concordance of 96.2% between the tTM-protein-based and reference Western blot assays. The results of this study showed that the recombinant p26 and tTM proteins can be used as test antigens for the serodetection of BIV-infection in animals.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among volunteer blood donors of the Regional Blood Bank of Londrina, State of Paraná , Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz Bortoliero ◽  
Ana Maria Bonametti ◽  
Helena Kaminami Morimoto ◽  
Tiemi Matsuo ◽  
Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables

A cross-sectional study was carried out among 996 volunteer blood donors enrolled from May 1999 to December 1999 to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among volunteer blood donors of the Regional Blood Bank of Londrina, State of Paraná, Brazil, and to evaluate whether the rate of seroprevalence of IgG anti-HEV antibodies is associated with sociodemographic variables and with seropositivity for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. All participants answered the questionnaire regarding the sociodemographic characterisitcs. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies to HEV (anti-HEV) by an enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA). All serum samples positive for anti-HEV IgG and 237 serum samples negative for anti-HEV were also assayed for IgG anti-HAV antibodies by ELISA. Anti-HEV IgG was confirmed in 23/996 samples, resulting in a seroprevalence of 2.3% for HEV infection, similar to previous results obtained in developed countries. No significant association was found between the presence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies and the sociodemographic variables including gender, age, educational level, rural or urban areas, source of water, and sewer system (p > 0.05). Also, no association with seropositivity for anti-HAV IgG antibodies was observed (p > 0.05). Although this study revealed a low seroprevalence of HEV infection in the population evaluated, the results showed that this virus is circulating among the population from Londrina, South Brazil, and point out the need of further studies to define the clinical and epidemiological importance of HEV infection and to identify additional risk factors involved in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this infection in this population.

scholarly journals Low Hepatitis E virus prevalence among blood donor in Dali in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Fu ◽  
Baochai Lin ◽  
Bingting Wu ◽  
Ling Ke ◽  
Tianfu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Positive Rate

Abstract BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a nonenveloped RNA virus causing Hepatitis E worldwide. An increasing transfusion transmission cases of HEV infections from asymptomatic blood donors which causing serious illnesses in immunosuppressed recipients have been reported in the past few years. China is one of the highly prevalent regions of HEV, it is important to evaluate the risk of HEV transmission from blood transfusion. METHODS: A total of 1864 serum samples from blood donors and demographic characteristics were randomly collected from Feb to Mar 2018 in Dali city. Anti-HEV IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies and HEV antigen were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HEV RNA was detected by real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to examine risk factors associated with HEV prevalence.RESULTS: Overall, the positive rate of anti-HEV IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies was 13.36% (249/1864), 1.13%(21/1864), and 1.82%(34/1864), respectively. However, none of the 1864 serum samples was detected as HEV antigen-positive nor HEV RNA positive. The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG antibody is high as 28.57% (2/7) in the donors with isolated elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Females (16.69%) had a significantly higher HEV seroprevalence than males (13.04%) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34 [95% CI, 1.02-1.75]). Other ethnic minority (24.32%) and Bai (18.85%) donors had a significantly higher HEV seroprevalence when compared to Han (12.21%) blood donors (odds ratio [OR], 2.25 [95% CI, 1.04-4.88] for other ethnic minority, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.24-2.19] for Bai). Conclusions: Dali, Yunnan province, China is an endemic region f of hepatitis E virus, and women, Bai and other ethnic minorities may be potential risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection.. The risk of transmission of hepatitis E virus through blood transfusion is relatively low, and the specific risk value needs to be further tested by expanding the sample size. Whether to formulate the strategy for HEV screening in blood center needed further researched.

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