Age-associated prevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiin 8281 pregnant women in Poland between 2004 and 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. NOWAKOWSKA ◽  
W. WUJCICKA ◽  
W. SOBALA ◽  
E. ŚPIEWAK ◽  
Z. GAJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Congenital Infections ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Hospital Research

SUMMARYThis study aimed to describeToxoplasma gondiiprevalence in Polish pregnant women and the incidence rates of congenital infections in their neonates observed between 2004 and 2012. Serological tests forT. gondii-specific IgG and IgM antibodies were performed on serum samples of 8281 pregnant women treated at the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute in Lodz. The yearly seroconversion rate forT. gondiiIgG antibodies was estimated using a mathematical model to determine the dependency between age and prevalence. Mean prevalence of IgG antibodies between 2004 and 2012 in pregnant women was 40·6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 39·6–41·7] and increased with age with a yearly seroconversion rate of 0·8% (95% CI 0·6–1·0,P < 0·001). Assuming aT. gondiimaterno-fetal transmission rate of 30% gave an estimate of 1·80/1000 neonates as congenitally infected. The increased mean age (28·7vs26·7 years,P < 0·001) of pregnant women was probably the most important factor in abolishing the effect of falling prevalence rates.

scholarly journals Seroconversion for cytomegalovirus infection in a cohort of pregnant women in Québec, 2010–2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (8) ◽  
pp. 1701-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. LAMARRE ◽  
N. L. GILBERT ◽  
C. ROUSSEAU ◽  
T. W. GYORKOS ◽  
W. D. FRASER
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
First Language ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Children First

SUMMARYCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of congenital infection and non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss in children. There are no recent data on the incidence of CMV infection during pregnancy in Canada. This present study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of CMV IgG antibodies and the rate of seroconversion in a cohort of pregnant women in the province of Québec, Canada. We used serum samples and questionnaire data collected as part of the 3D Pregnancy and Birth Cohort Study (2010–2013) conducted in Québec, Canada. CMV IgG antibodies were determined in serum samples collected at the first and third trimesters. Associations between independent variables and seroprevalence were assessed using logistic regression, and associations with seroconversions, by Poisson regression. Of 1938 pregnant women tested, 40·4% were seropositive for CMV at baseline. Previous CMV infection was associated with: working as a daycare educator, lower education, lower income, having had children, first language other than French or English, and being born outside Canada or the United States. Of the 1122 initially seronegative women, 24 (2·1%) seroconverted between their first and third trimesters. The seroconversion rate was 1·4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·9–2·1]/10 000 person-days at risk or 3·9 (95% CI 2·5–5·9)/100 pregnancies (assuming a 280-day gestation). The high proportion of pregnant women susceptible to CMV infection (nearly 60%) and the subsequent rate of seroconversion are of concern.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women along the first pandemic outbreak and perinatal outcome

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0243029
Author(s):  
Cecilia Villalaín ◽  
Ignacio Herraiz ◽  
Joanna Luczkowiak ◽  
Alfredo Pérez-Rivilla ◽  
María Dolores Folgueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

Objectives To evaluate the progression of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the pregnant population of the south of Madrid during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondarily we aimed to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes. Study design Retrospective cohort study conducted at Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre during weeks 10 to 19 of 2020, coinciding with the Spanish lockdown. We tested 769 serum samples obtained from routine serological testing during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy for specific IgG anti SARS-CoV-2 RBD and S proteins. RT-PCR tests were performed in suspected cases according to clinical practice. We compared maternal and perinatal outcomes in those with delivered pregnancies (n = 578) according to the presence or absence of specific IgG antibodies. Those with positive IgG were subdivided by the presence or absence of Covid-19 related symptoms at any time and the results of RT-PCR testing if performed. Therefore, we had 4 study groups: G1 (IgG negative), G2 (IgG positive, asymptomatic, RT-PCR testing negative or not done), G3 (IgG positive, symptomatic, RT-PCR testing negative or not done), and G4 (IgG positive, symptomatic, RT-PCR positive). Results Seropositivity increased from 0% to 21.4% (95% CI 11.8–31.0) during the study period, of which 27.9% had an asymptomatic course. Overall outcomes were favorable with a significant increased rate of preterm birth in G4 vs G1 (21.4% vs 6.7%) and cesarean/operative delivery (50% vs 26.9%). Asymptomatic and mild cases did not have differences regarding pregnancy course when compared to seronegative women. There were no documented cases of vertical or horizontal transmission. Conclusion Seroprevalence in pregnant women in southern Madrid went up to 21.4% of which 27.9% had an asymptomatic course. Overall perinatal results were favorable, especially in those asymptomatic.

scholarly journals Serological response to herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection among women of reproductive age

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristina Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Hsv 1

Introduction. Herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) are alpha herpes viruses. Humans are the only natural host and they can be transmitted through oral or genital secretions. These viruses are ubiquitous all over the world, with different percentage rates. The aims of this paper were to determine the serological response to HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection among pregnant women and women of reproductive age and seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies among pregnant women and women of reproductive age. Material and Methods. A total of 81 serum samples were analyzed. 32 sera were collected from pregnant women, and 49 sera were from non-pregnant women of reproductive age. Serum samples were tested for IgM antibodies to both herpes simplex viruses by use of immunoenzymatic assay (Bioelisa HSV IgM Immunocapture; Biokit, Spain)). Sero-type specific ELISA tests: Bioelisa HSV-1 IgG and Bioelisa HSV-2 IgG (Biokit, Spain) were used for detection of IgG antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively. Results. Type-common IgM antibodies were found in 6.25% of pregnant women, and in 4.08% of women of reproductive age. Type-specific IgG antibodies to HSV-1 were detected in 68.75% of pregnant women, and in 81.63% of non-pregnant women. The seroprevalence of HSV-1 in our sample was 76.5%. Type-specific IgG antibodies to HSV-2 were detected in 12.5% of pregnant women, and in 12.24% of non-pregnant women of reproductive age. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 in the whole sample was 12.35%. Conclusion. Most women have antibodies to HSV-1, which is partially protective against HSV-2 infection. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 in our sample is relatively low, and similar to seroprevalence in developed European countries. However, there is a high risk of acquiring primary genital HSV infection during pregnancy. Our sample was small, therefore further investigations are required for valid evaluation of seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in Serbia. .

Antibody Testing of Infants Born to Asymptomatic COVID-19 Positive Mothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Tonya Robinson ◽  
Nicole Pozzi ◽  
Saeed Jortani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
University Of Louisville ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Negative Conclusion ◽  
Future Management

Awareness of SARS-COV-2 IgG may contribute to the management of asymptomatic RT PCR COVID-19 positive pregnant women, their newborns, and future vaccination practices. Objective: Characterize COVID testing results of asymptomatic COVID-19 positive pregnant women and their infants. Our assumption/hypothesis maintained that all infants born to asymptomatic COVID-19 positive mothers would have detectable SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Clinical demographics/COVID-19 testing of maternal/infant dyads were reviewed/collected for reporting purposes. Setting: Center for Women and Infants (CWI), University of Louisville Hospital, Louisville, KY Participants: Asymptomatic COVID-19 positive pregnant women/infant dyads admitted to the CWI between June 2020 to February 2021. Results: 36 COVID-19 positive asymptomatic mother/37 infant dyads (one set of twins) reviewed. 38% of the mother/infant dyads were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG, while 27% of mother/infant dyads were negative for IgG. A COVID-19 positive mother of twins was IgG negative, but both twins were positive. Two mothers in this study group had developed significant COVID-19 disease at 28w4d gestation and 34w0d gestation. Both required intensive care but recovered, and their pregnancies were maintained until 37w4d and 39w3d gestation, respectively. By the time of delivery, both mothers had negative COVID-19 RT PCR testing, but both infants were positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. COVID-19 RT PCR testing on both of these infants at 24 and 48 hours of age was negative. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 IgG is passively transferred to the infant during pregnancy of asymptomatic positive COVID-19 mothers however appears variable and/or possibly based on the ability of IgG detection with current testing. Further investigation of the immune system’s response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus during pregnancy can direct future management/treatment during pregnancy, especially in the wake of vaccination for the virus during pregnancy and emerging variants.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies in Kashmir, India, 7 months after the first reported local COVID-19 case: results of a population-based seroprevalence survey from October to November 2020

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e053791
Author(s):  
S Muhammad Salim Khan ◽  
Mariya Amin Qurieshi ◽  
Inaamul Haq ◽  
Sabhiya Majid ◽  
Javid Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Design ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

ObjectivesWe designed a population-based survey in Kashmir to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies in the general population aged 18 years and above.SettingThe survey was conducted among 110 villages and urban wards across 10 districts in Kashmir from 17 October 2020 to 4 November 2020.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 18 years and above were eligible to be included in the survey. Serum samples were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe labelled assay results equal to or above the cut-off index value of 1.4 as positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies. Seroprevalence estimates were adjusted for the sampling design and assay characteristics.ResultsOut of 6397 eligible individuals enumerated, 6315 (98.7%) agreed to participate. The final analysis was done on 6230 participants. Seroprevalence adjusted for the sampling design and assay characteristics was 36.7% (95% CI 34.3% to 39.2%). Seroprevalence was higher among the older population. Among seropositive individuals, 10.2% (247/2415) reported a history of COVID-19-like symptoms. Out of 474 symptomatic individuals, 233 (49.2%) reported having been tested. We estimated an infection fatality rate of 0.034%.ConclusionsDuring the first 7 months of the COVID-19 epidemic in Kashmir Valley, approximately 37% of individuals were infected. The reported number of COVID-19 cases was only a small fraction of the estimated number of infections. A more efficient surveillance system with strengthened reporting of COVID-19 cases and deaths is warranted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nine serological rapid tests for the detection of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marcela Mercado ◽  
Jeadran Malagón-Rojas ◽  
Gabriela Delgado ◽  
Vivian Vanesa Rubio ◽  
Lida Muñoz Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Aid ◽  
Rapid Tests

Objective. To evaluate the operative capacity of nine serological rapid tests to detect the IgM/IgG antibodies response in serum from patients with SARS-CoV-2 in different clinical stages. Methods. A cross-sectional study of serological rapid tests was designed to compare the performance of the evaluated immunochromatographic tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. A total of 293 samples was used, including negatives, asymptomatic, and symptomatic serum samples. Results. The sensitivity of the evaluated tests was low and moderate in the groups of asymptomatic serum samples and the group of serums coming from patients with less than 11 days since the onset of the symptoms. The specificity for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies tests ranged between 86.5%-99% for IgM and 86.5%-99.5% for IgG. The sensitivity and the likelihood ratio were different according to the study groups. The usefulness of these tests is restricted to symptomatic patients and their sensitivity is greater than 85% after 11 days from the appearance of symptoms. Conclusions. Serological tests are not an adequate strategy for the identification of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic patients. Serological rapid tests for the detection of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can be used as a diagnostic aid, but diagnosis must be confirmed by RT-PCR. Rapid tests should be reserved for patients with symptoms lasting more than 11 days.

scholarly journals Diagnostic-test evaluation of immunoassays for anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies in a random sample of Mexican population

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (05) ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heriberto Caballero-Ortega ◽  
Rocío Castillo-Cruz ◽  
Sandra Murieta ◽  
Luz Belinda Ortíz-Alegría ◽  
Esther Calderón-Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Latin American ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Open Population

Introduction: There are few articles on evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii serological tests. Besides, commercially available tests are not always useful and are expensive for studies in open population. The aim of this study was to evaluate in-house ELISA and western blot for IgG antibodies in a representative sample of people living in Mexico. Methodology: Three hundred and five serum samples were randomly selected from two national seroepidemiological survey banks; they were taken from men and women of all ages and from all areas of the country. ELISA cut-off was established using the mean plus three standard deviations of negative samples. Western blots were analysed by two experienced technicians and positivity was established according to the presence of at least three diagnostic bands. A commercial ELISA kit was used as a third test. Two reference standards were built up: one using concordant results of two assays leaving the evaluated test out and the other in which the evaluated test was included (IN) with at least two concordant results to define diagnosis. Results: the lowest values of diagnostic parameters were obtained with the OUT reference standards: in-house ELISA had 96.9% sensitivity, 62.1% specificity, 49.6% PPV, 98.1% NPV and 71.8% accuracy, while western blot presented 81.8%, 89.7%, 84.0%, 88.2% and 86.6% values and the best kappa coefficient (0.72-0.82). Conclusions: The in-house ELISA is useful for screening people of Mexico, due to its high sensitivity, while western blot may be used to confirm diagnosis. These techniques might prove useful in other Latin American countries.

scholarly journals Transplacental Transfer of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin D. Flannery ◽  
Sigrid Gouma ◽  
Miren B. Dhudasia ◽  
Sagori Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Madeline R. Pfeifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Transplacental Transfer ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractWe measured SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in serum samples from 1,471 mother/newborn dyads and found efficient transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in 72 of 83 seropositive pregnant women. Transfer ratios >1.0 were observed among women with an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as those with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19. Our findings demonstrate the potential for maternally-derived antibodies to provide neonatal protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Examination of convalescents after West Nile fever for the specific IgM, IgG and neutralizing antibodies

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Alla R. Azaryan ◽  
A. A Kozlova ◽  
A. P Grishanova ◽  
E. I Ivashchenko ◽  
G. L Shendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

The examination was executed in the Astrakhan region over 2013-2014 with participation of three laboratories. In 26 convalescents after West Nile Fever (WNF) with the serological confirmed diagnosis of WNF blood sera were examined. Neurological form of WNF was observed in 8 cases, and febrile form - in 8 convalescents. Sera have been collected in 243-358 days, on average, in 308 days after the beginning of a disease. For their examination there were used IFA-IgM ELISA (MAC-ELISA), IgG ELISA methods as well as neutralization test in Vero E6 cell culture. The results of the examination in 24 of 26 patients (92, 3%) for IgM antibodies to the virus WNF were negative. In two convalescents according to the laboratories in Astrakhan and Moscow in sera there were observed low titers of IgM (1:400) with minor indices of sera optical density (0.3 to 0.4) and negative results in the Volgograd Plague Control Research Institute. Serum samples of other two convalescents were weakly positive or questionable in testing in Volgograd, but were negative when examined in the Institute of Virology. Specific IgG antibodies were detected in 23 of 26 convalescents (88.5%), neutralizing in 22 of 24 (91.7 %). These data confirm the adequacy of the criteria and tactics for WNF serodiagnosis adopted in Russia based on the application of the MAC -ELISA (IFA - IgM).

scholarly journals Seroprevalence, waning, and correlates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Tyrol, Austria: Large-scale study of 35,193 blood donors conducted between June 2020 and September 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Siller ◽  
Lisa Seekircher ◽  
Gregor A Wachter ◽  
Manfred Astl ◽  
Lena Tschiderer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Prior Infection

Background: There is uncertainty about the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the general population of Austria, and about the extent to which antibodies elicited by vaccination or infection wane over time. Aim: To estimate seroprevalence, waning, and correlates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the Federal State of Tyrol, Austria. Methods: We conducted a seroepidemiological study between June 2020 and September 2021, enrolling blood donors aged 18-70 years across Tyrol, Austria (participation rate 84.0%). We analysed serum samples for antibodies against spike or nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 with Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays. Results: We performed 47,363 serological tests among 35,193 individuals (median age 43.1 years [IQR: 29.3-53.7], 45.3% women, 10.0% with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection). Seroprevalence increased from 3.4% (95% CI: 2.8-4.2%) in June 2020 to 82.7% (95% CI: 81.4-83.8%) in September 2021, largely due to vaccination. Anti-spike IgG seroprevalence was 99.6% (99.4-99.7%) among fully vaccinated individuals, 90.4% (88.8-91.7%) among unvaccinated with prior infection, and 11.5% (10.8-12.3%) among unvaccinated without known prior infection. Anti-spike IgG levels were reduced by 44.0% (34.9-51.7%) at 5-6 months compared to 0-3 months after infection. In fully vaccinated individuals, they decreased by 31.7% (29.4-33.9%) per month. In multivariable adjusted analyses, both seropositivity among unvaccinated and antibody levels among fully vaccinated individuals were higher at young age (<25 years), higher with a known prior infection, and lower in current smokers. Conclusion: Seroprevalence in Tyrol increased to 82.7% in September 2021, with the bulk of seropositivity stemming from vaccination. Antibody levels substantially and gradually declined after vaccination or infection.

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