scholarly journals Seroconversion for cytomegalovirus infection in a cohort of pregnant women in Québec, 2010–2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (8) ◽  
pp. 1701-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. LAMARRE ◽  
N. L. GILBERT ◽  
C. ROUSSEAU ◽  
T. W. GYORKOS ◽  
W. D. FRASER
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
First Language ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Children First

SUMMARYCytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of congenital infection and non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss in children. There are no recent data on the incidence of CMV infection during pregnancy in Canada. This present study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of CMV IgG antibodies and the rate of seroconversion in a cohort of pregnant women in the province of Québec, Canada. We used serum samples and questionnaire data collected as part of the 3D Pregnancy and Birth Cohort Study (2010–2013) conducted in Québec, Canada. CMV IgG antibodies were determined in serum samples collected at the first and third trimesters. Associations between independent variables and seroprevalence were assessed using logistic regression, and associations with seroconversions, by Poisson regression. Of 1938 pregnant women tested, 40·4% were seropositive for CMV at baseline. Previous CMV infection was associated with: working as a daycare educator, lower education, lower income, having had children, first language other than French or English, and being born outside Canada or the United States. Of the 1122 initially seronegative women, 24 (2·1%) seroconverted between their first and third trimesters. The seroconversion rate was 1·4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·9–2·1]/10 000 person-days at risk or 3·9 (95% CI 2·5–5·9)/100 pregnancies (assuming a 280-day gestation). The high proportion of pregnant women susceptible to CMV infection (nearly 60%) and the subsequent rate of seroconversion are of concern.

Age-associated prevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiin 8281 pregnant women in Poland between 2004 and 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. NOWAKOWSKA ◽  
W. WUJCICKA ◽  
W. SOBALA ◽  
E. ŚPIEWAK ◽  
Z. GAJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Congenital Infections ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Hospital Research

SUMMARYThis study aimed to describeToxoplasma gondiiprevalence in Polish pregnant women and the incidence rates of congenital infections in their neonates observed between 2004 and 2012. Serological tests forT. gondii-specific IgG and IgM antibodies were performed on serum samples of 8281 pregnant women treated at the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute in Lodz. The yearly seroconversion rate forT. gondiiIgG antibodies was estimated using a mathematical model to determine the dependency between age and prevalence. Mean prevalence of IgG antibodies between 2004 and 2012 in pregnant women was 40·6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 39·6–41·7] and increased with age with a yearly seroconversion rate of 0·8% (95% CI 0·6–1·0,P < 0·001). Assuming aT. gondiimaterno-fetal transmission rate of 30% gave an estimate of 1·80/1000 neonates as congenitally infected. The increased mean age (28·7vs26·7 years,P < 0·001) of pregnant women was probably the most important factor in abolishing the effect of falling prevalence rates.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Spot and CMV QuantiFERON Cell-Mediated Immune Assays in CMV-Seropositive and -Seronegative Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1352-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alda Saldan ◽  
Gabriella Forner ◽  
Carlo Mengoli ◽  
Daniel Tinto ◽  
Loredana Fallico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Local Regression ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Equal Variance ◽  
Immune Assays

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major cause of congenital infection leading to birth defects and sensorineural anomalies, including deafness. Recently, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in pregnant women has been shown to correlate with congenital CMV transmission. In this study, two interferon gamma release assays (IGRA), the CMV enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) and CMV QuantiFERON assays, detecting CMV-specific CMI were compared. These assays were performed for 80 CMV-infected (57 primarily and 23 nonprimarily) pregnant women and 115 controls, including 89 healthy CMV-seropositive pregnant women without active CMV infection, 15 CMV-seronegative pregnant women, and 11 seropositive or seronegative nonpregnant women. Statistical tests, including frequency distribution analysis, nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations rank test, Wilcoxon rank sum test for equality on unmatched data, and lowess smoothing local regression, were employed to determine statistical differences between groups and correlation between the assays. The CMV ELISPOT and CMV QuantiFERON assay data were not normally distributed and did not display equal variance. The CMV ELISPOT but not CMV QuantiFERON assay displayed significant higher values for primarily CMV-infected women than for the healthy seropositive pregnant and nonpregnant groups (P= 0.0057 and 0.0379, respectively) and those with nonprimary infections (P= 0.0104). The lowess local regression model comparing the assays on an individual basis showed a value bandwidth of 0.8. Both assays were highly accurate in discriminating CMV-seronegative pregnant women. The CMV ELISPOT assay was more effective than CMV-QuantiFERON in differentiating primary from the nonprimary infections. A substantial degree of variability exists between CMV ELISPOT and CMV QuantiFERON assay results for CMV-seropositive pregnant women.

scholarly journals Intra-uterine transmission of cytomegalovirus in women known to be immune before conception

1984 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Griffiths ◽  
C. Baboonian
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Infected Child ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Previous Pregnancy ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Retrospective Testing ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Congenital Cmv

SUMMARYA prospective study identified 785 pregnant women who had been shown to possess complement fixing antibodies against cytomegalovirus (CMV) during a previous pregnancy. As these women were thus known to have been immune prior to their subsequent conception, their neonates were examined for evidence of congenital CMV infection. Specimens were obtained from 725(92%) of the neonatcs and congenital infection was found in only one (0·14%). The elder sister of the infected child was also shown, by retrospective testing of her stored cord serum for specific IgM antibodies, to have been infected in utero. Thus, one woman was identified who had delivered consecutive siblings congenitally infected with CMV. We conclude that some women have a propensity for intra-uterine transmission of CMV, despite being immune prior to conception, and speculate that such women may have acquired their infections perinatally.

Early high CMV seroprevalence in pregnant women from a population with a high rate of congenital infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (10) ◽  
pp. 2187-2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. YAMAMOTO ◽  
R. A. C. CASTELLUCCI ◽  
D. C. ARAGON ◽  
M. M. MUSSI-PINHATA
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Congenital Cmv

SUMMARYCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection rates increase with maternal seroprevalence due to transmission from maternal non-primary infection. CMV seroprevalence estimates of pregnant women are needed for planning strategies against congenital CMV transmission. We aimed to determine the age-specific prevalence of serum antibodies for CMV in a representative age-stratified sample of unselected pregnant women from a Brazilian population. A total of 985 pregnant women, aged 12–46 years (median 24 years), were enrolled. Overall CMV seroprevalence was 97% (95% confidence interval 95·8–98·0), with age-specific (years) prevalence as follows: 12–19 (96·3%), 20–24 (97·7%), 25–29 (97·1%), and 30–46 (96·7%). CMV seroprevalence is almost universal (97%) and is found at similar levels in pregnant women of ages ranging from 12 to 46 years. Because high CMV seroprevalence is found even in women of a younger age in this population, this finding suggests that the majority of primary CMV infections occur early, in infancy or childhood. As a consequence, vaccines currently under development to prevent primary infection may not be a solution for the prevention of congenital CMV infection in this population.

scholarly journals Development and Application of a PCR-Based Method Including an Internal Control for Diagnosis of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rachel N. Jones ◽  
M. Lynne Neale ◽  
Brian Beattie ◽  
Diana Westmoreland ◽  
Julie D. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Group ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Developed World

ABSTRACT Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection in the developed world. We have designed and evaluated an assay that includes an internal control for amplification and detection of CMV DNA in amniotic fluid and neonatal urine samples. We present data on the use of this assay in the diagnosis of congenital CMV infection. A total of 145 amniotic and fetal fluid samples were examined by this assay; 83 were from healthy pregnant women and 62 were from women who were being investigated because of concerns over the pregnancy (diagnostic group). CMV DNA was detected in three amniotic fluid samples from the diagnostic group but was not detected in any samples taken from healthy pregnant women. Thirty-nine urine samples were obtained from 19 neonates with suspected congenital infection; CMV DNA was detected in urine from 6 of these patients. The assay provides useful information about CMV infection in the fetus and the neonate; when used in conjunction with other diagnostic tools it will enable mothers and obstetricians to make informed decisions about the management of pregnancies complicated by CMV infection.

Symptoms of Anxiety During Pregnancy and Metabolism: A Pilot Metabolomics Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S169-S169
Author(s):  
E. Toffol ◽  
A.P. Elomaa ◽  
V. Glover ◽  
P. Kivimäki ◽  
M. Pasanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Metabolic Alterations

IntroductionAnxiety symptoms are frequent during pregnancy, and they adversely affect pregnancy outcomes and offspring development. The underlying biological mechanisms are not known, but may in part be explained by alterations in certain maternal metabolic pathways. No metabolomic studies have investigated possible metabolic alterations in anxious pregnant women.ObjectiveThis pilot study compared the metabolic profiles of anxious and non-anxious pregnant women using a mass spectrometry-based quantitative metabolomics system.MethodsCases were 20 participants of the Kuopio birth cohort study (www.kubico.fi) with first and third trimester symptoms of anxiety (Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, anxiety subscale – EPDS-3A ≥ 4), but no depression (EPDS ≤ 12). Controls were 20 participants with low anxiety (EPDS–3A ≤ 3) and depression (total EPDS ≤ 9) in both the first and third trimester. Maternal metabolic profiles were analyzed from serum samples drawn when the mothers arrived at the delivery hospital.ResultsMetabolic pathway analyses revealed significant enrichment in the glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (P = 0.046), as well as in the betaine (P = 0.048) metabolism pathways. Homocysteine was the only metabolite to significantly differentiate between cases and controls (VIP score 3.3), with lower concentrations in cases (P = 0.003) even when excluding non-users of folic acid supplementation (n = 5; P = 0.002), C-sections (n = 5; P = 0.013), or samples taken immediately postpartum (n = 2; P = 0.004). No other metabolites significantly differed between the groups.ConclusionsPhysiological adaptation induced by pregnancy, which may have homogenized the study populations, could explain the only minor metabolic differences between the two groups. Further research in larger samples, comparing metabolic alterations in umbilical cord blood and maternal blood is warranted.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Congenital Infections

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yushiro Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Congenital Infections ◽  
Almost All

Congenital infections are designated frequently by the term ‘‘TORCH syndrome’’ (toxoplasmosis, other infections/pathogens [i.e., syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus], rubella, cytomegalovirus [CMV], and herpes simplex). Most of the patients are asymptomatic in the neonatal period, although the neonatal neurological symptoms that do occur are quite dramatic. Infants with congenital infections are at high risk for developmental disabilities (Stagno and Britt 2006; Volpe 2000). The infection may not be apparent immediately after birth, but may manifest with signs of disease weeks, months, or years later, such as seen in chorioretinitis of Toxoplasma gondii. Because of this increased neurodevelopmental risk, these infections require comprehensive, longitudinal follow-up that should begin in the neonatal period and continue through adolescence (Willamson 1994). In this chapter, I review the pathophysiology, neurological manifestations, and imaging of congenital infections by CMV, rubella virus, and Toxoplasma gondii briefly followed by their cognitive and behavioral manifestations. Cytomegalovirus is the leading cause of congenital infection in the United States and northwestern Europe (Istas et al. 1995). Neonatal signs of intrauterine CMV infection include hepatosplenomegaly, petechial rash (usually related to thrombocytopenia), small-for-gestational-age infant, hyperbilirubinemia, microcephaly, and chorioretinitis. Ten to 15% of neonates with asymptomatic congenital CMV infection and almost all neonates with symptomatic infection develop persistent problems, most commonly neurological impairment. Cytomegalovirus can be transmitted from mother to fetus anytime during gestation through the placenta. It is most likely to cause serious harm to the fetus when the mother has a primary CMV infection during pregnancy. Primary CMV infections are reported in 1%–4% of seronegative women during pregnancy, and the risk for viral transmission to the fetus is 30%–40%. Reactivation of the infection during pregnancy is reported in 10%–30% of seropositive women, and the risk of transmitting the virus is about 1%–3% (Stagno and Britt 2006). The pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) infection by CMV in the developing fetus remains poorly understood because of the lack of autopsy cases and well-developed animal models.

scholarly journals Birth Prevalence of Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a cohort of pregnant women in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Munira Jahan ◽  
Nahida Sultana ◽  
Ridwana Asma ◽  
Shahina Tabassum ◽  
Md. Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Cmv Reactivation ◽  
Congenital Cmv

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a frequent cause of congenital infection in humans in all regions of the world. In contrast to most congenital viral infections, congenital CMV infection and disease have been consistently demonstrated in populations with a high seroprevalence. Three hundred pregnant women were studied prospectively in their 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester to determine the seroprevalence and seroconversion of CMV in pregnancy. After birth, babies were also tested for anti CMV IgM to determine the rate of birth prevalence. Anti CMV IgG and IgM tests were performed by chemiluminescence methods. All 300 (100%) pregnant women were anti CMV IgG positive and 180 (60%) were subsequently anti CMV IgM positive during different trimesters of pregnancy. Birth prevalence of CMV IgM antibody was 1.3% among babies of anti CMV IgM positive mothers whereas none in CMV IgM negative mothers (OR 1.01, 95% CI .996-1.027).It may be concluded that CMV IgG seroprevalence is high among Bangladeshi pregnant women and the rate of CMV reactivation is also high during pregnancy. Despite protection by maternal immunity a certain percent of babies acquire congenital CMV infection.

scholarly journals Transplacental Transfer of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin D. Flannery ◽  
Sigrid Gouma ◽  
Miren B. Dhudasia ◽  
Sagori Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Madeline R. Pfeifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Transplacental Transfer ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractWe measured SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in serum samples from 1,471 mother/newborn dyads and found efficient transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in 72 of 83 seropositive pregnant women. Transfer ratios >1.0 were observed among women with an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as those with mild, moderate and severe COVID-19. Our findings demonstrate the potential for maternally-derived antibodies to provide neonatal protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Abbott AxSYM Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Assay in Conjunction with Other CMV IgM Tests and a CMV IgG Avidity Assay

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lazzarotto ◽  
C. Galli ◽  
R. Pulvirenti ◽  
R. Rescaldani ◽  
R. Vezzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Avidity Assay ◽  
Igg Avidity ◽  
Avidity Test ◽  
Reflex Testing ◽  
Initial Reactivity

ABSTRACT The measurement of the avidity of cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies has been shown by several investigators to be useful in identifying and excluding primary CMV infections in pregnant women. In this work, we examined the diagnostic utility of reflex testing of CMV IgM-positive specimens from pregnant women by using a CMV IgG avidity assay. The utility of this approach was directly dependent on the sensitivity of the CMV IgM assay employed during the initial screen. The higher initial reactivity rate of the AxSYM CMV IgM assay was necessary in order to detect CMV IgM in specimens containing low-avidity CMV IgG antibodies, indicative of a primary CMV infection, which other CMV IgM assays (Behring, Vidas, Captia, and Eurogenetics) fail to detect in some cases. The use of the AxSYM CMV IgM assay, followed by an avidity test, should result in more accurate diagnosis of CMV infection in pregnant women.

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