scholarly journals Widespread dispersion of the resistance element tet(B)::ISCR2 in XDR Acinetobacter baumannii isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 1574-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. VILACOBA ◽  
M. ALMUZARA ◽  
L. GULONE ◽  
G. M. TRAGLIA ◽  
S. MONTAÑA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogen ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Extreme Drug Resistance ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARYAcinetobacter baumannii is a significant nosocomial pathogen often associated with extreme drug resistance (XDR). In Argentina, isolates of A. baumannii resistant to tetracyclines have accounted for more than 40% of drug-resistant isolates in some hospitals. We have previously reported the dispersion of the tet(B) resistance element associated with the ISCR2 transposase in epidemiologically unrelated A. baumannii isolates recovered from 1983 to 2011. This study extends this surveillance to 77 recent (2009–2013) XDR A. baumannii isolates with different levels of minocycline susceptibility. Isolates were examined by a pan-PCR assay, which showed six different amplification patterns, and specific PCRs were used for the confirmation of the the ΔISCR2-tet(B)-tet(R)-ISCR2 element. The tet(B) gene was present in 66 isolates and the ISCR2 element in 68 isolates; the tet(B) gene was associated with ISCR2 in all tet(B)-positive isolates. We conclude that this element is widespread in XDR A. baumannii isolates from Argentina and could be responsible for the emergence of tetracycline resistance in recent years.

scholarly journals Extensively Drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Belonging to International Clone II from A Pet Cat with Urinary Tract Infection; The First Report from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZEESHAN TAJ ◽  
MUHAMMAD HIDAYAT RASOOL ◽  
AHMAD ALMATROUDI ◽  
MUHAMMAD SAQALEIN ◽  
MOHSIN KHURSHID
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogen ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Human Infections

The carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) has got global attention as a notorious nosocomial pathogen. This study describes a case of urinary tract infection in a 2-years old pet female cat infected with A. baumannii. The susceptibility profiling, screening for the resistance determinants, and the multilocus sequence typing was performed. The A. baumannii isolate was found to harbor the blaOXA23-like gene and corresponded to International clone II that has been widely reported to be involved in human infections. The study proposes that the pets may contribute towards the spread of clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.

Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in hospitals in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badrul Hasan ◽  
Khalida Perveen ◽  
Björn Olsen ◽  
Rabaab Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extreme Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Inhibitor Combination

The emergence of pan-resistance in bacterial pathogens poses a threat to human health. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a serious challenge, causing nosocomial infection and community-acquired outbreaks in hospitals globally, including in Pakistan. We collected 90 Acinetobacter isolates from patients with secondary or nosocomial infections from different hospitals in Pakistan and screened for carbapenem-resistant strains. Of the 90 isolates, 59 were resistant to carbapenems. Among oxacillinase -encoding genes, bla OXA-51-like was common in all isolates, including in combination with bla OXA-23-like in 14 isolates; however, bla OXA-24-like and bla OXA-58-like were completely absent. Among metallo-β-lactamase-encoding genes, only bla NDM-1 was found in one isolate, while the other three genes, bla IMP, bla VIM and bla SIM, were completely absent. None of the isolates was found to harbour the bla CTX-M gene. The isolates were also tested for susceptibilities to a panel of different antibiotics belonging to several classes. Of all the drugs tested, tigecycline was the most effective with 80 % sensitivity amongst isolates, followed by colistin with 50 % sensitivity. Three categories of resistance were found in these isolates: extreme drug resistance in 26, pan-drug resistance in 19 and multidrug resistance in 87 isolates. The isolates exhibited a high resistance to cephalosporins, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and β-lactam antibiotics, followed by tetracycline and β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitor combination, fluoroquinolone and aminoglycosides. The results show a prominent level of antibiotic-resistance phenotypes in A. baumannii and strongly suggest the need for full-scale national surveillance of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii with particular emphasis on the newly identified NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1).

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to Imipenem in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽  
Farhad B. Hashemi ◽  
Babak Pourakbari ◽  
Masoud Aziemzadeh ◽  
Abbas Bahador
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogen ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Secondary Screening

Imipenem-resistant multi-drug resistant (IR-MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii has been emerged as a morbidity successful nosocomial pathogen throughout the world. To address imipenem being yet the most effective antimicrobial agent against A. baumannii to control outbreaks and treat patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prevalence of IR-MDR A. baumannii. We systematically searched Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Iranian databases to identify studies addressing the antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii to imipenem and the frequency of MDR strains in Iran. Out of 58 articles and after a secondary screening using inclusion and exclusion criteria and on the basis of title and abstract evaluation, 51 studies were selected for analysis. The meta-analysis revealed that 55% [95% confidence interval (CI), 53.0–56.5] of A. baumannii were resistant to imipenem and 74% (95% CI, 61.3–83.9) were MDR. The MDR A. baumannii population in Iran is rapidly changing toward a growing resistance to imipenem. Our findings highlight the critical need for a comprehensive monitoring and infection control policy as well as a national susceptibility review program that evaluates IR-MDR A. baumannii isolates from various parts of Iran.

Decreased carO gene expression and OXA-type carbapenemases among extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from burn patients in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Abbasi ◽  
Hossein Goudarzi ◽  
Ali Hashemi ◽  
Alireza Salimi Chirani ◽  
Abdollah Ardebili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistance

AbstractA major challenge in the treatment of infections has been the rise of extensively drug resistance (XDR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) in Acinetobacter baumannii. The goals of this study were to determine the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility, blaOXA and carO genes among burn-isolated A. baumannii strains. In this study, 100 A. baumannii strains were isolated from burn patients and their susceptibilities to different antibiotics were determined using disc diffusion testing and broth microdilution. Presence of carO gene and OXA-type carbapenemase genes was tested by PCR and sequencing. SDS-PAGE was done to survey CarO porin and the expression level of carO gene was evaluated by Real-Time PCR. A high rate of resistance to meropenem (98%), imipenem (98%) and doripenem (98%) was detected. All tested A. baumannii strains were susceptible to colistin. The results indicated that 84.9% were XDR and 97.9% of strains were MDR. In addition, all strains bore blaOXA-51 like and blaOXA-23 like and carO genes. Nonetheless, blaOXA-58 like and blaOXA-24 like genes were harbored by 0 percent and 76 percent of strains, respectively. The relative expression levels of the carO gene ranged from 0.06 to 35.01 fold lower than that of carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii ATCC19606 and SDS – PAGE analysis of the outer membrane protein showed that all 100 isolates produced CarO. The results of current study revealed prevalence of blaOXA genes and changes in carO gene expression in carbapenem resistant A.baumannii.

Candida auris and Nosocomial Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweety Dahiya ◽  
Anil K. Chhillar ◽  
Namita Sharma ◽  
Pooja Choudhary ◽  
Aruna Punia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Sensitivity Profile

The existence of the multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogenic fungus, Candida auris came to light in 2009. This particular organism is capable of causing nosocomial infections in immunecompromised persons. This pathogen is associated with consistent candidemia with high mortality rate and presents a serious global health threat. Whole genome sequence (WGS) investigation detected powerful phylogeographic Candida auris genotypes which are specialized to particular geological areas indicating dissemination of particular genotype among provinces. Furthermore, this organism frequently exhibits multidrug-resistance and displays an unusual sensitivity profile. Identification techniques that are commercialized to test Candida auris often show inconsistent results and this misidentification leads to treatment failure which complicates the management of candidiasis. Till date, Candida auris has been progressively recorded from several countries and therefore its preventive control measures are paramount to interrupt its transmission. In this review, we discussed prevalence, biology, drug-resistance phenomena, virulence factors and management of Candida auris infections.

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