scholarly journals Molecular detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA in the lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros) guano

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (10) ◽  
pp. 1253-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Afonso ◽  
A.-C. Goydadin
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Faecal Dna ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Rhinolophus Hipposideros ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Bat Guano

AbstractAlthough bats are increasingly recognised as potential reservoir hosts of human zoonotic pathogens, bacteria in bats are still poorly studied. To investigate the DNA faecal prevalence of the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum, we sampled 23 lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros) maternity colonies located in buildings (churches, barns) in rural villages of eastern France. A total of 552 faecal samples were collected from 278 individuals. Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected in the faeces of 63 individuals (22.7%). Such high prevalence might suggest persistent infection in bats and/or a frequent consumption of insect preys carrying bacteria. Faecal DNA prevalence varied highly among colonies but was not related to the colony size. Faecal DNA prevalence was the highest in the Jura Department, where the density of ticks is known to be the highest across the study area. Because the sampled bats live in close proximity to humans, we discuss how concerning the presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA in bat guano is for humans frequenting places of worship that shelter bats. We also advocate future research to understand what a high faecal DNA prevalence in bat guano really implicates in terms of bacteria transmission.

Bats hibernating in underground shelters of Małe Pieniny mountains (the Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland)

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-350
Author(s):  
Wojciech Gubała ◽  
Bronisław Wołoszyn
Keyword(s):  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Rhinolophus Hipposideros ◽  
Outer Carpathians ◽  
Horseshoe Bat

Bats hibernating in underground shelters of Małe Pieniny mountains (the Carpathian Mountains, Southern Poland) Six bat species were observed during winter censuses in years 2005-2009: Lesser horseshoe bat, Mouse-eared bat, Daubenton's bat, Whiskered/Brandt's bat, Northern bat and Brown long-eared bat. Rhinolophus hipposideros was most numerous (67% of all bats recorded). Largest hibernaculum on Polish side of range was mine Bania w Jarmucie, with maximum 29 bats during a single control, through the years of research number of species and individuals was increasing. Rarely seen in Outer Carpathians Eptesicus nilssonii winter roost was found in Homole Ravine Reserve.

Gender-Based Violence Among HIV-Positive Women in Kazakhstan: Prevalence, Types, and Associated Risk and Protective Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 1570-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Jiwatram-Negrón ◽  
Nabila El-Bassel ◽  
Sholpan Primbetova ◽  
Assel Terlikbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Partner Gender

This article examines the prevalence and associated multilevel risk and protective factors of intimate and nonintimate partner violence among a sample of 249 HIV-positive women in Kazakhstan. We found high prevalence of both lifetime intimate partner violence (52%) and nonintimate partner violence (30%). Together, nearly 60% experienced at least one incident of violence by either an intimate or nonintimate partner (gender-based violence [GBV]). In the multivariate analyses, we found associations between several individual, interpersonal, and socio-structural risk factors and GBV. Findings provide direction for practice, policy, and future research to address the intersection of GBV and HIV in Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among adolescent squash players in the Western Cape

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Meyer ◽  
L Van Niekerk ◽  
E Prinsloo ◽  
M Steenkamp ◽  
Q Louw
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Experienced Pain ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Objective. To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries among adolescent squash players in the Western Cape. Design. A retrospective descriptive survey was conducted during the first week of May 2006. Three schools were randomly selected from a list of the top 10 schools in the Western Cape high school squash league of 2005, with 106 squash players aged 13 - 18 years participating in the study. Setting. Injury data were collected for 106 players at three schools randomly selected from a list of the top 10 schools in the Western Cape high school squash league of 2005. Interventions. An adapted structured self-administered questionnaire based on a previously validated musculoskeletal injury questionnaire was used to collect the data. Main outcome measures. The main variables investigated were prevalence, mechanism and injury site of musculoskeletal squash injuries. Results. Twenty-nine per cent of the players (N = 31) reported that they had sustained a squash injury in the 4 weeks prior to data collection. A total of 48 injuries were reported by the injured players. The most common injuries included those of the thigh (19%), shoulder (13%) and lower back (13%). Forty-two per cent of players reported no specific mechanism of injury, but experienced pain not associated with a traumatic injury only while playing squash. Conclusion. A relatively high prevalence of squash injuries was found. This preliminary study serves as a baseline for future research. Areas for further investigation were identified and this could lead to the implementation of preventive programmes and education to prevent injuries among adolescent squash players. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 19 (1) 2007: pp. 3-8

scholarly journals Autistic-Like Features in Visually Impaired Children: A Review of Literature and Directions for Future Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Molinaro ◽  
Serena Micheletti ◽  
Andrea Rossi ◽  
Filippo Gitti ◽  
Jessica Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Impression ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Current State ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Visually Impaired Children

There remains great interest in understanding the relationship between visual impairment (VI) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to the extraordinarily high prevalence of ASD in blind and visually impaired children. The broad variability across individuals and assessment methodologies have made it difficult to understand whether autistic-like symptoms shown by some children with VI might reflect the influence of the visual deficit, or represent a primary neurodevelopmental condition that occurs independently of the VI itself. In the absence of a valid methodology adapted for the visually impaired population, diagnosis of ASD in children with VI is often based on non-objective clinical impression, with inconclusive prevalence data. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge and suggest directions for future research.

Self-Directed Approaches to the Treatment of Depression

2016 ◽  
pp. 468-477
Author(s):  
Pim Cuijpers ◽  
Annet Kleiboer
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
The Common

This article examines self-directed approaches to the treatment of depression. It first considers some of the reasons why the uptake of mental health services by depressed people is low, despite the high prevalence of depressive disorders and the availability of evidence-based treatments. It then looks at the role of self-management in increasing access to evidence-based treatments for depression. It also defines what self-directed treatments are and goes on to discuss the different types of self-directed therapy, the common components of self-directed interventions for depression, Internet-based interventions for depression, and the advantages and disadvantages of self-directed interventions. Finally, it summarizes the findings from research on self-directed interventions for depression and suggests directions for future research and development in this area. Some titles of self-help books that can be used in self-directed interventions are presented.

scholarly journals A-097 The Phenomenological Experience of Posttraumatic Stress Within an Electrical Injury Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-890
Author(s):  
Obolsky M ◽  
Resch Z ◽  
Soble J ◽  
Paxton J ◽  
Fink J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electrical Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cut Score ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Stressful Experience ◽  
Ptsd Symptom Severity ◽  
Patients Experience

Abstract Objectives The symptom phenomenology of posttraumatic stress is poorly understood among electrical injury (EI) patients, despite the high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses after EI. This study explored how EI patients experience posttraumatic stress using the 3 symptom-cluster subscales from the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). Method Cross-sectional analyses measured PTSD symptom severity and frequency using the PCL-C among 19 adult EI patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation. The sample was 79% male, 68.4% Caucasian, 15.8% African American, 15.8% Hispanic, with mean age of 46.3 years (SD = 8.45) and mean education of 12.3 years (SD = 2.6). Results Mean PCL-C total score was 54.3 (SD = 12.4, range: 31–76). Fifteen participants had total scores exceeding the recommended cut-score of ≥44, indicating that they met criteria for presumptive PTSD diagnoses. On average, Cluster D (hyperarousal) symptoms were the most severe (M = 3.5/5) followed by Cluster C (avoidance/numbing) (M = 3.3/5) and Cluster B (re-experiencing) (M = 2.8/5). The most frequently endorsed symptoms were loss of pleasure (84%), sleep disturbance (84%), and difficulty concentrating (84%), which also were the most severe symptoms (M = 4.0/5; M = 3.9/5; M = 4.0/5, respectively). The two symptoms endorsed least often were repeated disturbing dreams of the stressful experience (42%) and reexperiencing the traumatic event (37%), and they were also the least severe (M = 2.6/5; M = 2.3/5, respectively). Conclusions In EI patients, general symptoms of psychological distress were more prominent than more prototypical trauma-related symptoms (e.g., re-experiencing, intrusive thoughts). Future research should examine if these symptoms of distress are unique to EI patients’ experiences of posttraumatic stress compared to other clinical populations.

scholarly journals Report from a multidisciplinary meeting on anxiety as a non-motor manifestation of Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory M. Pontone ◽  
Nadeeka Dissanayaka ◽  
Liana Apostolova ◽  
Richard G. Brown ◽  
Roseanne Dobkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Expert Meeting ◽  
Clinician Scientist

AbstractAnxiety is a severe problem for at least one-third of people living with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Anxiety appears to have a greater adverse impact on quality of life than motor impairment. Despite its high prevalence and impact on daily life, anxiety is often undiagnosed and untreated. To better address anxiety in PD, future research must improve knowledge about the mechanism of anxiety in PD and address the lack of empirical evidence from clinical trials. In response to these challenges, the Parkinson’s Foundation sponsored an expert meeting on anxiety on June 13th and 14th 2018. This paper summarizes the findings from that meeting informed by a review of the existing literature and discussions among patients, caregivers, and an international, clinician-scientist, expert panel working group. The goal is to provide recommendations to improve our understanding and treatment of anxiety in PD.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of stunting and overweight in 3-year-old black South African children residing in the Central Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramoteme L Mamabolo ◽  
Marianne Alberts ◽  
Nelia P Steyn ◽  
Henriette A Delemarre-van de Waal ◽  
Naomi S Levitt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
First Year ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Black South African ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of stunting, wasting and overweight and their determinants in 3-year-old children in the Central Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingRural villages in the Central Region of the Limpopo Province, South Africa.SubjectsOne hundred and sixty-two children who were followed from birth were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic characteristics of the children were recorded.ResultsHeight-for-age Z-scores were low, with a high prevalence of stunting (48%). The children also exhibited a high prevalence of overweight (22%) and obesity (24%). Thirty-one (19%) children were both stuntedandoverweight. Gaining more weight within the first year of life increased the risk of being overweight at 3 years by 2.39 times (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96–4.18) while having a greater length at 1 year was protective against stunting (odds ratio (OR) 0.41; 95% CI 0.17–0.97). Having a mother as a student increased the risk for stunting at 3 years by 18.21 times (95% CI 9.46–34.74) while having a working mother increased the risk for overweight by 17.87 times (95% CI 8.24–38.78). All these factors also appeared as risks or as being protective in children who were both overweight and stunted, as did living in a household having nine or more persons (OR 5.72; 95% CI 2.7–12.10).ConclusionThe results of this study highlight the importance of evaluating anthropometric status in terms of both stunting and overweight. Furthermore, it is important to realise the importance of normal length and weight being attained at 1 year of age, since these in turn predict nutritional status at 3 years of age.

scholarly journals Sleep Spindle Characteristics in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Their Relation to Cognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reut Gruber ◽  
Merrill S. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Empirical evidence indicates that sleep spindles facilitate neuroplasticity and “off-line” processing during sleep, which supports learning, memory consolidation, and intellectual performance. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) exhibit characteristics that may increase both the risk for and vulnerability to abnormal spindle generation. Despite the high prevalence of sleep problems and cognitive deficits in children with NDD, only a few studies have examined the putative association between spindle characteristics and cognitive function. This paper reviews the literature regarding sleep spindle characteristics in children with NDD and their relation to cognition in light of what is known in typically developing children and based on the available evidence regarding children with NDD. We integrate available data, identify gaps in understanding, and recommend future research directions. Collectively, studies are limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous populations with multiple comorbidities, and nonstandardized methods for collecting and analyzing findings. These limitations notwithstanding, the evidence suggests that future studies should examine associations between sleep spindle characteristics and cognitive function in children with and without NDD, and preliminary findings raise the intriguing question of whether enhancement or manipulation of sleep spindles could improve sleep-dependent memory and other aspects of cognitive function in this population.

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