scholarly journals Serological survey on Leptospira infection in slaughtered swine in North-Central Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (10) ◽  
pp. 1275-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bertelloni ◽  
B. Turchi ◽  
E. Vattiata ◽  
P. Viola ◽  
S. Pardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
North Central ◽  
North West ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Positive Animal

AbstractSwine can act as asymptomatic carriers of some Leptospira serovars. In this study, 1194 sera from 61 farms located in five different Regions of North-West Italy were collected from slaughtered healthy pigs. Presence of antibody against four Leptospira serovars was evaluated. Overall, 52.5% of analysed farms presented at least one positive animal and 34.4% presented at least one positive swine with titre ⩾1:400. A percentage of 16.6% sera was positive and 5.9% samples presented a positive titre ⩾1:400. Tuscany and Lombardy showed the highest percentage of positive farms (64.3% and 54.6%, respectively) and sera (28.5% and 13.3%, respectively), probably due to environmental conditions and potential risk factors, which promote maintenance and spreading of Leptospira in these areas. The main represented serogroups were Australis (21.3% positive farms, 8.2% positive sera) and Pomona (18.0% positive farms, 8.1% positive sera). In swine, these serogroups are the most detected worldwide; however, our results seem to highlight a reemerging of serogroup Pomona in pigs in investigated areas. A low percentage of sera (0.6%) scored positive to Canicola, leaving an open question on the role of pigs in the epidemiology of this serovar. Higher antibody titres were detected for serogroups Australis and Pomona. Swine leptospirosis is probably underestimated in Italy and could represent a potential risk for animal and human health.

In-hospital mortality after hip arthroplasty in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 101-B (10) ◽  
pp. 1209-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zeng ◽  
Nancy E. Lane ◽  
Martin Englund ◽  
Dongxing Xie ◽  
Hu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Aims There is an increasing demand for hip arthroplasty in China. We aimed to describe trends in in-hospital mortality after this procedure in China and to examine the potential risk factors. Patients and Methods We included 210 450 patients undergoing primary hip arthroplasty registered in the Hospital Quality Monitoring System in China between 2013 and 2016. In-hospital mortality after hip arthroplasty and its relation to potential risk factors were assessed using multivariable Poisson regression. Results During the study period, 626 inpatient deaths occurred within 30 days after hip arthroplasty. Mortality decreased from 2.9% in 2013 to 2.6% in 2016 (p for trend = 0.02). Compared with their counterparts, old age, male sex, and divorced or widowed patients had a higher rate of mortality (all p < 0.05). Risk ratio (RR) for mortality after arthroplasty for fracture was two-fold higher (RR 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 2.6) than that for chronic disease. RRs for mortality were 3.3 (95% CI 2.7 to 3.9) and 8.2 (95% CI 6.5 to 10.4) for patients with Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) of 1 to 2 and CCI ≥ 3, respectively, compared with patients with CCI of 0. The rate of mortality varied according to geographical region, the lowest being in the East region (1.8%), followed by Beijing (2.1%), the North (2.9%), South-West (3.6%), South-Central (3.8%), North-East (4.1%), and North-West (5.2%) regions. Conclusion While in-hospital mortality after hip arthroplasty in China appears low and declined during the study period, discrepancies in mortality after this procedure exist according to sociodemographic factors. Healthcare resources should be allocated more to underdeveloped regions to further reduce mortality. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1209–1217

scholarly journals Factors Associated with the Introduction of Mycobacterium avium spp. Paratuberculosis (MAP) into Dairy Herds in Galicia (North-West Spain): The Perception of Experts

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Villaamil ◽  
Eduardo Yus ◽  
Bibiana Benavides ◽  
Alberto Allepuz ◽  
Sebastián Jesús Moya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
North West ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Key Questions

This study aimed at quantifying expert opinions on the risk factors involved in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in dairy cattle herds. For this purpose, potential risk factors associated with the introduction of MAP into dairies were chosen based on a literature review and discussions with researchers and veterinarians. For each factor, a decision tree was developed, and key questions were included in each. Answers to these key questions led to different events within each decision tree. An expert opinion workshop was organized (following the recommendations of the OIE), and ordinal values ranging from 0 to 9 (i.e., a null to very high likelihood of infection) were assigned to each event. The potential risk factors were also incorporated into a structured questionnaire that was responded to by 93 farms where the sanitary status against MAP was known. Thereby, based on the values given by the experts and the information collected in the questionnaires, each farm was assigned a score based on their MAP entry risk. From these scores (contrast variable) and using a ROC curve, the cut-off that best discriminated MAP-positive and -negative farms was estimated. The most important risk factors for the introduction of MAP, according to expert opinions, involved purchase and grazing practices related to animals under six months of age. The scores obtained for each farm, also based on the expert opinions, allowed MAP positive/MAP negative farms to be discriminated with 68.8% sensitivity and 68.7% specificity. These data should be useful for focusing future training initiatives and improving risk-reduction strategies in the dairy industry.

Schools and the Pathway to Crime

2018 ◽  
pp. 431-453
Author(s):  
Debra J. Pepler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Classroom Organization ◽  
Vulnerable Youth ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Troubled Youth ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Relationship Processes

This chapter focuses on the role of schools in the pathway to crime. It highlights research that points to the importance of relationships in development, reviews theoretical perspectives of relationships and the development of delinquency, and considers school violence. Next, the chapter focuses on the importance of school connections and relationships, with a consideration of engagement and bonding with school, failing academic performance, and dropout rates. School and classroom organization as well as relationships with teachers and with peers are identified as potential risk factors that further alienate troubled youth. Conversely, if these systemic and relationship processes are positive, they can mitigate the risk of moving along the pathway to crime. To conclude, the chapter revisits the theory and research, with a call to identify and intervene with the most vulnerable youth and leading to a discussion of implications for programming and policy.

The role of farm operational and rural environments as potential risk factors for pediatric asthma in rural Saskatchewan

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 842-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Barry ◽  
William Pickett ◽  
Donna C. Rennie ◽  
James A. Dosman ◽  
Punam Pahwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Pediatric Asthma ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

scholarly journals Type specimens matter: new insights on the systematics, taxonomy and nomenclature of the subalpine warbler (Sylvia cantillans) complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-341
Author(s):  
Dario Zuccon ◽  
Jean-Marc Pons ◽  
Giovanni Boano ◽  
Giorgio Chiozzi ◽  
Anita Gamauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
North Central ◽  
North West ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Extreme North

Abstract We revise the taxonomy of the Sylvia cantillans complex, a group of phenotypically distinct warblers with mainly parapatric distributions around a large part of the Mediterranean basin. We redefine the species limits using a combination of mitochondrial and nuclear markers and we objectively link available names to the genetically defined lineages by genotyping the surviving type specimens. In addition, the study of archival documents clarifies the exact composition of type series and provides further evidence for the identification of lost types. These results support the recognition of three species-level taxa: Moltoni’s warbler, Sylvia subalpina (north-central Italy, Corsica, Sardinia and the Balearics); the western subalpine warbler, S. iberiae (North Africa, Iberia, southern France and extreme north-west Italy); and the eastern subalpine warbler, S. cantillans, with subspecies S. cantillans cantillans (southern Italy, Sicily) and S. cantillans albistriata (Balkans, Greece, western Turkey).

scholarly journals Lessons from History: Association of Porphyromonas Gingivalis (a Major Periodontopathic Bacteria) in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Carnio DDS ◽  
Anna Tereza Carnio
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Preventive Dental Care ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a fatal neurodegenerative condition that affects the elderly, is a serious health problem for geriatric subjects worldwide. AD incidence increases significantly with age. It is almost 50% common in 85 -yearolds. [1] AD prevalence will rise as the population grows older and lives spans increase. It is estimated that around 14 million people will be affected by AD in the next 50 years. Switching to newer treatments can help reduce the incidence of AD. These treatment options can be effective against potential risk factors and delay the onset. What is the role of periodontitis in Alzheimer’s disease? This work aims to do a systematic, integrative review on published literature to evaluate if there is a link between Porphyromonas gumivalis (P. gingivalis), and Alzheimer’s. Part of (?) Part of (?) P. gingivalis could serve as a therapeutic target for patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. It also help s to reduce the severity and incidence of the condition. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease could benefit from preventive dental care and the inhibition of neurotoxicity by P. gingivalis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document