Value and Agent-Relative Reasons

Utilitas ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McNaughton ◽  
Piers Rawling
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Value ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Right

In recent years the distinction between agent-relative and agent-neutral reasons has been taken by many to play a key role in distinguishing deontology from consequentialism. It is central to all universalist consequentialist theories that value is determined impersonally; the real value of any state of affairs does not depend on the point of view of the agent. No reference, therefore, to the agent or to his or her position in the world need enter into a consequentialist understanding of what makes an action right or wrong or morally permissible. Consequentialism thus provides an agent-neutral account of both the right and the good.

Edward C. Thaden, with the collaboration of Marianna Forster Thaden, Russia's Western Borderlands, 1710-1870. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1984. Pp. 278.

2004 ◽  
pp. 339-339
Author(s):  
L. R. Lewitter
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
International Power ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Right

This chapter evaluates Edward C. Thaden's Russia's Western Borderlands, 1710–1870 (1984). The territories in question are Finland, Estonia, Livonia, Courland, Lithuania, White Russia, the right bank Ukraine and the Kingdom of Poland. The fate of the areas whose eastern portion had been the ‘borderlands of Western civilization’ is all too familiar: annexation, attempts at integration with the Empire, Russification fiercely resisted by the Poles, repeated insurrections, a recurrent state of crisis marked by the frequent imposition of martial law, economic stagnation (except for the Kingdom) or plain backwardness, and undue delay in the emancipation of the peasantry. All this was due to the state of affairs which Polish lethargy, Russian expansionism, and international power politics had engendered in the latter part of the 18th century to the subsequent detriment in varying degrees of Russians, White Russians, Lithuanians, Poles and Jews. Such advantages as may have accrued to sectional interests, the bureaucracy and the official Church for example, are not clearly shown. The ease and empathy with which the authors of this piece of administrative history adopt a Russocentric, indeed Petropolitan point of view and enter into the rigid and narrow frame of mind of tsarist officialdom is both astonishing and disturbing.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF THE INTRINSIC ELEMENTS AND MORAL VALUES IN TETSUKO KUROYANAGI'S NOVEL "TOTTO CHAN: THE LITTLE GIRL AT THE WINDOW"

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Ardayati Ardayati ◽  
Asih Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World War ◽  
Real Form ◽  
The Real ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The objectives of this research were to find out the intrinsic elements and the moral values in Totto Chan: the Little Girl at the Window novel. This research employed descriptive qualitative as the method. The data were collected by using library research. Intrinsic elements involved theme, character and characterization, plot, setting and point of view. Moral values in this novel were honesty, willingness to take responsibilities, independence and humility. Research result showed that the education was applied well in Tomoe Gakuen. Tomoe Gakuen was the real form of a wanted dream school. Mr. Kobayashi asthe headmaster managed to create his dream school in Japan, even in the World War II period.

scholarly journals Grundtvig i dag

1985 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
William Michelsen
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Biblical Poetry ◽  
Sharp Distinction ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

Grundtvig TodayThe Land of the Living, 1984. Edited by Flemming Ettrup and Johannes H. Christensen.Reviewed by William MichelsenThe main content of this book is a series of lectures given at Skovshoved Church in Copenhagen in 1983. It is published by the Danish Library Society and contains important contributions to the current debate on Grundtvig. This is particularly true of the three lectures by the three professors, Christian Thodberg, Leif Grane and Aage Henriksen. Thodberg discovers the background for the poem The Land of the Living in Grundtvig’s sermons and biblical poetry. Leif Grane applies a present-day theological point of view to defend Grundtvig’s standpoint in The Church’s Retort (Kirkens Gienm.le), while Aage Henriksen maintains that Grundtvig himself cannot be bounded by the world of ideas represented by the Church. He is answered by Ejvind Larsen, and adds a “preliminary” reply himself.The reviewer points out that Aage Henriksen’s lecture was also given in a Danish church, and that the Danish Church is more open than most, thanks not least to Grundtvig’s great contribution to Church freedom from 1832 onwards. His greatness lies in the fact that at one and the same time he maintained the sharp distinction between Christianity and non-Christianity and the right for people of a different persuasion to speak with the same freedom as he himself and every other Christian.

scholarly journals Linking academia and the ‘real world’ in International Relations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Cottey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Real World ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
The Real ◽  
Work Placement ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

This talk will reflect on the challenges of linking academic programmes and teaching, on the one hand, with the policy-makers and practitioners, on the other, with particular reference to the discipline of international relations (which focuses on relations between states, international organisations and global political and socio-economic dynamics). The talk will draw on experience from University College Cork’s Department of Government and Politics, which has an extensive, market-leading work placement programme, and from UCC’s MSc International Public Policy and Diplomacy, which is a new model of international relations masters seeking to bridge academia and the world of policy. Our experience shows that it is possible to link academia and the world of policy and practitioners, but that it is not easy, even in an apparently very policy-oriented discipline, and that it involves significant challenges. The talk will highlight a number of challenges involved in linking the academic study of international relations with the ‘real world’ of international politics: bridging academia and policy/practitioners is not easy in the disciplines of political science and international relations – the two have different needs and, often, different languages; the development and maintenance of work placements and other elements of engagement with policymakers and practitioners involves very significant workload and needs to be properly supported in terms of staffing and infrastructure; and in politics and international relations, the skill sets which policy-makers and practitioners need often differ from those that universities normally provide. Finding the ‘right’ balance between academic disciplinary requirements/standards and the needs of employers is a difficult task.

scholarly journals STATEHOOD OF RUSSIA 1917. - 2017: FACTS AND PARALLELS

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
D. V. Alontseva
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Radical Transformation

The article is devoted to the consideration of such a phenomenon as a revolution in the development of Russian statehood. The main purpose of the article is to reflect on the historical parallels of a revolution, regular shifts in the resultant political changes in the country, and the transformation of Russia’s role in the world arena. So it happened, but the statehood of Russia was built on revolutions and coups. From a historical point of view, the revolutionary actions of 1917, which brought about the collapse of Russian capitalism, are a result of the domestic political situation in Russia in those years. Such a radical transformation as a revolution is always accompanied by an uncontrolled and at the same time rapid reorientation of the entire course of the country and, hence, the predetermination of its future for the years to come. The social strata, and sometimes even whole estates, which to some extent did not suit the state of affairs within the country has always been the driving force of the revolution. The spirit of rebelliousness and emotional upheaval for his Fatherland in the years of hardships has always been in the nature of a Russian person. Any state like a structure has a critical safety margin. Russia with its rich heritage and diverse internal political currents will always be at risk of a revolution. Careful attention should be paid to the obsolescence of state structures, which, in view of their strategic importance, must be preserved. It is necessary not only to preserve the unshakable, but also to improve from considerations of temporary changes the institutions of social assistance, electivity, democracy, family values, freedom of opinions, personal inviolability, etc.

scholarly journals Histórias em quadrinhos na sala de aula: leitura de mundos

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (25) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Altair Pivovar
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Real ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Full Life ◽  
Teaching Learning

  RESUMO Assentado no pressuposto de que o ser humano se vê na contingência incessante de decidir como agir satisfatoriamente nos multifacetados espaços pelos quais se vê obrigado a circular, defende-se neste texto que a leitura se dá sempre a partir do ambiente em que o indivíduo se encontra, já que as condições do entorno são essenciais para que uma reação adequada à manutenção de sua existência possa ser tomada. Na esteira dessa compreensão, o texto procura demonstrar de que forma a sala de aula, por ter se tornado um ambiente repetitivo e que não dá condições ao sujeito de reagir ao meio, teria perdido o potencial para desenvolver a capacidade leitora das crianças, jovens e adultos que a frequentam. O texto propõe então que histórias em quadrinhos, desde que o trabalho não fique restrito às publicações oriundas da comunicação de massa, podem cumprir essa finalidade, proporcionando aos alunos o contato com obras que ofereçam sempre novos modos de organização do espaço ficcional, chamados de “protocolos de leitura”, que fazem as vezes da chamada leitura de mundo.     Palavras-chave: Leitura. Histórias em quadrinhos. Ensino-aprendizagem.     ABSTRACT   Supposing human beings constantly have to make expected decisions according to social conventions, the following paper is based on the idea that reading must reflect the environment where one lives since the contradictions of such environment are essential for a full life. Thus, it tries to show how classroom activities, as they have become repetitive and do not offer one the conditions to interact with the real world, have lost the potential to develop students’ reading capacity. It suggests that comic books, since the activity is not constrained to popular publications, can show students a new fictional point of view called “reading protocol”, which can be seen as a way of reading the world.     Keywords: Reading. Comic books. Teaching-learning.

scholarly journals Conventional versus Ritual Slaughter–Ethical Aspects and Meat Quality

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Jagoda Żurek ◽  
Mariusz Rudy ◽  
Magdalena Kachel ◽  
Stanisław Rudy
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Liberal Rights ◽  
Slaughter Method ◽  
The Right

Social pressure on increased protection and welfare of animals results mainly from the initiative of people living in the urbanized parts of the world. The respect for the right to freedom of religion, which is indisputably one of the fundamental liberal rights, must be taken into account. The right to freedom to religion also includes the right to follow a religion’s dietary recommendations. The aim of the literature analysis was to systematize the knowledge on the ethical aspects and quality of meat obtained from carcasses of animals subjected to conventional and ritual slaughter. Consistent with the importance of ritual slaughter for humans of two major faiths (Islam and Judaism), it is important that scientists be objective when evaluating these practices from an animal welfare and meat quality point of view. To evaluate the welfare of the slaughtered animal, it is necessary to openly discuss ritual slaughter and the improvement of its methods. The quality of meat and the degree of bleeding of animals do not always correlate with the ritual slaughter method used.

What Makes Metaphors Manipulative Tools?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Jamet ◽  
Adeline Terry
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Roe V Wade ◽  
Pro Life ◽  
Life Movement

Manipulation implies a conscious choice from speakers to trigger a change of opinion in the interlocutors and to make them accept their own point of view, i.e. their own vision of the world. As pointed out by Goatly [2007], Charteris-Black [2005, 2014] or Van Dijk [1998], metaphors can be used as manipulative tools. Metaphors have traditionally been considered as figures of speech used by rhetoricians to convince crowds; cognitivists have demonstrated that they are figures of thought as well, which partly accounts for their manipulative potential. The three underlying reasons to this are, among others, the highlighting-hiding process, the existence of asymmetrical metaphors, and the multivalency of metaphors. The manipulative potential of metaphors is examined in twelve speeches from pro-life supporters, ranging from 2006 to 2019. One of the main ideological debates going on in the US has been on abortion, as the pro-life movement has grown stronger in recent years and has been threatening the right to abortion guaranteed by Roe v. Wade. The study of the metaphors in those speeches has enabled us to highlight how pro-lifers manipulate people regarding the apprehension of reality by systematically using a limited number of conceptualizations.

scholarly journals SISTER OF THE TYPE: THE FEMINIST COLLECTIVE IN GRANT ALLEN'S THE TYPE-WRITER GIRL

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-244
Author(s):  
S. Brooke Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
First Person ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Real ◽  
True Story ◽  
Short Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Narrative Subject

Grant Allen's short novelThe Type-Writer Girl (1897) opens with a problem. In the first lines we are introduced to our narrator who, we are promptly told, is unemployed: “I was twenty-two and without employment. I would not say by this that I was without occupation. In the world in which we live, set with daisies and kingfishers and undeciphered faces of men and women, I doubt I could be at a loss for something to occupy me” (23; ch. 1). As the second half of this quotation suggests, our narrator is confident that this problem of employment is quite easy to solve, for all around is a world teeming with life, and as we learn by the start of the next paragraph, our narrator does indeed have an occupation, something to fill his/her time. Our narrator is a storyteller: “I cannot choose but wonder who each is, and why he is here. For one after another I invent a story. It may not be the true story, but at least it amuses me” (23; ch. 1). So the real problem, beyond the question of employment, emerges as a question of narrative subject. Who is this narrator, the subject of this first-person story? We do not even know if our narrator is male or female. It is as if he/she is lost amidst that sea of “undeciphered faces of men and women.” Connected to this problem of subject is also the question of form. The first-person point of view would suggest an autobiographical narrative. Yet any expectations of an autobiographical account are immediately undermined in chapter two when we learn that our narrator is named “Juliet Appleton.” This narrative subject does not match the novel's signed author, “Olive Pratt Rayner.” So we are again left with questions: what kind of narrative is this, who is the real subject of this story, what is the form of this narrative, and does our narrator find employment?

scholarly journals عالمی منشور برائے انسانی حقوق 1948ء کی روشنی میں اسلام کے تصورِ غلامی پر اعتراض کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Al-Duhaa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Dr. Burhan Uddin ◽  
Arsala Khan ◽  
Abdur Rahim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Very Old ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

The history of slavery is very old. In which three types are very famous. Sell a freelance person, making slavery to a person resulting in a loss, and the prisoners arrested in the war were enslaved. Islam eliminated the first two types and the third case as an option left. On December 10th, 1948 UN passed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which includes the right to human rights with other rights. Any type of slavery was prohibited. In the light of this universal charter, objections to Islam's concept of slavery began to be raised. What is the validity of the objections in the light of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948  raised against the Islamic concept of slavery? the methodology adopted for this research is to examine the contents of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights from an Islamic point of view. In the same way, a true Islamic, rational and logical examination of the concept of slavery of Islam has been presented. There is also a wise law about slaves in the universal system that Islam has given to the world. Slavery in the name is left, otherwise, all their rights are in no way less than free human beings.   In case of any kind of abuse, they could have approached the Islamic court and got justice.

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