What Makes Metaphors Manipulative Tools?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Jamet ◽  
Adeline Terry
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Roe V Wade ◽  
Pro Life ◽  
Life Movement

Manipulation implies a conscious choice from speakers to trigger a change of opinion in the interlocutors and to make them accept their own point of view, i.e. their own vision of the world. As pointed out by Goatly [2007], Charteris-Black [2005, 2014] or Van Dijk [1998], metaphors can be used as manipulative tools. Metaphors have traditionally been considered as figures of speech used by rhetoricians to convince crowds; cognitivists have demonstrated that they are figures of thought as well, which partly accounts for their manipulative potential. The three underlying reasons to this are, among others, the highlighting-hiding process, the existence of asymmetrical metaphors, and the multivalency of metaphors. The manipulative potential of metaphors is examined in twelve speeches from pro-life supporters, ranging from 2006 to 2019. One of the main ideological debates going on in the US has been on abortion, as the pro-life movement has grown stronger in recent years and has been threatening the right to abortion guaranteed by Roe v. Wade. The study of the metaphors in those speeches has enabled us to highlight how pro-lifers manipulate people regarding the apprehension of reality by systematically using a limited number of conceptualizations.

scholarly journals Politics and the Craft of War in Sam Shepard’s States of Shock

لارك ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Sanaa Lazim Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
New Historicism ◽  
Controversial Subject ◽  
Sam Shepard ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

Sam Shepard is one of the controversial modern American playwrights who wrote about issues that are concerned with the individual in America rather than the institution In his theatre, the audience expects to see everything that concerns itself with the western culture and ignores that which is global. He is very much interested in the inner landscape of America rather than its position as the leader of the world. Thus, in his drama he preaches such ideology urging the US Administration to focus the attention on the American welfare. The research attempts an analysis on his play The States of Shock using the New Historicism approach through studying the writer’s point of view concerning the craft of war. Modern politics has been very influential on both the social as well as the literary scene. Wars, whether launched or were only loomed at, has been considered the most controversial subject about which plays, poems, and books were written. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, writers

Value and Agent-Relative Reasons

Utilitas ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McNaughton ◽  
Piers Rawling
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Value ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Right

In recent years the distinction between agent-relative and agent-neutral reasons has been taken by many to play a key role in distinguishing deontology from consequentialism. It is central to all universalist consequentialist theories that value is determined impersonally; the real value of any state of affairs does not depend on the point of view of the agent. No reference, therefore, to the agent or to his or her position in the world need enter into a consequentialist understanding of what makes an action right or wrong or morally permissible. Consequentialism thus provides an agent-neutral account of both the right and the good.

scholarly journals The Concept of Multipolarity: Diversity of Approaches and Interpretations

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-445
Author(s):  
Vladislav S. Soluianov
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
International System ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

The author regards multipolarity as a question open for discussion, the variety of answers to which contribute not only to the comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon, but also to the perception of processes taking place in the world politics. The content of the multipolarity concept is revealed through the perspectives of realism, neorealism, civilizational approach, regional approach, liberalism, and constructivism. From the realism perspective, multipolarity can be considered as an objective reflection of the world development. The foundation of multipolarity consists in the growth of economic, military, and political potential of non-Western powers and the weakening of the US position as a global leader. Neorealism views multipolarity as a property of the international system which affects the behavior of states. The civilizational approach focuses on identifying civilizations as new actors and centers of power on the world stage. The regional approach highlights the importance of the increasing regionalization processes and creation of regional integration systems, which contribute to the formation of multipolarity in the context of the rise of regional powers and weakening of the USs world position. Liberalism seeks to assess the impact of multipolarity on the stability and security of the international system. Along with the predictable attitude to multipolarity as a threat to peace and security, there is another more optimistic point of view. Constructivism regards multipolarity as a foreign policy discourse and a project of several states, primarily Russia. The results allow to see multipolarity from different perspectives and develop a more comprehensive and objective understanding of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Grundtvig i dag

1985 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
William Michelsen
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Biblical Poetry ◽  
Sharp Distinction ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

Grundtvig TodayThe Land of the Living, 1984. Edited by Flemming Ettrup and Johannes H. Christensen.Reviewed by William MichelsenThe main content of this book is a series of lectures given at Skovshoved Church in Copenhagen in 1983. It is published by the Danish Library Society and contains important contributions to the current debate on Grundtvig. This is particularly true of the three lectures by the three professors, Christian Thodberg, Leif Grane and Aage Henriksen. Thodberg discovers the background for the poem The Land of the Living in Grundtvig’s sermons and biblical poetry. Leif Grane applies a present-day theological point of view to defend Grundtvig’s standpoint in The Church’s Retort (Kirkens Gienm.le), while Aage Henriksen maintains that Grundtvig himself cannot be bounded by the world of ideas represented by the Church. He is answered by Ejvind Larsen, and adds a “preliminary” reply himself.The reviewer points out that Aage Henriksen’s lecture was also given in a Danish church, and that the Danish Church is more open than most, thanks not least to Grundtvig’s great contribution to Church freedom from 1832 onwards. His greatness lies in the fact that at one and the same time he maintained the sharp distinction between Christianity and non-Christianity and the right for people of a different persuasion to speak with the same freedom as he himself and every other Christian.

scholarly journals Conventional versus Ritual Slaughter–Ethical Aspects and Meat Quality

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Jagoda Żurek ◽  
Mariusz Rudy ◽  
Magdalena Kachel ◽  
Stanisław Rudy
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Liberal Rights ◽  
Slaughter Method ◽  
The Right

Social pressure on increased protection and welfare of animals results mainly from the initiative of people living in the urbanized parts of the world. The respect for the right to freedom of religion, which is indisputably one of the fundamental liberal rights, must be taken into account. The right to freedom to religion also includes the right to follow a religion’s dietary recommendations. The aim of the literature analysis was to systematize the knowledge on the ethical aspects and quality of meat obtained from carcasses of animals subjected to conventional and ritual slaughter. Consistent with the importance of ritual slaughter for humans of two major faiths (Islam and Judaism), it is important that scientists be objective when evaluating these practices from an animal welfare and meat quality point of view. To evaluate the welfare of the slaughtered animal, it is necessary to openly discuss ritual slaughter and the improvement of its methods. The quality of meat and the degree of bleeding of animals do not always correlate with the ritual slaughter method used.

Trump, Sanders, and the Essential Contest Over “Populism”

2022 ◽  
pp. 49-72
Author(s):  
Matthew Charles Edwards
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Right

Twenty-first century politics has been marked by breaks with tradition across large areas of the world. Allegiances have broken down, and surprising results have occurred: the Brexit vote; the rise of movements of the left in Greece and the right in France, Austria, and Germany; and the success or near-success of outsider candidates. Much of this has been labeled ‘populist'. But, by itself, this explains little. The term is complex, contested, and possibly confused. This dissertation sets out why this is so, clarifies some of the competing elements within the various conceptions, and explores some of the reasons that may underlie dispute. It applies these ideas to reports and assessments of the electoral campaigns waged by Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders for the US presidency, concluding on the utility of different conceptualisations of ‘populism'.

scholarly journals The Politics of ‘Dolphin-Safe’ Tuna in the United States: Policy Change and Reversal, Lock-in and Adjustment to International Constraints (1984–2017)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
RODRIGO FAGUNDES CEZAR
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lock In ◽  
Tracing Method

AbstractRecently, the World Trade Organization (WTO) granted Mexico the right to retaliate against the US as a compensation for losses related to the US ‘dolphin-safe’ label (May 2017). Despite the diversity of works on the issue, few analyze the changes in the US approach to dolphin protection as a result of international and domestic pressures related to the tuna–dolphin controversy. This paper seeks to understand such changes and their consequences using the process tracing method. It shows that (1) the US approach to dolphin protection passed through a process of policy change motivated by trade and diplomatic concerns mediating dolphin protection, and that (2) it was partially reversed in court as an outcome of the concessions offered to get the policy change approved. Finally, the paper argues that (3) this process led to the lock-in of the US ‘dolphin-safe’ label and to its expansion in response to recent WTO decisions.

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