Measuring ecosystem response in a rapidly changing environment: the Latitudinal Gradient Project

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Howard-Williams ◽  
D. Peterson ◽  
W.B. Lyons ◽  
R. Cattaneo-Vietti ◽  
S. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Climate Variability And Change ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Ecosystem Studies ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Key Questions

In the face of climate variability and change, science in Antarctica needs to address increasingly complex questions. Individual small studies are being replaced by multinational and multidisciplinary research programmes. The Latitudinal Gradient Project (LGP) is one such approach that combines a series of smaller studies under a single broad hypothesis to provide information that uses a gradient in latitude as a surrogate for environmental gradients, particularly climate. In this way latitudinal differences can be used to indicate climate change differences. The Key Questions for the LGP were developed via national workshops in Italy, New Zealand, and the USA and via two international workshops at SCAR conferences. Science and logistics are currently jointly shared by New Zealand, Italy and the USA, and cover marine and inland ecosystem studies along the Victoria Land coast from 72° to 78°S with plans for extensions to 85°S. The LGP forms part of the SCAR Programme Evolution and Biodiversity in Antarctica. This Special Issue summarizes some of the work in the first three years of the LGP (2002–2005), between McMurdo Sound and Cape Hallett, to form a basis for future comparative studies as the research shifts along the latitudinal span in the next decade.

An Immigrant Filmmaker Substitutes an Alternative Vision of Adolescence: The Scarecrow (Sam Pillsbury, 1982)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fox
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cinematic Adaptation ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Genre Film

By comparing Sam Pillsbury’s cinematic adaptation of Ronald Hugh Morrieson’s The Scarecrow (1963) with the original, this chapter shows how the filmmaker, who was raised in the USA and immigrated to New Zealand in his teens, empties the source novel of the moral ambiguities and transgressive elements that had made the original a genuinely New Zealand work, in so far as it reflected puritan guilt over transgressive impulses in the face of repression, and thus turned the story into a genre film that that is much more anodyne in its vision.

Two genetic and ecological groups of Nostoc commune in Victoria Land, Antarctica, revealed by AFLP analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil M. Novis ◽  
Rob D. Smissen
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Nostoc Commune ◽  
Phylogeographic Pattern ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Intensive Sampling

Microscopy, DNA sequencing, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were used to examine variation within Nostoc commune from collections between 72 and 78°S in Victoria Land, Antarctica. Although there is considerable bias of collected material towards southern latitudes, and this material varies greatly in age (collected between 1984 and 2004), an important new phylogeographic pattern was found. DNA sequencing of the tRNAleu(UAA) region, used recently to define form species N. commune, revealed little variation between collections. AFLP analysis, however, split the collected material according to habitat (irrigated soil communities versus ponds), rather than latitude. These results suggest that environmental factors linked to latitude are not the greatest drivers of genetic variation in Victoria Land. These may operate at a lower level but would require intensive sampling within narrowly defined habitat types at a range of latitudes to uncover. We advocate extensive sampling across local environmental gradients based on water availability, comparative culturing, and development of sequence characterised amplified regions (SCARs) across a range of latitudes in future seasons of the Latitudinal Gradient Project.

The Influence of the Infomercial in New Zealand

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Rosser Johnson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
As If

New Zealand television networks introduced infomercials (30 minute advertisements designed to appear as if they are programmes) in late 1993. Although infomercials date from the 1950s in the USA, they were unknown in this country and quickly came to be seen as a peculiarly “intense” form of hyper-commercial broadcasting. This article aims to sketch out the cultural importance of the infomercial by analysing historical published primary sources (from the specialist and general press) as they reflect the views and opinions that resulted from the introduction of the infomercial. Specifically, it outlines the three main areas where that cultural importance was located. It concludes by analysing the significance of the cultural impact of the infomercial, both within broadcasting and within wider society.

The vegetation of roadside verges with respect to environmental gradients in southern New Zealand

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isolde Ullmann ◽  
Peter Bannister ◽  
J. Bastow Wilson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Roadside Verges

MS prevalence in New Zealand, an ethnically and latitudinally diverse country

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 1422-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce V Taylor ◽  
John F Pearson ◽  
Glynnis Clarke ◽  
Deborah F Mason ◽  
David A Abernethy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Population ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The North ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria

Background: The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not uniform, with a latitudinal gradient of prevalence present in most studies. Understanding the drivers of this gradient may allow a better understanding of the environmental factors involved in MS pathogenesis. Method: The New Zealand national MS prevalence study (NZMSPS) is a cross-sectional study of people with definite MS (DMS) (McDonald criteria 2005) resident in New Zealand on census night, 7 March 2006, utilizing multiple sources of notification. Capture—recapture analysis (CRA) was used to estimate missing cases. Results: Of 2917 people with DMS identified, the crude prevalence was 72.4 per 100,000 population, and 73.1 per 100,000 when age-standardized to the European population. CRA estimated that 96.7% of cases were identified. A latitudinal gradient was seen with MS prevalence increasing three-fold from the North (35°S) to the South (48°S). The gradient was non-uniform; females with relapsing—remitting/secondary-progressive (RRMS/SPMS) disease have a gradient 11 times greater than males with primary-progressive MS ( p < 1 × 10-7). DMS was significantly less common among those of Māori ethnicity. Conclusions: This study confirms the presence of a robust latitudinal gradient of MS prevalence in New Zealand. This gradient is largely driven by European females with the RRMS/SPMS phenotype. These results indicate that the environmental factors that underlie the latitudinal gradient act differentially by gender, ethnicity and MS phenotype. A better understanding of these factors may allow more targeted MS therapies aimed at modifiable environmental triggers at the population level.

‘To unite as one’: resisting slum clearance in Freemans Bay, 1951–1968

Race & Class ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-72
Author(s):  
Cybèle Locke
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
City Council ◽  
Cultural Good ◽  
The Face ◽  
Reclamation Area ◽  
Clearance Process ◽  
Community Centre

This article examines the activities of the Freemans Bay Residents Welfare Association, which formed to promote residents’ welfare and to retain the neighbourhood’s integrity in the face of slum clearance during the 1950s and 1960s in Auckland, New Zealand. The Association’s objective was: ‘To combine socially for the cultural good of all people in the area. To unite as one, regardless of race, colour or creed, for the peaceful and fruitful existence of our residents.’ John (Johnny) James Mitchell, secretary of the Association, invoked working-class solidarity – to unite as one – to bring together residents who could also be classified by race, religion, political belief, employment status, ‘respectability’ and housing occupancy. This solidarity was assisted by the Auckland City Council who zoned the Reclamation Area for clearance, affecting all residents within its bounds. However, racial discrimination practised by private landlords, local government and state departments meant that Māori were more likely to occupy condemned housing to begin with and were the last to be assisted by the state in the slum clearance process. As a result, race remained a more potent signifier for Māori residents and they organised through the Māori Women’s Welfare League and the Māori Community Centre, in alliance with the Association.

scholarly journals The evolution and distribution of phage ST160 within Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium

2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PRICE-CARTER ◽  
P. ROY-CHOWDHURY ◽  
C. E. POPE ◽  
S. PAINE ◽  
G. W. DE LISLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Important Disease

SUMMARYSalmonellosis is an internationally important disease of mammals and birds. Unique epidemics in New Zealand in the recent past include two Salmonella serovars: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium definitive type (DT) 160 (S. Typhimurium DT160) and S. Brandenburg. Although not a major threat internationally, in New Zealand S. Typhimurium DT160 has been the most common serovar isolated from humans, and continues to cause significant losses in wildlife. We have identified DNA differences between the first New Zealand isolate of S. Typhimurium DT160 and the genome-sequenced strain, S. Typhimurium LT2. All the differences could be accounted for in one cryptic phage ST64B, and one novel P22-like phage, ST160. The majority of the ST160 genome is almost identical to phage SE1 but has two regions not found in SE1 which are identical to the P22-like phage ST64T, suggesting that ST160 evolved from SE1 via two recombination events with ST64T. All of the New Zealand isolates of DT160 were identical indicating the clonal spread of this particular Salmonella. Some overseas isolates of S. Typhimurium DT160 differed from the New Zealand strain and contained SE1 phage rather than ST160. ST160 was also identified in New Zealand isolates of S. Typhimurium DT74 and S. Typhimurium RDNC-April06 and in S. Typhimurium DT160 isolates from the USA. The emergence of S. Typhimurium DT160 as a significant pathogen in New Zealand is postulated to have occurred due to the sensitivity of the Salmonella strains to the ST160 phage when S. Typhimurium DT160 first arrived.

Century plus journeys: using career crafting to explore the career success of pioneer women accountants

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohini P. Vidwans ◽  
Rosalind H. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Career Success ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Pioneer Women ◽  
Insight Into

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the struggle for entry and career success of the early pioneer women accountants in Great Britain and its former colonies the USA, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.Design/methodology/approachA career crafting matrix guides the analysis of historical information available on five pioneer women accountants in order to understand their success in gaining entry into the profession and their subsequent careers.FindingsDespite an exclusionary environment, career crafting efforts coupled with family and organizational support enabled these women to become one of the first female accountants in their respective countries. Their struggles were not personal but much broader—seeking social, political, economic and professional empowerment for women.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to utilize the career crafting matrix developed from current female accountants' careers to explore careers of pioneering female accountants. It adds to the limited literature on women actors in accounting and may provide insight into approaching current forms of difference and discrimination.

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