Transatlantic variation in English adverb placement

AbstractThis study examines the placement of an adverb with respect to a modal or perfect auxiliary in English (e.g., It might potentially escape / It potentially might escape). The data are drawn from two large, socially stratified corpora of vernacular English (Toronto, Canada, and York, England) and thus allow a cross-dialect perspective on linguistic and social correlates. Using quantitative sociolinguistic methods, I demonstrate similarity in the varieties, with the postauxiliary position generally strongly favored. Of particular importance is the structure of the auxiliary phrase; when a modal is followed by the perfect auxiliary (e.g., It might have escaped), the rates of preauxiliary adverb placement are considerably higher. As the variation is chiefly correlated with linguistic, rather than social factors, I apply recent proposals from Generative syntax to further understand the grammar of the phenomenon. However, the evidence suggests that the variability seen here is a result of postsyntactic, rather than syntactic, processes.

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The Social Correlates of Anxiety among University Students

NICE Research Journal ◽

10.51239/nrjss.v0i0.67 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 80-89

Author(s):

Khisro Kaleem Raza Et al.,

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Social Factors ◽

Female Students ◽

Self Report ◽

Male Students ◽

Use Of Self ◽

Male And Female ◽

Social Correlates ◽

The Social ◽

The University

Anxiety is a feeling of uneasiness experienced by an individual regarding his/her future-oriented tasks, where an individual feels apprehension regarding the worse happening which may not actually happen. The correlates of anxiety refer to the factors which lead towards the feelings of worry, whereby the social correlates of anxiety are the social factors which may lead towards anxiety. The current study was designed to investigate the social correlates of anxiety among university students. A total of 758 students from the University of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were taken as a sample of the study including 442 male and 316 female students from all the disciplines of the stated university from its final year all masters programs. A proportionate sample of 30% from both male and female students was taken and the data were collected through the use of self-report four point liker scale inventory. The social correlates of anxiety among university students were divided into three broad categories including family (parents), friends and teachers. Data were collected, tabulated and analyzed for the stated correlates of anxiety among university students which revealed that all of the three social correlates of anxiety prevailed among male students. Finally, suggestions were made and recommendations were presented for minimizing the severity of anxiety correlates among university students.

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Dermatological manifestations and medico-social correlates among intellectually disabled students in Central India

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v10i5.24770 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 27-32

Author(s):

Harshal Gupta ◽

Vishal Agrawal

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Social Factors ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Economic Status ◽

Central India ◽

Social Correlates ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Socio Economic Status

Background: People with intellectual disabilities (PwID) are particularly more vulnerable to dermatological manifestations due to their associated disabilities and hygiene negligence. Aims and Objective: To estimate the prevalence and pattern of skin diseases considering various medico-social correlates among PwID in two districts of Central India. To apply multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine the medico-social factors associated with no, one and more than one dermatological manifestations. Materials and Methods: A total of 204 PwID receiving rehabilitation services under a NGO serving two districts were examined for dermatological manifestations and various medico-social factors were studied. Descriptive analysis like chi-square and multinomial logistic regression analysis (MLR) was performed. Results: We found that 87.25% of study participants had one or more dermatological manifestations {infectious (64.7%) and non-infectious (84.3%)}. Among the various medico-social variables studied, socio-economic status, education of parents and associated co-morbidities were independently associated with increase in frequency of skin disorders. MLR analysis showed that Illiteracy of parents, lower socio-economic status and associated co-morbidities in PwID had higher odds of developing one and more than one dermatological manifestations when compared to literate and high income families and PwID with no associated co-morbidities. Conclusion: This study delineates the importance of additional attempts to be made by dermatologist while dealing with PwID while considering carefully their associated co-morbidities and various social factors. Strict hygiene measures, periodic skin examination and health education of persons caring for students with disabilities are recommended.

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Domestic Integration and Suicide in the Provinces of Canada

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.20.2.59 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 59-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Antoon A. Leenaars ◽

David Lester

Keyword(s):

Social Factors ◽

Positive Association ◽

Negative Association ◽

Birth Rates ◽

Marriage Rates ◽

Suicide Rates ◽

The Social ◽

Divorce Rates ◽

Low Levels ◽

Over Time

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.

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Illness Perception and Its Changes During Six Months After Cardiac Rehabilitation

European Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1027/2512-8442/a000034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 90-100

Author(s):

Justė Lukoševičiūtė ◽

Kastytis Šmigelskas

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Social Factors ◽

Nyha Class ◽

Illness Perception ◽

Heart Association ◽

Class Iii ◽

Cognitive Representations ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Type D ◽

New York Heart Association

Abstract. Illness perception is a concept that reflects patients' emotional and cognitive representations of disease. This study assessed the illness perception change during 6 months in 195 patients (33% women and 67% men) with acute coronary syndrome, taking into account the biological, psychological, and social factors. At baseline, more threatening illness perception was observed in women, persons aged 65 years or more, with poorer functional capacity (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III or IV) and comorbidities ( p < .05). Type D personality was the only independent factor related to more threatening illness perception (βs = 0.207, p = .006). At follow-up it was found that only self-reported cardiovascular impairment plays the role in illness perception change (βs = 0.544, p < .001): patients without impairment reported decreasing threats of illness, while the ones with it had a similar perception of threat like at baseline. Other biological, psychological, and social factors were partly associated with illness perception after an acute cardiac event but not with perception change after 6 months.

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