scholarly journals Impact of meal fatty acid composition on postprandial lipaemia, vascular function and blood pressure in postmenopausal women

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari M. Rathnayake ◽  
Michelle Weech ◽  
Kim G. Jackson ◽  
Julie A. Lovegrove
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCVD are the leading cause of death in women globally, with ageing associated with progressive endothelial dysfunction and increased CVD risk. Natural menopause is characterised by raised non-fasting TAG concentrations and impairment of vascular function compared with premenopausal women. However, the mechanisms underlying the increased CVD risk after women have transitioned through the menopause are unclear. Dietary fat is an important modifiable risk factor relating to both postprandial lipaemia and vascular reactivity. Meals rich in SFA and MUFA are often associated with greater postprandial TAG responses compared with those containing n-6 PUFA, but studies comparing their effects on vascular function during the postprandial phase are limited, particularly in postmenopausal women. The present review aimed to evaluate the acute effects of test meals rich in SFA, MUFA and n-6 PUFA on postprandial lipaemia, vascular reactivity and other CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women. The systematic search of the literature identified 778 publications. The impact of fat-rich meals on postprandial lipaemia was reported in seven relevant studies, of which meal fat composition was compared in one study described in three papers. An additional study determined the impact of a high-fat meal on vascular reactivity. Although moderately consistent evidence suggests detrimental effects of high-fat meals on postprandial lipaemia in postmenopausal (than premenopausal) women, there is insufficient evidence to establish the impact of meals of differing fat composition. Furthermore, there is no robust evidence to conclude the effect of meal fatty acids on vascular function or blood pressure. In conclusion, there is an urgent requirement for suitably powered robust randomised controlled trials to investigate the impact of meal fat composition on postprandial novel and established CVD risk markers in postmenopausal women, an understudied population at increased cardiometabolic risk.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Dela Justina ◽  
Jéssica S. G. Miguez ◽  
Fernanda Priviero ◽  
Jennifer C. Sullivan ◽  
Fernanda R. Giachini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Western World ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Cardiovascular Aging

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of illness and death in the Western world. Cardiovascular aging is a progressive modification occurring in cardiac and vascular morphology and physiology where increased endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are observed, generally accompanied by increased systolic blood pressure and augmented pulse pressure. The effects of biological sex on cardiovascular pathophysiology have long been known. The incidence of hypertension is higher in men, and it increases in postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women are protected from CVD compared with age-matched men and this protective effect is lost with menopause, suggesting that sex-hormones influence blood pressure regulation. In parallel, the heart progressively remodels over the course of life and the pattern of cardiac remodeling also differs between the sexes. Lower autonomic tone, reduced baroreceptor response, and greater vascular function are observed in premenopausal women than men of similar age. However, postmenopausal women have stiffer arteries than their male counterparts. The biological mechanisms responsible for sex-related differences observed in cardiovascular aging are being unraveled over the last several decades. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the sex-differences of CVD in aging.

scholarly journals Association between Soy Food and Dietary Soy Isoflavone Intake and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women: A Prospective Cohort Study in Korea

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Jihyun Im ◽  
Kyong Park
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Soy Isoflavones ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Soy Isoflavone ◽  
Soy Foods ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease In Women

The association between soy food and soy isoflavone intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is uncertain, especially in women. We aimed to investigate this association in Korean women. We analyzed data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, including 4713 Korean women aged 40–69 years with no CVD or cancer at baseline. Dietary information was obtained using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and the incidence of CVD was assessed using biennial self-reported questionnaires on medical history. The mean follow-up time was 7.4 years, during which 82 premenopausal and 200 postmenopausal women reported CVD incidence. The highest tofu, total soy foods, and dietary soy isoflavone intake groups were significantly associated with a decreased CVD risk in premenopausal women (tofu: hazard ratio (HR) 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.19–0.80; total soy food: HR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18–0.70; dietary soy isoflavones: HR 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22–0.89), whereas no association was observed in postmenopausal women. Other soy foods showed no association with CVD incidence. Dietary soy isoflavones and total soy foods are associated with a decreased CVD risk in premenopausal women. Among soy foods, only tofu showed significant health benefits.

scholarly journals Biomarker-estimated flavan-3-ol intake is associated with lower blood pressure in cross-sectional analysis in EPIC Norfolk

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier I. Ottaviani ◽  
Abigail Britten ◽  
Debora Lucarelli ◽  
Robert Luben ◽  
Angela A. Mulligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Lower Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Reduction

Abstract Flavan-3-ols are a group of bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve vascular function in intervention studies. They are therefore of great interest for the development of dietary recommendation for the prevention of cardio-vascular diseases. However, there are currently no reliable data from observational studies, as the high variability in the flavan-3-ol content of food makes it difficult to estimate actual intake without nutritional biomarkers. In this study, we investigated cross-sectional associations between biomarker-estimated flavan-3-ol intake and blood pressure and other CVD risk markers, as well as longitudinal associations with CVD risk in 25,618 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) Norfolk cohort. High flavan-3-ol intake, achievable as part of an habitual diet, was associated with a significantly lower systolic blood pressure (− 1.9 (− 2.7; − 1.1) mmHg in men and − 2.5 (− 3.3; − 1.8) mmHg in women; lowest vs highest decile of biomarker), comparable to adherence to a Mediterranean Diet or moderate salt reduction. Subgroup analyses showed that hypertensive participants had stronger inverse association between flavan-3-ol biomarker and systolic blood pressure when compared to normotensive participants. Flavanol intake could therefore have a role in the maintenance of cardiovascular health on a population scale.

scholarly journals Acute effects of whey protein isolate on blood pressure, vascular function and inflammatory markers in overweight postmenopausal women

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1512-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebely Pal ◽  
Vanessa Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Whey Protein Isolate ◽  
Protein Isolate

Previous evidence indicates that chronic consumption of dairy whey proteins has beneficial effects on CVD risk factors. The present study investigated the postprandial effects of whey protein isolate on blood pressure, vascular function and inflammatory markers in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. This was a randomised, three-way cross-over design study where twenty overweight and obese postmenopausal women consumed a breakfast meal in conjunction with one of three supplements: 45 g whey protein isolate, 45 g sodium caseinate or 45 g of a glucose control. Fasting and postprandial blood samples, blood pressure and pulse wave analysis readings were taken for up to 6 h. After consumption of the meal, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and augmentation index (AI) decreased initially for all interventions and gradually returned to baseline levels by 6 h. However, there were no significant differences in AI, systolic or diastolic blood pressure within or between the glucose control, casein or whey groups. There were also no significant group effects on plasma inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α and C-reactive protein). The health effects previously seen with chronic whey protein ingestion were not seen in the acute 6 h postprandial period in relation to blood pressure, vascular function or inflammatory markers when compared with casein and a glucose control. This suggests that such effects are better observed from the long-term consumption of whey proteins.

The impact of the catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype on vascular function and blood pressure after acute green tea ingestion

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 966-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind J. Miller ◽  
Kim G. Jackson ◽  
Tony Dadd ◽  
Andrew E. Mayes ◽  
A. Louise Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
The Impact

Acute Effects of Pomegranate Extract on Postprandial Lipaemia, Vascular Function and Blood Pressure

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarati Susan Mathew ◽  
Gabriella M. Capel-Williams ◽  
Sarah E. E. Berry ◽  
Wendy L. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Postprandial Lipaemia

scholarly journals Consuming a balanced high fat diet for 16 weeks improves body composition, inflammation and vascular function parameters in obese premenopausal women

Metabolism ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi J. Silver ◽  
Hakmook Kang ◽  
Charles D. Keil ◽  
James A. Muldowney ◽  
Heidi Kocalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Carnosic Acid Modulates Increased Hepatic Lipogenesis and Adipocytes Differentiation in Ovariectomized Mice Fed Normal or High-Fat Diets

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Hee Lee ◽  
Whasun Lim ◽  
Mi-Kyung Sung
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice

As postmenopausal women experience a rapid increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with an increase in abdominal fat, dietary interventions to reduce CVD risk have been emphasized. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) in combination with an ovariectomy on liver and adipose tissue fat metabolism. The efficacy of carnosic acid (CA) supplementation in the suppression of HFD- and ovariectomy-induced obesity was also evaluated. Ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated mice at eight weeks of age were fed with a normal diet (ND), HFD, ND and 0.02% CA, or HFD and 0.02% CA for 12 weeks. All of the animals were sacrificed at the age of 20 weeks. The blood and tissue markers of the lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation were measured. As expected, ovariectomy decreased the uterus weight and serum 17β-estradiol concentration. The HFD and ovariectomy significantly contributed to increases in the body weight and total fat mass, which were effectively inhibited by CA supplementation. The circulating concentrations of insulin, leptin, and TG (triglyceride) were significantly higher in the HFD group, and the concentrations were two to five times higher in the OVX and HFD group compared with those of the ND group. The CA supplementation significantly lowered the insulin, leptin, and TG concentrations in the OVX and HFD mice. The hepatic protein expressions of pAMPK and pACC were up-regulated by CA supplementation in OVX mice fed either ND or HFD. The expressions of hepatic SREBP1c and FAS mRNA were the highest in the OVX and HFD group, which were suppressed by CA supplementation. The adipose tissue PPARγ, aP2, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expressions were up-regulated by a HFD or ovariectomy, while they were significantly reduced in the mice fed a CA supplemented diet. The TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels in the adipose tissue were decreased by providing CA in the OVX groups. These results suggest that HFD and ovariectomy independently contribute to body fat accumulation, and CA effectively alleviated the ovariectomy-induced increases in lipogenesis and adipocyte differentiation. Further human trials are required in order to evaluate the efficacy of rosemary-derive CA as natural anti-adipogenic compounds, especially in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Exploiting dietary supplementation trials to assess the impact of the prenatal environment on CVD risk

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Hawkesworth
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
The Impact

Animal studies have demonstrated that altering the maternal diet during pregnancy affects offspring disease risk. Data from human subjects on the early-life determinants of disease have been derived primarily from birth-weight associations; studies of the impact of the maternal diet are scarce and inconsistent. Investigating CVD risk factors in the offspring of women who have participated in maternal supplementation trials provides a useful resource in this research field, by virtue of employing an experimental design (as compared with observational studies). To date, follow-up studies have been published only for a small number of trials; these trials include the impact of maternal protein–energy, multiple-micronutrient and Ca supplementation on offspring disease risk. In Nepal maternal micronutrient supplementation has been shown to be associated with lower offspring systolic blood pressure at 2 years of age. Data from Guatemala on a pre- and postnatal protein–energy community intervention have suggested long-term improvements in fasting glucose and body composition but not in blood pressure. In The Gambia no association has been found between prenatal protein–energy supplementation and markers of CVD risk including body composition, blood pressure and fasting glucose and insulin in childhood and adolescence. Little evidence of an effect of maternal Ca supplementation on offspring blood pressure has been demonstrated in four trials, although the risk of high systolic blood pressure was found to be reduced in one trial. The present paper reviews the current evidence relating maternal nutritional supplementation during pregnancy to offspring CVD risk and explores the potential explanations for the lack of association.

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